การพัฒนาแอปพลิเคชันเกมสามมิติประเภทสวมบทบาทเพื่อพัฒนาทักษะการเรียนรู้คำศัพท์ภาษาอังกฤษ สำหรับนักเรียนชั้นประถมศึกษาปีที่ 2 ที่มีความรู้ด้านภาษาอังกฤษในระดับต่ำ

The objectives of this research were 1) to development of the Three-Dimensional Role-Playing (3D RPG) Games Application at the quality was at good level and efficiency 80/80 criteria, 2) to compare the pretest scores with posttest score and study effectiveness Index (E.I) after learning from the 3D RPG Games Application, 3) to study the students satisfaction on the Development of the 3D RPG Games Application. and 4) to study benefits and barriers of the 3D RPG Games Application. The sample group in this research were 30 the second grade students at Wat Laksi (Thongbai Tiwaree Wittaya) School. The students were selected by Multistage Sampling technique. The research tools utilized in this study were Development of the 3D RPG Games Application for Computer Tablet on quality evaluation form pretest - posttest, and the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by percentage, mean, Standard Deviation, and t-test for dependent Sample. The research results were 1) the efficiency of the 3D RPG Games Application was at 80/80 according to the criteria, 2) the students’ post-test scores after studying through the 3D RPG Games Application were statistically significant higher than the students pre-test scores at .05 level and the effectiveness Index : E.I. at 0.55, 3) the students’ satisfaction on the 3D RPG Games Application was at the highest level (Mean = 4.56), and 4) benefits of the 3D RPG Games Application was most benefit because the students concentrate on learning more, learn vocabulary better, use tablet was benefit more, Barriers of the 3D RPG Games Application was school does not take tablets to be used continuously, installing apps were difficult, tablet is not their own

Extreme Weather Events and Climate Variability Provide a Lens to How Shallow Lakes May Respond to Climate Change

Shallow lakes, particularly those in low-lying areas of the subtropics, are highly vulnerable to changes in climate associated with global warming. Many of these lakes are in tropical cyclone strike zones and they experience high inter-seasonal and inter-annual variation in rainfall and runoff. Both of those factors strongly modulate sediment–water column interactions, which play a critical role in shallow lake nutrient cycling, water column irradiance characteristics and cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom (CyanoHAB) dynamics. We illustrate this with three examples, using long-term (15–25 years) datasets on water quality and plankton from three shallow lakes: Lakes Okeechobee and George (Florida, USA) and Lake Taihu (China). Okeechobee and Taihu have been impacted repeatedly by tropical cyclones that have resulted in large amounts of runoff and sediment resuspension, and resultant increases in dissolved nutrients in the water column. In both cases, when turbidity declined, major blooms of the toxic CyanoHAB Microcystis aeruginosa occurred over large areas of the lakes. In Lake George, periods of high rainfall resulted in high dissolved color, reduced irradiance, and increased water turnover rates which suppress blooms, whereas in dry periods with lower water color and water turnover rates there were dense cyanobacteria blooms. We identify a suite of factors which, from our experience, will determine how a particular shallow lake will respond to a future with global warming, flashier rainfall, prolonged droughts and stronger tropical cyclones

Development of Digital Video Media with Interactive Learning in Classroom to Enhance Attitude for Mathematic Learning with Happiness

