Pandangan dunia dan konteks upacara dalam Sumazau Penampang, Sazau Papar dan Sumazau Paina Membakut

Secara turun-temurun, kepercayaan terhadap pelbagai semangat baik dan semangat jahat sangat mempengaruhi pandangan dunia (world view) dan kepercayaan etnik Kadazan di Sabah. Pandangan dunia mereka berkonsepkan keharmonian antara alam ghaib dan alam nyata. Daripada pandangan dunia yang sedemikianlah timbulnya konsep ahasu (panas) dan osogit (sejuk). Keadaan ahasu, yang dipercayai sebagai punca kepada penyakit dan masalah lain yang timbul dalam komuniti Kadazan harus disejukkan melalui pelbagai ritual. Kajian ini berasaskan kaedah temu bual dan pemerhatian secara langsung terhadap persembahan ketiga-tiga jenis tarian rakyat etnik Kadazan yang telah dikaji. Kajian ini mendapati Sumazau Penampang, Sazau Papar dan Sumazau Paina Membakut berkait rapat dengan pandangan dunia dan ritual yang dikendalikan oleh bobohizan (pakar upacara etnik Kadazan). Semasa bobohizan mengendalikan sesuatu ritual, tubuhnya akan bergerak-gerak dalam keadaan yang dikenali sebagai menurun. Perbuatan bobohizan sedemikian dikenali sebagai “sumazau”, yang bermaksud menari. Tarian sedemikian dianggap suci kerana etnik Kadazan percaya bahawa pada ketika ini, bobohizan sedang dipimpin oleh semangat dari alam ghaib. Fokus analisis dalam tulisan ini tertumpu kepada makna simbolik di sebalik persembahan ketiga-tiga jenis tarian rakyat etnik Kadazan. Selain itu, kaitan antara tarian, pandangan dunia dan kepercayaan turun-temurun etnik Kadazan turut dibincang. Dengan berbuat demikian, tulisan ini menonjolkan tarian rakyat etnik Kadazan dari segi simbolisme dalam upacara yang tidak banyak dikaji orang

DETERMINAN SOSIAL EKONOMI TENAGA KERJA INFORMAL TERHADAP KEPEMILIKAN JAMINAN KECELAKAAN KERJA DI INDONESIA : SUSENAS 2017

Jumlah tenaga kerja informal lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan tenaga kerja formal di Indonesia. Cakupan kepemilikan jaminan kecelakaan kerja masih sangat rendah sedangkan angka kecelakaan kerja masih cenderung tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan sosial ekonomi kepemilikan jaminan kecelakaan kerja pada tenaga kerja informal di Indonesia. Variabel yang diamati yaitu, umur, jenis kelamin, status pernikahan, keluhan kesehatan, pendidikan, wilayah dan sosial ekonomi/pendapatan tenaga kerja informal. Data yang digunakan adalah  Data Susenas (Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional) tahun 2017 dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi logistik/logit.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara umur, jenis kelamin, status pernikahan, pendidikan, wilayah dan sosial ekonomi/pendapatan tenaga kerja informal terhadap kepemilikan jaminan kecelakaan kerja di Indonesia.

ACCIDENT INSURANCE FOR INFORMAL SECTOR WORKERS IN INDONESIA

Workplace accidents are unwanted and unexpected events that can cause loss of life and property. The Social Security Law in Indonesia mandates that Work Accident Guarantees be mandatory for every workforce in Indonesia. To see how work accident insurance for informal sector workers in Indonesia. This research was carried out by library study method. The subjects of this study are data in the form of articles and several source books related to the theme of the research, namely concerning workplace accidents and social security of informal sector workers in Indonesia. The number of work accidents, especially in the informal sector in Indonesia, still tends to be high, especially in construction work. Policies in the field of occupational health and safety (K3) still focus on formal sector workers rather than informal worker. Keyword: work accident, social security, informal secto

Determinan Sosial Ekonomi Kepemilikan Jaminan Kecelakaan Kerja pada Tenaga Kerja Informal di Indonesia: Analisis Data SUSENAS 2017

