Figurenanalyse im Bilderbuch am Beispiel von personifizierten Darstellungen des Todes

Hoffmann L. Figurenanalyse im Bilderbuch am Beispiel von personifizierten Darstellungen des Todes. In: Dammers B, Krichel A, Staiger M, eds. Das Bilderbuch. Theoretische Grundlagen und analytische Zugänge. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler; 2021

Figurenanalyse im Bilderbuch

Hoffmann L. Figurenanalyse im Bilderbuch. In: Dammers B, Krichel A, Staiger M, eds. Das Bilderbuch. Theoretische Grundlagen und analytische Zugänge. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler; 2022

The Microalgae <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i> Is Well Suited as a Food with Positive Effects on the Intestinal Microbiota and the Generation of SCFA: Results from a Pre-Clinical Study

Microalgae such as Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT) are a sustainable source of nutrients, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), fucoxanthin (Fx), and chrysolaminarin (Chrl), the concentrations of which can vary depending on the culture conditions. We generated three types of diets containing either an EPA- and Fx-rich (EPA/Fx) or Chrl-rich microalgae (with 5, 15, or 25% added to the diet) or an isocaloric control diet (CD). These diets were evaluated over 14 days in young C57BL/6J mice for safety and bioavailability, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and microbiome analysis. Both microalgae diets increased body weight gain dose-dependently compared to the CD. Microalgae-derived EPA was well absorbed, resulting in increased liver and fat tissue levels and a decrease in the n-6:n-3 ratio in liver tissue. Both microalgae diets increased the production of selected SCFA and decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteriodota ratio, whereas the Chrl-rich diet led to an increase in Akkermansia. Doses of up to 4621 mg Chrl, 920 mg EPA, and 231 mg Fx per kg body weight daily were tolerated without adverse effects. This pre-clinical study shows that PT is suitable for mouse feed, with positive effects on microbiota composition and SCFA production, suggesting beneficial effects on gut health

Oral Bioavailability of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Carotenoids from the Microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum in Healthy Young Adults

The microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT) contains valuable nutrients such as proteins, polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and some docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), carotenoids such as fucoxanthin (FX), and beta-glucans, which may confer health benefits. In a randomized intervention trial involving 22 healthy individuals, we administered for two weeks in a crossover manner the whole biomass of PT (5.3 g/day), or fish oil (FO) containing equal amounts of EPA and DHA (together 300 mg/day). In an additional experiment, sea fish at 185 g/week resulting in a similar EPA and DHA intake was administered in nine individuals. We determined the bioavailability of fatty acids and carotenoids and assessed safety parameters. The intake of PT resulted in a similar increase in the n-3 PUFA and EPA content and a decrease in the PUFA n-6:n-3 ratio in plasma. PT intake caused an uptake of FX that is metabolized to fucoxanthinol (FXOH) and amarouciaxanthin A (AxA). No relevant adverse effects occurred following PT consumption. The study shows that PT is a safe and effective source of EPA and FX&mdash;and likely other nutrients&mdash;and therefore should be considered as a future sustainable food item

Potentially Beneficial Effects on Healthy Aging by Supplementation of the EPA-Rich Microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum or Its Supernatant&mdash;A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial in Elderly Individuals

Dietary supplements that promote healthy aging are mostly warranted in an aging society. Because of age-related risks, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agents such as microalgae are potential candidates for intervention. In a randomized controlled trial, we tested Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT), a microalgae rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), carotenoids, vitamins, and &beta;-glucans, cultured in bioreactors. In this pilot trial, 19 healthy elderly received supplements for two weeks based on either the whole PT (A), the &beta;-1,3-glucan-rich PT supernatant (SupB), the combination thereof (A+SupB), or a Comparator product (Comp). The primary outcome variable plasma interleukin-6 was reduced after treatment with A+SupB compared to the Comp group (p = 0.04). The mobility parameters 5 s sit-to-stand test (p = 0.04 in the A group) and by trend gait speed (p = 0.08 in the A+SupB diet) were improved compared to Comp. No treatment effects were observed for fatty acids, compared to Comp but omega-6 to -3 fatty acid ratio (p = 0.006) and arachidonic acid/EPA ratio (p = 0.006) were reduced within group A+SupB. Further, the SupB study product reduced faecal zonulin (p = 0.03) compared to the Comp. The data revealed an anti-inflammatory and potentially anti-oxidative effect of particular PT preparations, suggesting that they might be suitable for effects in healthy elderly

