Penerapan Active Learning untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Mahasiswa dalam Mata Kuliah Hukum tata Pemerintahan

Terdapat beberapa alasan yang melatar belakangi perlunya mengkaji penerpan active learning untuk meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa dalam mata kuliah Hukum Tata Pemerintahan, pertama: Kurangnya keaktifan mahasiswa baik dalam mencari materi perkuliahan maupun dalam proses perkuliahan itu sendiri, Kedua: Kegiatan pembelajaran mata kuliah hukum tata pemerintahan yang selama ini dilakukan belum dikembangkan dengan model pembelajaran active learning, sehingga masih terkesan pembelajaran satu arah, Ketiga: Minimnya daya ekplorasi mahasiswa terhadap materi yang disampaikan dalam perkuliahan, sehingga diperlukan strategi pembelajaran yang lebih menarik dan ekspresif agar mahasiswa dapat meningkatkan kapabilitas mereka untuk dapat belajar lebih mudah dan lebih efektif, baik karena pengetahuan yang diperoleh maupun karena penguasaan mereka tentang proses belajar yang lebih baik. Dari beberapa alasan di atas, tulisan ini ingin mengungkap masalah Apakah penerapan model pembelajaran active learning dapat meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa dalam mata kuliah hukum tata pemerintahan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode deskripsi, yaitu dengan menggambarkan fakta-fakta yang ada, kemudian disusun secara logis dan sistematis sehingga menghasilkan suatu gambaran umum proses kegiatan dan hasil pembelajaran (lesson study)dengan penerapan active learning untuk meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa dalam mata kuliah Hukum Tata Pemerintahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan active learning tepat digunakan untuk strategi pembelajaran dalam rangka meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa pada mata kuliah Hukum Tata Pemerintahan, karena dengan adanya proses interaksi aktif di setiap diskusi dalam setiap perkuliahan, mahasiswa diharuskan untuk membaca dan memahami materi pada setiap topik diskusi,sehingga perlahan-lahan keaktifan dan rasa ingin tahu mahasiswa akan muncul, dan keaktifan tersebut akan menjadi budaya akademik yang positif dalam perkuliahan. Sementara rasa ingin tahu yang muncul dari mahasiswa akan membuat mahasiwa memiliki daya eksplorasi yang meningkat terhadap materi perkuliahan, yang diharapkan pada akhirnya mahasiswa akan labih aktif baik dalam mencari materi perkuliahan maupun aktif dalam menyampaikan pendapat dalam setiap diskusi kelompok

THE ABILITY OF A BRAND RECALL TO MEDIATE BETWEEN PRODUCT PLACEMENT AND MULTI-ETHNIC MOVIEGOER’S CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENTIONS

Product placement has been a crucial influence for multi-ethnic Malaysian moviegoers in terms of purchase intentions. This research was conceptualised based on the Tripartite Typology of Product Placement by Russel (1998) and the Planned Behaviour Theory (TPB) by Ajzen (1985). This investigation measured how brand recall mediated the relationship between plot integration, audio stimulus, visual stimulus and consumer purchasing intentions. The research focused primarily on multi-ethnic cinemagoers in Peninsula Malaysia. Past research has also proven that the ethnic background of an individual does have a positive impact on the purchase intentions of the individual. This research studied the purchase intentions of each ethnicity in Peninsular Malaysia to determine if there is a difference among the purchase intentions of respondents when it comes to brand recall mediating the relationship between product placement and the various modalities of product placement. Respondents were sampled from all states within Peninsula Malaysia except for the states of Kelantan and Perlis due to the unavailability of operating cinemas in these states. Respondents were invited to participate after they had watched a movie in the cinema. Preferences only for those who watched Hollywood movies. A total of 513 respondents participated in this research. A questionnaire based on the five-point Likert scale was created as the research instrument to collect data by adapting from past research. A reliability test was done to ascertain the reliability and validity of the instrument. Data obtained was analysed using the Smart Partial Least Squares (PLS) Software to determine the relationship between the hypotheses tested. The results generated have proven that brand recall is able to influence the relationship between plot integration, audio stimulation, visual stimulation and consumer purchase intentions of all the ethnicities in Peninsula Malaysia

