Aplicação De Gesso E Vinhaça: Atributos Químicos Do Solo, Produtividade E Estado Nutricional Da Alfafa

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the application of phosphogypsum and vinasse on soil chemical properties and productivity and nutritional characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, using a 3×5 factorial arrangement, with three vinasse rates (0, 150 and 300 m3 ha-1) and five phosphogypsum rates (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 Mg ha-1). The alfalfa chemical composition and shoot dry matter (SDW) and soil chemical properties (in the layers 0.0-0.2 and 0.21-0.4 m) were evaluated. The vinasse rates increased the soil potassium contents, while the phosphogypsum rates promoted linear increases in soil calcium and sulfur contents. The base saturation was increased and the magnesium content showed a quadratic response on the layer 0.21-0.4 m with the increase in phosphogypsum rates. The calcium, magnesium and phosphorus contents in the alfalfa leaves were lower with vinasse application. The phosphogypsum rates promoted linear increases in alfalfa SDW. Vinasse rated 150 m3 ha-1 was been enough to SDW increase. Calcium and magnesium contents in the leaves fitted a quadratic model, with maximum calcium content in the phosphogypsum rate of 9.5 Mg ha-1 and the minimum magnesium content in the phosphogypsum rate of 8.7 Mg ha-1. The leaf sulfur contents in all vinasse rates and leaf potassium contents in the highest vinasse rate showed maximum accumulation at near 9 Mg ha-1 of phosphogypsum. © 2017, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arid. All Rights Reserved.30121321

Effect of different extraction conditions on the antioxidant potential of baru almonds (Dipteryx alata Vog.): comparison to common nuts from Brazil

The antioxidant properties and total phenols content of baru almonds (Dipteryx alata Vog.) were investigated using different solvents and extraction temperatures, and were compared with other types of nuts commonly consumed in Brazil. Although baru almonds are popular and widely consumed, few studies report on their biological properties and there are no data on optimum extraction conditions. For this reason, we tested five different extraction methodologies (water and methanol at boiling and room temperature, and water : methanol (1 : 1) at room temperature) on baru almonds, and evaluated the antioxidant properties based on scavenging activity, reducing power and total phenols content. The methanolic extraction at room temperature was the best extraction methodology providing the highest general antioxidant potential. The extraction method selected was applied to several dry fruits: baru almonds (three different samples), peanut, cashew nut, crude cashew nut, macadamia and Brazil nut. Among these nut fruits, baru had the highest antioxidant activity and total phenols content. The results obtained revealed that baru almonds are a good source of bioactive compounds, and have a higher bioactivity than many nut fruits widely distributed, consumed and more popular.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Statistical methods applied to composition studies of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays

The mass composition of high energy cosmic rays above $10^{17}$ eV is a crucial issue to solve some open questions in astrophysics such as the acceleration and propagation mechanisms. Unfortunately, the standard procedures to identify the primary particle of a cosmic ray shower have low efficiency mainly due to large fluctuations and limited experimental observables. We present a statistical method for composition studies based on several measurable features of the longitudinal development of the CR shower such as $N_{max}$, $X_{max}$, asymmetry, skewness and kurtosis. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate the relevance of each parameter in the representation of the overall shower features and a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to combine the different parameters to maximize the discrimination between different particle showers. The new parameter from LDA provides a separation between primary gammas, proton and iron nuclei better than the procedures based on $X_{max}$ only. The method proposed here was successfully tested in the energy range from $10^{17}$ to $10^{20}$ eV even when limitations of shower track length were included in order to simulate the field of view of fluorescence telescopes

Geometrical aspects of isoscaling

The property of isoscaling in nuclear fragmentation is studied using a simple bond percolation model with ``isospin'' added as an extra degree of freedom. It is shown analytically, first, that isoscaling is expected to exist in such a simple model with the only assumption of fair sampling with homogeneous probabilities. Second, numerical percolations of hundreds of thousands of grids of different sizes and with different $N$ to $Z$ ratios confirm this prediction with remarkable agreement. It is thus concluded that isoscaling emerges from the simple assumption of fair sampling with homogeneous probabilities, a requirement which, if put in the nomenclature of the minimum information theory, translates simply into the existence of equiprobable configurations in maximum entropy states

Quality Of Drinking Water Fluoridation Of Capão Bonito, S P, Brazil, Evaluated By Operational And External Controls