Bimetallic Co/Al nanoparticles in an ionic liquid: synthesis and application in alkyne hydrogenation

Herein, we report the microwave-induced decomposition of various organometallic cobalt and aluminum precursors in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMIm]NTf2), resulting in Co/Al nanoalloys with different molar Co/Al ratios. The dual-source precursor system of dicobalt octacarbonyl (Co2(CO)8) and pentamethylcyclopentadienyl aluminum ([AlCp*]4) in [BMIm]NTf2 afforded CoAl nanoparticles (CoAl-NPs) with a molar Co/Al ratio of 1 : 1. Their size and size distribution were determined via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to be an average diameter of 3.0 ± 0.5 nm. Furthermore, the dual-source precursor system of cobalt amidinate ([Co(iPr2-MeAMD)2]) and aluminum amidinate [Me2Al(iPr2-MeAMD)] in molar ratios of 1 : 1 and 3 : 1 resulted in CoAl- and Co3Al-NPs with an average diameter of 3 ± 1 and 2.0 ± 0.2 nm, respectively. All the obtained materials were characterized via TEM, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), together with high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and (high-resolution) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ((HR-)XPS). Phase-pure Co/Al-NPs were not obtained since the concomitant formation of Co-NPs and Al2O3 occurred in this wet-chemical synthesis. The as-prepared Co/Al nanoalloys were evaluated as catalysts in the hydrogenation of phenylacetylene under mild conditions (2 bar H2, 30 °C in THF). In comparison to the monometallic Co-NPs, the Co/Al-NPs showed a significantly higher catalytic hydrogenation activity. The Co- and Co/Al-NPs were also active under harsher reaction conditions (80 bar H2, 80 °C) without the addition of the activating co-catalyst DIBAL-H

Speech and Nonspeech Parameters in the Clinical Assessment of Dysarthria: A Dimensional Analysis

Nonspeech (or paraspeech) parameters are widely used in clinical assessment of speech impairment in persons with dysarthria (PWD). Virtually every standard clinical instrument used in dysarthria diagnostics includes nonspeech parameters, often in considerable numbers. While theoretical considerations have challenged the validity of these measures as markers of speech impairment, only a few studies have directly examined their relationship to speech parameters on a broader scale. This study was designed to investigate how nonspeech parameters commonly used in clinical dysarthria assessment relate to speech characteristics of dysarthria in individuals with movement disorders. Maximum syllable repetition rates, accuracies, and rates of isolated and repetitive nonspeech oral–facial movements and maximum phonation times were compared with auditory–perceptual and acoustic speech parameters. Overall, 23 diagnostic parameters were assessed in a sample of 130 patients with movement disorders of six etiologies. Each variable was standardized for its distribution and for age and sex effects in 130 neurotypical speakers. Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used to examine the factor structure underlying the diagnostic parameters. In the first analysis, we tested the hypothesis that nonspeech parameters combine with speech parameters within diagnostic dimensions representing domain–general motor control principles. In a second analysis, we tested the more specific hypotheses that diagnostic parameters split along effector (lip vs. tongue) or functional (speed vs. accuracy) rather than task boundaries. Our findings contradict the view that nonspeech parameters currently used in dysarthria diagnostics are congruent with diagnostic measures of speech characteristics in PWD

Assignment of individual structures from intermetalloid nickel gallium cluster ensembles