การวิจัยครั้งนี้ มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) พัฒนาสื่อดิจิทัลวิดีโอร่วมกับการเรียนรู้แบบปฏิสัมพันธ์ในชั้นเรียนเพื่อเสริมสร้างทัศนคติเชิงบวกต่อการเรียนวิชาคณิตศาสตร์อย่างมีความสุข 2) เปรียบเทียบคะแนนก่อนเรียนกับผลสัมฤทธิ์หลังเรียนด้วยสื่อดิจิทัลวิดีโอร่วมกับการเรียนรู้แบบปฏิสัมพันธ์ในชั้นเรียน 3) ศึกษาผลการใช้สื่อดิจิทัลวิดีโอร่วมกับการเรียนรู้แบบปฏิสัมพันธ์ในชั้นเรียน และ 4) ศึกษาความพึงพอใจต่อการใช้สื่อดิจิทัลวิดีโอร่วมกับการเรียนรู้แบบปฏิสัมพันธ์ในชั้นเรียน กลุ่มตัวอย่างคือ นักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 5 ภาคเรียนที่ 1 ปีการศึกษา 2563 จำนวน 22 คน โรงเรียนวัดเขมาภิรตาราม เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัย ได้แก่ (1) แผนการจัดการเรียนรู้ (2) สื่อดิจิทัลวิดีโอ (3) แบบวัดทัศนคติเชิงบวกทางการเรียนวิชาคณิตศาสตร์ด้วยสื่อดิจิทัลวิดีโอฯ (4) แบบทดสอบก่อนเรียนและหลังเรียน (5) แบบประเมินความพึงพอใจในการใช้สื่อดิจิทัลวิดีโอฯ และ (6) แบบวัดความสุขในการเรียนวิชาคณิตศาสตร์ด้วยการใช้สื่อดิจิทัลวิดีโอ การวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลใช้สถิติ ได้แก่ ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน และทดสอบค่าที ผลการวิจัยพบว่า 1) ผลการประเมินคุณภาพสื่อดิจิทัลวิดีโอร่วมกับการเรียนรู้แบบปฏิสัมพันธ์ในชั้นเรียนเพื่อเสริมสร้างทัศนคติเชิงบวกต่อการเรียนวิชาคณิตศาสตร์อย่างมีความสุข อยู่ในระดับดีมาก 2) คะแนนเฉลี่ยหลังเรียนด้วยสื่อดิจิทัลวิดีโอสูงกว่าก่อนเรียน อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ .01 3) ผลการศึกษาการใช้สื่อดิจิทัลวิดีโอทำให้ผู้เรียนเกิดทัศนคติเชิงบวกต่อวิชาคณิตศาสตร์และเรียนรู้อย่างมีความสุขอยู่ในระดับดีมาก และ 4) ความพึงพอใจต่อการสื่อดิจิทัลวิดีโอร่วมกับการเรียนรู้แบบปฏิสัมพันธ์ในชั้นชั้นเรียนเพื่อเสริมสร้างทัศนคติเชิงบวกต่อการเรียนวิชาคณิตศาสตร์อย่างมีความสุขอยู่ในระดับมากที่สุ

การพัฒนาแอปพลิเคชันบนแท็บเล็ตสำหรับเด็กบกพร่องทางการเรียนรู้ด้านคณิตศาสตร์

The objectives of this research were: 1) to develop an application quality on tablet for the Mathematics Learning Disability, 2) to study effectiveness index of the application on tablet, 3) to study the behavior of using application on tablet, 4) to study the advantage of using application on tablet, 5) to study the satisfaction of the application on tablet. The selected samples in this mixed-method research are five students with learning disabilities mathematics problems. They are from Watsaothong school, The Secondary Education Service Area Office 1, in Suphanburi.The research tools were an application on tablet for the Mathematics Learning Disability, quality evaluation form, pre-test and post-test of lesson, the behavior observation form of using application on tablet, open questions of the advantage of using application on tablet, the questionnaire of the satisfaction of the application on tablet. The information analysis statistic was mean, standard deviation, and effectiveness index. The results of the study were as follows: 1) an application quality on tablet for the Mathematics Learning Disability was in good level, 2) the study results of effectiveness index the application on tablet at 0.80, 3) the study results of observation found that users interested in interact with activities of application on tablets, because the program set out the appropriate learning process for each of student. That makes users can choose the speed of learning as appropriate and each of their attention, 4) the study results of the advantage of the application showed that the application benefit can be applied to the students, the advantages of the application is to stimulate interest of the Mathematics Learning Disability can enhance the quality of students, 5) the learn was the most satisfaction to study with application on tablet

Kinetic modelling of hydrogen transfer deoxygenation of a prototypical fatty acid over a bimetallic Pd60Cu40 catalyst: an investigation of the surface reaction mechanism and rate limiting step