Purpose: To evaluate the quality of drinking water fluoridation of Capão Bonito, S P, Brazil, whose optimal fluoride concentration should be between 0.6 to 0.8 ppm F, considering the balance benefits/risks. Methods: Historical records (n=1,964) from 2005 to 2009 of the water treatment plant (operational control) were evaluated. Also, from July 2009 to June 2010, 120 samples of the network water were collected for analysis and the fluoride concentrations found (external control) were compared with records of operational control of the same period. Results: According to the historical records, 76.3% of the samples had acceptable fluoride concentration and this value was confirmed by the external control done during one year, which found that 80.8% of samples were within the optimal range. However, considering the samples out the optimal range, while the records of the operational control showed values below the minimum, the results of the external control found higher percentage of samples above the maximum. Conclusion: The data show the relevance to have a quality control of drinking water fluoridation because at same time the operational control analysis suggests that certain percentage of the population would not be receiving anticaries benefits, the external control indicates that it would be in increased risk of fluorosis. Copyright: © 2011 Olivati et al.;.264285290McDonagh, M.S., Whiting, P.F., Wilson, P.M., Sutton, A.J., Chestnutt, I., Cooper, J.X., Systematic review of water fluoridation (2000) BMJ, 321, pp. 855-859Galagan, D.J., Vermillion, J.R., Determining optimum fluoride concentrations (1957) Public Health Rep, 72, pp. 491-493Frazão, P., Peres, M.A., Cury, J.A., Drinking water quality and fluoride concentration (2011) Rev Saude Publica, 45, pp. 964-973Brasil. Lei Federal n°6.050, de 24/05/1974 (1974) Coleção Das Leis de 1974: Atos do Poder Legislativo: Leis de Abril a Junho, 3, p. 107. , Brasília, DF: Departamento de Imprensa NacionalCatani, D.B., Amaral, R.C., Oliveira, C., Souza, M.L.R., Cury, J.A., Ten years of external control of the fluoride level in public drinking water by Brazilian cities, Brazil, 1996-2006 (in Portuguese) (2008) RGO x, 56, pp. 145-149Panizzi, M., Peres, M.A., Ten years of external control over water fluoridation in Chapecó, Santa Catarina State, Brazil (in Portuguese) (2008) Cad Saúde Pública, 24, pp. 2021-2031Portaria 635 de 26 de Dezembro de 1975. Aprova Normas e Padrões Sobre a Fluoretação da Água de Sistemas Públicos de Abastecimento. Diario Oficial União, , http://189.28.128.100/dab/docs/legislacao/portaria635_26_12_75.pdf, 30 jan. 1976 cited 2006 Jan. 18(2006) National Guideline on Sampling Plan of the Environment Health Vigilance for Assessment of Quality of Water for Human use, , Brazil. Ministry of Health, Brasília, in PortugueseMartínez-Mier, E.A., Cury, J.A., Heilman, J.R., Katz, B.P., Levy, S.M., Li, Y., Maguire, A., Development of gold standard ion-selective electrode-based methods for fluoride analysis (2011) Caries Res, 45, pp. 3-12Moura, M.S., Silva, J.S., Simplício, A.H.M., Cury, J.A., Long-Term Assessment of Fuoride Level of Public Water Supply in Teresina-Piauí (in Portuguese) (2005) Rev Odonto Ciênc, 20, pp. 132-136Ramires, I., Maia, L.P., Rigolizzo, D.S., Lauris, J.L.P., Buzalaf, M.A.R., External control of water supply in Bauru, S P, Brazil (2006) Rev Saúde Pública, 40, pp. 883-889Amaral, R.C., Sousa, M.L.R., Eight months of external control of fluoride levels in the public water supply in Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil (2007) Revista de Odontologia da Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (in Portuguese), 19, pp. 131-136Cury, J.A., Tenuta, L.M., Enamel remineralization: Controlling the caries disease or treating early caries lesions? (2009) Braz Oral Res, 23 (1 SUPPL.), pp. 23-30Bardsen, A., "Risk periods" associated with the development of dental fluorosis in maxillary permanent central incisors: A meta-analysis (1999) Acta Odontol Scand, 57, pp. 247-256Catani, D.B., Hugo, F.N., Cypriano, S., Sousa Mda, L., Cury, J.A., Relationship between fluoride levels in the public water supply and dental fluorosis (2007) Rev Saude Publica, 41, pp. 732-739Catani, D.B., Tenuta, L.M., Andaló, F.A., Cury, J.A., Fluorosis in rats exposed to oscillating chronic fluoride doses (2010) Braz Dent J, 21, pp. 32-37Documento de Consenso Técnico, , http://www.cecol.fsp.usp.br/dcms/fck/file/SeminarioVigifluor2011/ CECOL-USP-ClassificacaoAguasSegundoTeorFluor-DocumentoConsensoTecnico-2011(2). pdf, Classificação de águas de abastecimento público, Acesso em Nov. 1