Rural road management in Botswana

This paper discusses the management of rural roads in Chobe in Botswana, which are mainly tertiary and access roads. These roads are low-volume roads and mostly gravelled. It was observed that the maintenance management of these roads was based on engineering judgement through visual inspection all over the country, without having any economic or technical analysis. Therefore, a comprehensive pavement management system for rural roads' maintenance is needed in Chobe and also in all the council areas of Botswana, which would consist of data collection, database, use of the Highway Development and Management Model to undertake efficient decision making project preparation, funding, implementation and feedback. A partial implementation of pavement management system in Chobe has been highlighted in this paper. The present analysis reveals that total demand for the road network in Chobe was 41·29 million pula, the backlog was 34·86 million pula and the first-year backlog demand was 20·63 million pula. Furthermore, the analysis found the long-term periodic maintenance strategy for the network at 6·43 million pula when there is no backlog. This huge backlog indicates that roads are not being maintained appropriately. The paper also estimates current road asset value in Chobe at 55·48 million pula. Finally, the paper recommends several solutions for the efficient preservation of road assets in Botswana

Revista Espaço Regional

Serie Revista Espaço Regional 4Apresenta uma série de artigos que exemplificam o escopo da Secretaria de Programas Rionais do Ministério da Integração Nacional em seus programas Promoção da Sustentabilidade de Espaços Sub-Regionais (Promessa), Programa de Desenvolvimento Integrado e Sustentável do SemiÁrido (Conviver) e Programa de Promoção do Desenvolvimento Faixa de Fronteira (PDFF). Aborda as questões de desenvolvimento regional, integração, geologia, juventude rural, população rural, economia solidária, formação para o desenvolvimento, melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pequenos produtores, viticultura, artesanato e turismo, agricultura familiar, autonomia das comunidades rurais, ecologia , indústria de laticínios e desenvolvimento de áreas fronteiriças

Deep-Sea Fish Distribution Varies between Seamounts: Results from a Seamount Complex off New Zealand

Fish species data from a complex of seamounts off New Zealand termed the “Graveyard Seamount Complex’ were analysed to investigate whether fish species composition varied between seamounts. Five seamount features were included in the study, with summit depths ranging from 748–891 m and elevation from 189–352 m. Measures of fish species dominance, rarity, richness, diversity, and similarity were examined. A number of factors were explored to explain variation in species composition, including latitude, water temperature, summit depth, depth at base, elevation, area, slope, and fishing effort. Depth at base and slope relationships were significant with shallow seamounts having high total species richness, and seamounts with a more gradual slope had high mean species richness. Species similarity was modelled and showed that the explanatory variables were driven primarily by summit depth, as well as by the intensity of fishing effort and elevation. The study showed that fish assemblages on seamounts can vary over very small spatial scales, in the order of several km. However, patterns of species similarity and abundance were inconsistent across the seamounts examined, and these results add to a growing literature suggesting that faunal communities on seamounts may be populated from a broad regional species pool, yet show considerable variation on individual seamounts

Depurated fish as an alternative reference for field-based biomarker monitoring

The whole of the Swan-Canning Estuary, in the south-west of Australia, is impacted by human activity, and the selection of a local reference site to assess the impact of environmental contamination on the health of biota is not possible. To determine whether fish depurated under laboratory conditions could be used as an alternative to a reference site; adult black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri) were collected from the estuary and maintained in clean water (S24) for 3 months. A suite of biomarkers of fish health were assessed, and the results were compared with field-captured black bream from three sites within the estuary (Ascot, Claisebrook, and Riverton). Comparisons of a subset of biomarkers were also made between hatchery-bred juvenile fish and the depurated fish. Biomarker levels were up to 3.8 times higher in field captured fish compared with depurated fish, while DNA integrity was lower. EROD activity was comparable in the hatchery-bred black bream to the depurated fish while s-SDH levels were two times higher in the hatchery fish. From the results obtained, field-captured black bream depurated for 3 months are suitable to determine reference/baseline levels for biomarker of health studies in estuarine environments