International audiencePoorly selective mixed-metal cluster synthesis and separation yield reaction solutions of inseparable intermetalloid cluster mixtures, which are often discarded. High-resolution mass spectrometry, however, can provide precise compositional data of such product mixtures. Structure assignments can be achieved by advanced computational screening and consideration of the complete structural space. Here, we experimentally verify structure and composition of a whole cluster ensemble by combining a set of spectroscopic techniques. Our study case are the very similar nickel/gallium clusters of M12, M13 and M14 core composition Ni6+xGa6+y (x + y ≤ 2). The rationalization of structure, bonding and reactivity is built upon the organometallic superatom cluster [Ni6Ga6](Cp*)6 = [Ga6](NiCp*)6 (1; Cp* = C5Me5). The structural conclusions are validated by reactivity tests using carbon monoxide, which selectively binds to Ni sites, whereas (triisopropylsilyl)acetylene selectively binds to Ga sites

Rezensionen [2017]

156 Ansari, Christine (Hrsg.): Adoleszenz in Medienkontexten. Literaturrezeption, Medienwirkung und Jugendmedienschutz (judith mathez) 158 Bachmann, Christian A. / Emans, Laura / Schmitz-Emans, Monika (Hrsg.): Bewegungsbücher. Spielformen, Poetiken, Konstellationen (gundel mattenklott) 160 Ballis, Anja /Schlachter, Birgit (Hrsg.): Schätze der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur wiederentdeckt. Frühe Lektüreerfahrung und Kanonbildung im akademischen Kontext (ernst seibert) 162 Benner, Julia: Federkrieg. Kinder- und Jugendliteratur gegen den Nationalsozialismus 1933 – 1945 (linde storm) 164 Born, Stefan: Allgemeinliterarische Adoleszenzromane. Untersuchungen zu Herrndorf, Regener, Strunk, Kehlmann und anderen (lena hoffmann) 166 Börnchen, Stefan: Poetik der Linie. Wilhelm Busch, Max und Moritz und die Tradition (lukas sarvari) 168 Burwitz-Melzer, Eva /O’Sullivan, Emer (Hrsg.): Einfachheit in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur. Ein Gewinn für den Fremdsprachenunterricht (roland alexander issler) 169 Emde, Oliver /Möller, Lukas /Wicke, Andreas (Hrsg.): Von »Bibi Blocksberg« bis »TKKG«. Kinderhörspiele aus gesellschafts- und kulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive (anika ullmann) 171 Ferstl, Paul /Walach, Thomas / Zahlmann, Stefan (Hrsg.): Fantasy Studies (maren bonacker) 173 Giesa, Felix: Graphisches Erzählen von Adoleszenz. Deutschsprachige Autorencomics nach 2000 (michael staiger) 175 Hahn, Heidi / Laudenberg, Beate / Rösch, Heidi (Hrsg.): »Wörter raus!?« Zur Debatte um eine diskriminierungsfreie Sprache im Kinderbuch (julia benner) 177 Haug, Christine / Frimmel, Johannes (Hrsg.): Schulbücher um 1800. Ein Spezialmarkt zwischen staatlichem, volksaufklärerischem und konfessionellem Auftrag (ortwin beisbart) 179 Hollerweger, Elisabeth /Stemmann, Anna (Hrsg.): Narrative Delikatessen. Kulturelle Dimensionen von Ernährung (sonja loidl) 180 Hopp, Margarete: Sterben, Tod und Trauer im Bilderbuch seit 1945 (iris schäfer) 182 Huemer, Georg: Mira Lobe. Doyenne der österreichischen Kinder- und Jugendliteratur (andreas schumann) 183 Josting, Petra (Hrsg.): Andreas Steinhöfel, Bielefelder