Influence Of A Cobalt-chromium Metal Framework On Surface Roughness And Knoop Hardness Of Visible Light-polymerized Acrylic Resins

Although visible light-polymerized acrylic resins have been used in removable partial dentures, it is not clear whether the presence of a metal framework could interfere with their polymerization, by possibly reflecting the light and affecting important properties, such as roughness and hardness, which would consequently increase biofilm accumulation. The aim of this study was to compare the roughness and Knoop hardness of a visible light-polymerized acrylic resin and to compare these values to those of water-bath- and microwave-polymerized resins, in the presence of a metal framework. Thirty-six specimens measuring 30.0 x 4.0 ± 0.5 mm of a microwave- (Onda Cryl), a visible light- (Triad) and a water-bath-polymerized (Clássico) (control) acrylic resins containing a cobalt-chromium metal bar were prepared. After processing, specimens were ground with 360 to 1000-grit abrasive papers in a polishing machine, followed by polishing with cloths and 1-μm diamond particle suspension. Roughness was evaluated using a profilometer (Surfcorder SE 1700) and Knoop hardness (Kg/mm 2) was assayed using a microhardness tester (Shimadzu HMV 2000) at distances of 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 μm from the metal bar. Roughness and Knoop hardness means were submitted to two-way ANOVA and compared by Tukey and Kruskal Wallis tests at a 5% significance level Statistically significant differences were found (p<0.05) for roughness and Knoop hardness, with light-polymerized resin presenting the highest values (Ra = 0.11 μm and hardness between 20.2 and 21.4 Kg/mm 2). Knoop values at different distances from the metal bar did not differ statistically (p>0.05). Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it was concluded that the presence of metal did not influence roughness and hardness values of any of the tested acrylic resins.143208212Anusavice, K.J., (2003) Philip's Science of Dental Materials. 11 th Ed., p. 96. , 11 St. Louis: Elsevier ScienceBollen, C.M.L., Lambrechts, P., Quirynen, M., Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention: A review of the literature (1997) Dent Mater, 13 (4), pp. 258-269Borchers, L., Tavassol, F., Tschernitschek, H., Surface quality achieved by polishing and by varnishing of temporary crown and fixed partial denture resins (1999) J Prosthet Dent, 82 (5), pp. 550-556Braun, K.O., Del Bel Cury, A.A., Cury, J.A., Use of microwave energy for processing acrylic resin near metal (1998) Braz Oral Res, 12 (2), pp. 173-180Curtis, D.A., Eggleston, T.L., Marshall, S.J., Watanabe, L.G., Shear bond strength of visible-light-cured resin relative to heat-cured resin (1989) Dental Mater, 5 (7), pp. 314-318De Clerck, J.P., Microwave polymerization of acrylic resins used in dental prosthesis (1987) J Prosthet Dent, 57 (5), pp. 650-658Khan, Z., Von Fraunhofer, J.A., Razavi, R., The staining characteristics, transverse strength, and microhardness of a visible light-cured denture base material (1987) J Prosthet Dent, 57 (3), pp. 384-386Levin, B., Sanders, J.L., Reitz, P.V., The use of microwave energy for processing acrylic resins (1989) J Prosthet Dent, 61 (3), pp. 381-383Ogle, R.E., Sorensen, S.E., Lewis, E.A., A new visible light-cured resin system applied to removable prosthodontics (1986) J Prosthet Dent, 56 (4), pp. 497-506Quirynen, M., Cml, B., Willems, G., Van Steenberghe, D., Comparison of surface characteristics of six commercially pure titanium abutments (1994) JOMI, 9 (1), pp. 71-76Reitz, P.V., Sanders, J.L., Levin, B., The curing of denture acrylic resins by microwave energy. Physical properties (1985) Quintessence Int, 6 (8), pp. 547-551Rodrigues Garcia, R.C.M., Souza Jr., J.A., Rached, R.N., Del Bel Cury, A.A., Effect of denture cleansers on the surface roughness and hardness of a microwave-cured acrylic resin and dental alloys (2004) J Prosthodont, 13 (3), pp. 1-6Rueggeberg, F.A., Goughman, W.F., Curtis Jr., J.W., Effect of light intensity and exposure duration on cure of resin composite (1994) Oper Dent, 19 (1), pp. 26-32Truong, V.T., Thomasz, F.G., Comparison of denture acrylic resins cured by boiling water and microwave energy (1988) Aust Dent J, 33 (3), pp. 201-204Ulusoy, M., Ulusoy, N., Aydin, A.K., An evaluation of polishing technique on surface roughness of acrylic rsins (1986) J Prosthetic Dent, 56 (1), pp. 107-11

