Essential oil of the flowers of Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae)

Essential oil of the flowers of Azadirachta indica was obtained at 0.001% yield by steam distillation. It mainly consisted of α-cubebene (3.04%), copaene (7.03 %), humulene (3.7 %), δ-cadinene (9.43 %) and a number of sesquiterpenes. The oil also contained a series of unidentified organosulphur compounds. These organosulphur compounds were picked up by the S34 isotope. The oil exhibited antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) and Microsporum gypseum (Clinical isolated)

Antioxidant efficacy and adhesion rescue by a recombinant mussel foot protein-6

Mytilus foot protein type 6 (mfp-6) is crucial for maintaining the reducing conditions needed for optimal wet adhesion in marine mussels. In this report we describe the expression and production of a recombinant Mytilus californianus foot protein type 6 variant 1 (rmfp-6.1) fused with a hexa-histidine affinity tag in Escherichia coli and its purification by affinity chromatography. Recombinant mfp-6 showed high purification yields of 5–6 mg/L cell culture and excellent solubility in low pH buffers that retard oxidation of its many thiol groups. Purified rmfp-6.1 protein showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity as compared to Vitamin C. Using the highly sensitive surface force apparatus (SFA) technique to measure interfacial surface forces in the nanoNewton range we show that rmfp-6.1 is also able to rescue the oxidation-dependent adhesion loss of mussel foot protein 3 (mfp-3) at pH 3. The adhesion rescue is related to a reduction of dopaquinone back to DOPA in mfp-3 which is the reverse reaction observed during the detrimental enzymatic browning process in fruits and vegetables. Broadly viewed, rmfp-6.1 has potential as a versatile antioxidant for applications ranging from personal products to anti-spoilants for perishable foods during processing and storage