Herein, for the first time, we demonstrate a novel continuous flow process involving the application of tetralin as a hydrogendonor solvent for the catalytic conversion of oleic acid to diesel-like hydrocarbons, using an efficient and stable carbonsupported bimetallic PdCu catalyst. Using Pd60Cu40/C, where 60:40 is the molar ratio of each metal, at optimum reactionconditions (360 °C and WHSV = 1 h-1), 90.5% oleic acid conversion and 80.5% selectivity to C17 and C18 paraffinic hydrocarbonswere achieved. Furthermore, a comprehensive mechanistic based kinetic modelling - considering power rate law, L-H andE-R models was conducted. Kinetic expressions derived from the three kinetic models were investigated in rate data fittingthrough nonlinear regression using a Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Based on the statistical discrimination criteria, theexperimental data of the dehydrogenation reaction of tetralin was best fitted by an L-H rate equation assuming the surfacereaction as the rate controlling step. On the contrary, the kinetic data of the oleic acid deoxygenation reaction was wellcorrelated with an L-H rate equation assuming single site adsorption of oleic acid with dissociative H2 adsorption. It wasfound that the rate limiting step of the overall reaction was the hydrogenation of oleic acid with an activation energy of 75.0± 5.1 kJ mol-1 whereas the dehydrogenation of tetralin had a lower activation energy of 66.4 ± 2.7 kJ mol-1

Correction of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa by homology-directed repair-mediated genome editing

Genome-editing technologies that enable the introduction of precise changes in DNA sequences have the potential to lead to a new class of treatments for genetic diseases. Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare genetic disorders characterized by extreme skin fragility. The recessive dystrophic subtype of EB (RDEB), which has one of the most severe phenotypes, is caused by mutations in COL7A1. In this study, we report a gene-editing approach for ex vivo homology-directed repair (HDR)-based gene correction that uses the CRISPR-Cas9 system delivered as a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex in combination with donor DNA templates delivered by adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs). We demonstrate sufficient mutation correction frequencies to achieve therapeutic benefit in primary RDEB keratinocytes containing different COL7A1 mutations as well as efficient HDR-mediated COL7A1 modification in healthy cord blood-derived CD34+ cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These results are a proof of concept for HDR-mediated gene correction in different cell types with therapeutic potential for RDEB.This work was supported by Spanish grants PI17/01747, PI20/00615, AC17/00054 (MutaEB-E-rare), and CIBERER ER18TRL714 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and grant SAF2017-86810-R from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness , all co-funded with European Regional Development Funds , and Avancell-CM grant ( S2017/BMD-3692 ). Authors are indebted to Almudena Holguín and Nuria Illera for grafting experiments, and to Jesus Martínez and Edilia De Almeida for animal maintenance and care

A combination of experimental and computational methods to study the reactions during a Lignin-First approach

AbstractCurrent pulping technologies only valorize the cellulosic fiber giving total yields from biomass below 50 %. Catalytic fractionation enables valorization of both cellulose, lignin, and, optionally, also the hemicellulose. The process consists of two operations occurring in one pot: (1) solvolysis to separate lignin and hemicellulose from cellulose, and (2) transition metal catalyzed reactions to depolymerize lignin and to stabilized monophenolic products. In this article, new insights into the roles of the solvolysis step as well as the operation of the transition metal catalyst are given. By separating the solvolysis and transition metal catalyzed hydrogen transfer reactions in space and time by applying a flow-through set-up, we have been able to study the solvolysis and transition metal catalyzed reactions separately. Interestingly, the solvolysis generates a high amount of monophenolic compounds by pealing off the end groups from the lignin polymer and the main role of the transition metal catalyst is to stabilize these monomers by transfer hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis reactions. The experimental data from the transition metal catalyzed transfer hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis reactions was supported by molecular dynamics simulations using ReaXFF

Supporting Clean Energy in the ASEAN: Policy Opportunities from Sustainable Aviation Fuels Initiatives in Indonesia and Malaysia

Sustainable aviation fuels is a strategic long-term solution for zero-carbon aviation industry by 2050, thus underscoring the need to accelerate the deployment through reforms in the relevant key areas. Aligned to the agenda, this paper aims to study the policy opportunities for drop-in sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) deployment in the ASEAN by considering the initiatives undertaken. by Indonesia and Malaysia. Four areas are used as coding framework to assess the current status, challenges, and policy opportunities, namely (1) policy, strategy, and reforms; (2) standards and certification system; (3) economic instruments; and (4) international integration. First, the current status and challenges within each country is assessed. Indonesia has shown a more command-and-control approach with an upfront SAF blending mandate. However, it needs to be supported by several compliance measures. Malaysia, on the other hand, has conducted country assessments but no SAF-specific policy has been issued yet. Both countries still lack the economic instruments, while international integration is still relatively under-explored with only limited inter-regional partnerships. As the biggest palm-oil producing countries, Indonesia and Malaysia possess enormous potentials to lead the region in deploying SAF, thus more initiatives are urged