AbstrakJumlah tenaga kerja informal lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan tenaga kerja formal di Indonesia. Cakupan kepemilikan jaminan kecelakaan kerja masih sangat rendah sedangkan angka kecelakaan kerja masih cenderung tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan sosial ekonomi kepemilikan jaminan kecelakaan kerja pada tenaga kerja informal di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan analisis bivariat dengan metode maximum likelihood dengan model logit. Data yang digunakan adalah Data Susenas (Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional) tahun 2017 diolah menggunakan stata dengan uji regresi logistic/logit serta dianalisis dengan pendekatan model ekonometri. Variabel yang diamati yaitu, umur, jenis kelamin, status pernikahan, keluhan kesehatan, pendidikan, wilayah dan sosial ekonomi/pendapatan tenaga kerja informal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara wilayah (p =0,0005), umur (p=0,0005), jenis kelamin (p=0,0005), status pernikahan (p=0,001), pendidikan (p=0,0005), dan sosial ekonomi/pendapatan (p=0,0005) tenaga kerja informal terhadap kepemilikan jaminan kecelakaan kerja di Indonesia. Dengan model ekonometri diketahui faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kepemilikan jaminan kecelakaan kerja pada tenaga kerja sektor informal yaitu karakteristik tenaga kerja informal terdiri dari pendidikan (OR 1,94), Umur (OR 1,09), wilayah (OR 1,71) dan pendapatan (OR 1,79). AbstractThe number of informal workers is higher than the formal workforce in Indonesia. The coverage of working accident protection is still very low while the work accident rate still tends to be high. This study aims to determine the socio-economic determinants of employ-ment accident insurance ownership in informal workers in Indonesia. This study used a cross sectional study design with bivariate analysis using the estimation method of maximum likelihood. The Susenas Data (National Socio-Economic Survey) in 2017 is ana-lyzed using logistic/logit regression. The variables observed were age, sex, marital status, health, education, regional complaints, and socio-economic/informal labor income. The results of the study indicated a relationship between region (p=0,0005), age (p=0,0005), sex (p=0,0005), marital status (p=0,001), education (p=0,0005), and socio-economic/income (p=0,0005) in informal labor on em-ployement accident insurance ownership in Indonesia. The econometric model show that the factors that most influence the owner-ship of work accident insurance in the informal sector workforce are informal labor characteristics consisting of education (OR 1.94), Age (OR 1.09), region (OR 1.71), and income (OR 1.79)

Revisits within 48 Hours to a Thai Emergency Department

Objective. Emergency department (ED) revisits are a common ED quality measure. This study was undertaken to ascertain the contributing factors of revisits within 48 hours to a Thai ED and to explore physician-related, illness-related, and patient-related factors behind those revisits. Methods. This study was a chart review from one tertiary care, urban Thai hospital from October 1, 2009, to September 31, 2010. We identified patients who returned to the ED within 48 hours for the same or related complaints after their initial discharge. Three physicians classified revisit as physician-related, illness-related, and patient-related factors. Results. Our study included 172 ED patients' charts. 86/172 (50%) were male and the mean age was 38 ± 5.6 (SD) years. The ED revisits contributing factors were physician-related factors [86/172 (5

Associated Factors of Under and Over-Triage Based on The Emergency Severity Index; a Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Under-triage increases patients’ risks for morbidity and mortality, whereas over-triage limits the resources available to sicker patients. This study aimed to determine the rates as well as associated factors of under-triage and over-triage in emergency department (ED), based on Emergency Severity Index (ESI) triage system. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, triage level of ED patients based on the ESI version 4, was studied during a 9-month period in 2019. Patients’ ESI level, which were examined by triage nurses were reevaluated by 3 emergency physicians and the rate of correct, under-, and over-triage as well as their associated factors were analyzed. Results: 1000 cases of triage were evaluated. Triage was correct in 69.1% of cases. The rate of under-triage was 4.9%, and that of over-triage was 26.0%. Over-triage was significantly more common among patients aged 18–30 years than for those aged ≥65 years (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–2.81; p = 0.026); those with traumatic injuries (adjusted OR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.29–2.52; p = 0.001); those arriving at the hospital during the evening shift (adjusted OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.01–2.0; p = 0.046); patients who were hospitalized (adjusted OR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.22–0.54; p < 0.001); and those with severe pain (adjusted OR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.10–0.84; p = 0.023). Younger age was also significantly associated with under-triage. Patients aged 18–30 years were under-triaged more often than those aged ≥65 years (adjusted OR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.16–8.00; p = 0.023). Conclusions: Over-triage was substantially more common than under-triage in Vajira Hospital. Factors associated with over-triage were younger age, traumatic injury, arrival time, hospital admission, and severe pain. Younger age was the only factor related to under-triage