Poet in Residence 2014 (heinke kilian) 185 Josting, Petra /Roeder, Caroline /Dettmar, Ute (Hrsg.): Immer Trouble mit Gender. Genderperspektiven in Kinder- und Jugendliteraturforschung und -medien (jana mikota) 187 Kurwinkel, Tobias /Schmerheim, Philipp /Sevi, Annika (Hrsg.): Michael Ende intermedial. Von Lokomotivführern, Glücksdrachen und dem (phantastischen) Spiel mit Mediengrenzen (michael stierstorfer) 188 Mikota, Jana / Pecher, Claudia Maria / von Glasenapp, Gabriele (Hrsg.): Literarisch-kulturelle Begegnungen mit dem Judentum. Beiträge zur kinderliterarischen Fachöffentlichkeit (susanne blumesberger) 190 Müller, Karla / Decker, Jan-Oliver / Krah, Hans / Schilcher, Anita (Hrsg.): Genderkompetenz mit Kinder- und Jugendliteratur entwickeln: Grundlagen – Analysen – Modelle (annette kliewer) 192 Nikolajeva, Maria: Reading for Learning. Cognitive Approaches to Children’s Literature (sabine fuchs) 194 Paul, Lissa / Johnston, Rosemary R. / Short, Emma (Hrsg.):Children’s Literature and Culture of the First World War.(julia benner) 195 Payrhuber, Franz-Josef / Meier, Bernhard(Hrsg.): Franz, Kurt: Kinderlyrik. Geschichte, Formen, Rezeption(ludger scherer) 197 Payrhuber, Franz-Josef:Gedichte entdecken. Wege zu Gedichten in der ersten bis sechsten Klasse (andreas schumann) 198 Pohlmann, Carola (Hrsg): Kinder- und Jugendliteratur. Sammeln und Erwerben (wolfgang wangerin) 200 Pompe, Anja (Hrsg): Kind und Gedicht. Wie wir lesen lernen (heinz-jürgen kliewer) 202 Preindl, Nadia:Russische Kinderliteratur im europäischen Exil der Zwischenkriegszeit (verena rutschmann) 204 Richter, Karin: Die Kinder- und Jugend-literatur der DDR. Entwicklungslinien – Themen und Genres. Autorenporträts und Textanalysen (maria becker) 206 Riemhofer, Andra:Interkulturelle Kinder- und Jugendliteratur in Deutschland. Lesen auf eigene Gefahr (roger meyer) 208Roeder, Caroline (Hrsg.): Himmel und Hölle. Raumerkundungen – interdisziplinär & in schulischer Praxis (claudia blei-hoch) 210 Ruzicka Kenfel, Vejka (Hrsg.): New Trends in Children’s Literature Research. Twenty-first Century Approaches (2000–2012) from the University of Vigo (Spain) (susanne blumesberger) 212 Schäfer, Iris:Von der Hysterie zur Magersucht. Adoleszenz und Krankheit in Romanen und Erzählungen der Jahrhundert- und der Jahrtausendwende (philipp schmerheim) 214 Scherer, Gabriela / Volz, Steffen (Hrsg.): Im Bildungsfokus: Bilderbuchrezeptions-forschung (margarete hopp) 216 Schmitt, Susann Sophie:Nachwuchs für die Literatur. Kinder- und Jugendprogramme ausgewählter Literaturhäuser Deutschlands, Österreichs und der Schweiz (renate grubert) 217 Seelinger Trites, Roberta:Literary Conceptu-alizations of Growth. Metaphors and Cogni-tion in Adolescent Literature (iris schäfer) 219 Seifert, Martina:Die Bilderfalle. Kanada in der deutschsprachigen Kinder- und Jugend-literatur: Produktion und Rezeption (sabine planka) 222 Stein, Daniel / Thon, Jan-Noël (Hrsg.): From Comic Strips to Graphic Novels. Contributions to the Theory and History of Graphic Narrative (anna stemmann) 223 Tomberg, Markus (Hrsg.): Alle wichtigen Bücher handeln von Gott. Religiöse Spuren in aktueller Kinder- und Jugendliteratur (martin anker