Theoretical Investigations of C–O Activation in Biomass

This thesis focuses on using computational chemistry approaches to study how biobased molecules interact with both homo- and heterogeneous catalysts. The reaction mechanisms of such transformations have also been studied. The first section comprises studies of interactions between organic molecules and a heterogeneous catalyst in the palladium-catalyzed depolymerization of models of lignin derivatives. From experiments, it was proposed that a keto intermediate and its enol tautomer play a significant role in the β-O-4′ bond cleavage. The study in the first section of this thesis has been divided into three parts. First, simplified models of the keto intermediate and its enol tautomer were used to investigate the adsorption to a Pd(111) surface. By using a combination of periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations and a constrained minima hopping method, the most stable adsorption which is the so-called global minimum, was found to be an enol adsorbed to the surface. In the second part, the study was expanded to cope with models of lignin which were used in experiments. In addition, we studied the effect of adsorbate coverage, where two different Pd(111) super cells were compared. The optimizations were performed via dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D3). The molecules were found to bind more strongly to the surface at low coverages. These results support the experimental data and show that the tautomerization has an important role during lignin depolymerization.  The third part relates to using a multilevel procedure to study the interaction of fragments derived from lignin depolymerisation with a palladium catalyst in a solvent mixture. Specifically, QM calculations and MD simulations based on the ReaxFF approach were combined to explore the reaction mechanisms occurring on Pd surfaces with lignin derivatives obtained from a solvolysis reaction. The strongest adsorptions were found to be between the aromatic rings and the Pd surfaces. The second section focuses on a Brønsted acid-catalyzed nucleophilic substitution of the hydroxyl group in alcohols. Experimentally, phosphinic acid (H3PO2) was found to be an excellent catalyst for the direct intramolecular substitution of non-derivatized alcohols proceeding with good to excellent chirality transfer. In this section, benzylic alcohols with internal O-, N-, and S-centered nucleophiles were used in the calculations. By using a hybrid functional method, we found a bicyclic transition state where the proton of the H3PO2 protonates the leaving hydroxyl group, and the oxo-group of the same catalyst partially deprotonates the nucleophile. The transition state energies for the reactions were determined computationally. The calculations support an SN2 mechanism, which corresponds to the experimental data where inversion of the stereogenic carbon was observed.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript.</p

Manajemen Strategi Pembelajaran Blended Learning dalam Pertemuan Tatap Muka Terbatas (PTMT) di MIN 2 Probolinggo

Pandemi COVID-19 sangat berpengaruh pada kehidupan manusia tidak terkecuali dalam dunia pendidikan. Agar memutus rantai penularan virus COVID-19 pemerintah memberikan kebijakan tentang pelaksanaan pembelajaran jarak jauh (PJJ). Namun, kebijakan itu tidak berlaku keseluruh daerah. Wilayah &nbsp;yang tercantum zona hijau diperbolehkan melakukan pembelajaran tatap muka (PTM) namun secara terbatas dengan tetap mematuhi protocol kesehatan. Salah satu strategi yang dilakukan MIN 2 Pobolinggo yakni dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran blended learning yang mana menggunakan pembelajaran online dan pembelajaran tatap muka (PTM). Pentinganya manajemen pembelajaran blended learning di masa New Normal merupakan satu komponen pendidikan yang sangat penting karena yang menjadi input, proses dan output adalah peserta didik. Dalam artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perencanaan dan pelaksanaan strategi pembelajaran blended learning dalam pertemuan tatap muka terbatas di MIN 2 Probolinggo. Peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data yang diperoleh yakni melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam tahap perencanaan, MIN 2 Probolinggo &nbsp;menyiapkan kurikulum darurat dengan mengunakan kurikulum khusus COVID-19 dan menyiapkan sarana dan prasarana. Pada tahap pelaksanaan MIN 2 Probolinggo membentuk sift belajar dan membagi siswa 50% dari kapasitas ruangan. Dalam pembelajaran tatap muka diadakan 2 jam setiap pertemuan. Dalam pembelajaran&nbsp; online MIN 2 Probolinggo menggunakan aplikasi whattsap dan zoom meeting