Pregnancy related anxiety and general anxious or depressed mood and the choice for birth setting:A secondary data-analysis of the DELIVER study

BACKGROUND: In several developed countries women with a low risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth can make choices regarding place of birth. In the Netherlands, these women receive midwife-led care and can choose between a home or hospital birth. The declining rate of midwife-led home births alongside the recent debate on safety of home births in the Netherlands, however, suggest an association of choice of birth place with psychological factors related to safety and risk perception. In this study associations of pregnancy related anxiety and general anxious or depressed mood with (changes in) planned place of birth were explored in low risk women in midwife-led care until the start of labour. METHODS: Data (n = 2854 low risk women in midwife-led care at the onset of labour) were selected from the prospective multicenter DELIVER study. Women completed the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised (PRAQ-R) to assess pregnancy related anxiety and the EuroQol-6D (EQ-6D) for an anxious and/or depressed mood. RESULTS: A high PRAQ-R score was associated with planned hospital birth in nulliparous (aOR 1.92; 95% CI 1.32–2.81) and parous women (aOR 2.08; 95% CI 1.55–2.80). An anxious or depressed mood was associated with planned hospital birth (aOR 1.58; 95% CI 1.20–2.08) and with being undecided (aOR 1.99; 95% CI 1.23–2.99) in parous women only. The majority of women did not change their planned place of birth. Changing from an initially planned home birth to a hospital birth later in pregnancy was, however, associated with becoming anxious or depressed after 35 weeks gestation in nulliparous women (aOR 4.17; 95% CI 1.35–12.89) and with pregnancy related anxiety at 20 weeks gestation in parous women (aOR 3.91; 95% CI 1.32–11.61). CONCLUSION: Low risk women who planned hospital birth (or who were undecided) more often reported pregnancy related anxiety or an anxious or depressed mood. Women who changed from home to hospital birth during pregnancy more often reported pregnancy related anxiety or an anxious or depressed mood in late pregnancy. Anxiety should be adequately addressed in the process of informed decision-making regarding planned place of birth in low risk women

Demersal Fish Assemblages and Spatial Diversity Patterns in the Arctic-Atlantic Transition Zone in the Barents Sea

Direct and indirect effects of global warming are expected to be pronounced and fast in the Arctic, impacting terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. The Barents Sea is a high latitude shelf Sea and a boundary area between arctic and boreal faunas. These faunas are likely to respond differently to changes in climate. In addition, the Barents Sea is highly impacted by fisheries and other human activities. This strong human presence places great demands on scientific investigation and advisory capacity. In order to identify basic community structures against which future climate related or other human induced changes could be evaluated, we analyzed species composition and diversity of demersal fish in the Barents Sea. We found six main assemblages that were separated along depth and temperature gradients. There are indications that climate driven changes have already taken place, since boreal species were found in large parts of the Barents Sea shelf, including also the northern Arctic area. When modelling diversity as a function of depth and temperature, we found that two of the assemblages in the eastern Barents Sea showed lower diversity than expected from their depth and temperature. This is probably caused by low habitat complexity and the distance to the pool of boreal species in the western Barents Sea. In contrast coastal assemblages in south western Barents Sea and along Novaya Zemlya archipelago in the Eastern Barents Sea can be described as diversity “hotspots”; the South-western area had high density of species, abundance and biomass, and here some species have their northern distribution limit, whereas the Novaya Zemlya area has unique fauna of Arctic, coastal demersal fish. (see Information S1 for abstract in Russian)