Boarding of critically Ill patients in the emergency department

ObjectivesEmergency department boarding is the practice of caring for admitted patients in the emergency department after hospital admission, and boarding has been a growing problem in the United States. Boarding of the critically ill has achieved specific attention because of its association with poor clinical outcomes. Accordingly, the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the American College of Emergency Physicians convened a Task Force to understand the implications of emergency department boarding of the critically ill. The objective of this article is to review the U.S. literature on (1) the frequency of emergency department boarding among the critically ill, (2) the outcomes associated with critical care patient boarding, and (3) local strategies developed to mitigate the impact of emergency department critical care boarding on patient outcomes.Data sources and study selectionReview article.Data extraction and data synthesisEmergency department- based boarding of the critically ill patient is common, but no nationally representative frequency estimates has been reported. Boarding literature is limited by variation in the definitions used for boarding and variation in the facilities studied (boarding ranges from 2% to 88% of ICU admissions). Prolonged boarding in the emergency department has been associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation, longer ICU and hospital length of stay, and higher mortality. Health systems have developed multiple mitigation strategies to address emergency department boarding of critically ill patients, including emergency department- based interventions, hospital- based interventions, and emergency department- based resuscitation care units.ConclusionsEmergency department boarding of critically ill patients was common and was associated with worse clinical outcomes. Health systems have generated a number of strategies to mitigate these effects. A definition for emergency department boarding is proposed. Future work should establish formal criteria for analysis and benchmarking of emergency department- based boarding overall, with subsequent efforts focused on developing and reporting innovative strategies that improve clinical outcomes of critically ill patients boarded in the emergency department.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156455/2/emp212107_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156455/1/emp212107.pd

Effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving physical and psychological outcomes of fall-related injuries in people with dementia: a narrative systematic review

Background: The annual prevalence of falls in people with dementia ranges from 47 to 90%. Falls are a common reason for hospital admission in people with dementia, and there is limited research evidence regarding the care pathways experienced by this population. In addition to immediate management of an injury, prevention of further falls is likely to be an important part of any successful intervention. This review aims to assess the effectiveness of interventions for improving the physical and psychological wellbeing of people with dementia who have sustained a fall-related injury. Methods: Systematic review methodologies were employed utilising searches across multiple databases (MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Health Management Information Consortium, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro)) and citation chaining. Studies including people with a known diagnosis of dementia living in the community and who present at health services with a fall, with or without injury, were included. Outcomes of interest included mobility, recurrent falls, activities of daily living, length of hospital stay, and post-discharge residence. Results were independently reviewed and quality assessed by two researchers, and data extracted using a customised form. A narrative synthesis was performed due to heterogeneity of the included studies. Results: Seven studies were included. Interventions clustered into three broad categories: multidisciplinary in-hospital post-surgical geriatric assessment; pharmaceuticals; and multifactorial assessment. Multidisciplinary care and early mobilisation showed short-term improvements for some outcomes. Only an annual administration of zoledronic acid showed long-term reduction in recurrent falls. Conclusions: Due to high heterogeneity across the studies, definitive conclusions could not be reached. Most post-fall interventions were not aimed at patients with dementia and have shown little efficacy regardless of cognitive status. Minor improvements to some quality of life indicators were shown, but these were generally not statistically significant. Conclusions were also limited due to most studies addressing hip fracture; the interventions provided for this type of injury may not be suitable for other types of fractures or soft tissue injuries, or for use in primary care

Climate change and agricultural adaptation in Sri Lanka: a review

Climate change is inevitable and will continue into the next century. Since the agricultural sector in Sri Lanka is one of the most vulnerable to climate change, a thorough understanding of climate transition is critical for formulating effective adaptation strategies. This paper provides an overview of the status of climate change and adaptation in the agricultural sector in Sri Lanka. The review clearly indicates that climate change is taking place in Sri Lanka in terms of rainfall variability and an increase in climate extremes and warming. A number of planned and reactive adaptation responses stemming from policy and farm-level decisions are reported. These adaptation efforts were fragmented and lacked a coherent connection to the national development policies and strategies. Research efforts are needed to develop and identify adaptation approaches and practices that are feasible for smallholder farmers, particularly in the dry zone where paddy and other food crops are predominately cultivated. To achieve the envisaged growth in the agricultural sector, rigorous efforts are necessary to mainstream climate change adaptation into national development policies and ensure that they are implemented at national, regional and local levels