Acercamiento a la situacion socioeconomica de las comunidades campesinas del Departamento de Sucre desde la perspectiva del Programa Yuquero

An overview is given of the situation of farm communities in the dept. of Sucre, Colombia, where a cassava drying program operates. The lack of integration of the developmental activities carried out by different institutions is evident, indicating the need for greater participation in district planning. Since a trend to monocrop cassava was observed, more attention should be paid to agricultural diversification. An animal feed industry using dried cassava should be installed. Several technical aspects of agricultural production are also discussed such as mechanization, intercropping, plant density, improved technology, and income. Recommendations are also given regarding the current underutilization of the machinery of the existing agroindustries, the improvement of sanitary conditions in the plants, and the enforcement of basic industrial security measures. Product quality control should be conducted, especially regarding MC. Conditions favoring a greater participation of members in farmer organizations should be sought, in addition to enhanced institutional support in the search for a more integrated approach to regional development. (CIAT)Se presenta una percepcion global de la situacion de las comunidades campesinas del Depto. de Sucre, Colombia, donde se desarrolla un programa de secado de la yuca. Se destaca la falta de integracion de las actividades de desarrollo realizadas por diversas instituciones, lo cual indica la necesidad de una mayor participacion en la planificacion distrital. Puesto que se observo una tendencia al monocultivo de la yuca, se debe prestar mas atencion a la diversificacion agricola. Se sugiere instalar una planta para producir alimentos para animales que aproveche la yuca seca. Se discuten, ademas, varios aspectos tecnicos de la produccion agricola como mecanizacion, cultivos asociados, densidad de siembra, tecnologia mejorada e ingresos. Tambien se presentan recomendaciones sobre la actual subutilizacion de la maquinaria en las agroindustrias existentes, el mejoramiento de los servicios higienicos en las plantas y la implementacion de medidas basicas de seguridad industrial. Se debe efectuar un control de calidad del producto, especialmente en cuanto a CH. Se deben buscar las condiciones para fomentar mayor participacion de los socios en las organizaciones, ademas de incrementar el apoyo institucional en busca de un enfoque mas integrado de desarrollo a nivel regional. (CIAT

Blood Pressure And Cardiac Autonomic Modulation At Rest, During Exercise And Recovery Time In The Young Overweight

This study aimed to assess the blood pressure (BP), cardiac autonomic modulation at rest, in physical exercise and in the recovery in untrained eutrophic (E) and overweight (O) youth. The body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic BP-SBP (E: 109.80 ± 10.05; O: 121.85 ± 6.98 mmHg) and diastolic BP DBP (E: 65.90 ± 7.28; O: 73.14 ± 12.22 mmHg) were higher in overweight and the heart rate recovery (%HRR) was lower as compared with E volunteers. The BMI was associated with SBP (r= 0.54), DBP (r= 0.65), load on the heart rate variability threshold-HRVT (r=-0.46), %HRR2' (r=-0.48) and %HRR 5′ (r=-0.48), and WC was associated with SBP (r= 0.54), DBP (r= 0.64) and HRR2' (r=-0.49). The %HRR was associated to SBP, DBP and HRVT. In summary, the anthropometric variables, BP and cardiac autonomic modulation in the recovery are altered in overweight youth.221273

Heme modulates smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via NADPH oxidase: A counter-regulatory role for heme oxygenase system

AbstractAccumulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in response to inflammatory stimuli is a key event in atherogenesis, which commonly occurs in sinuous vessels with turbulent blood flow what leads to hemolysis and consequent free heme accumulation, a known pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory molecule.In this work, we investigated the effects of free heme on VSMC, and the molecular mechanisms underlying this process.Free heme induces a concentration-dependent migration and proliferation of VSMC which depends on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidase (NADPHox) activity. Additionally, heme activates redox-sensitive proliferation-related signaling routes, such as Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB, and induces Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. NADPHox-dependent proliferative effect of heme seems to be endogenously modulated by HO since the pretreatment of VSMC with HO inhibitors potentiates heme-induced proliferation and, in parallel, increases ROS production. These effects were no longer observed in the presence of heme metabolites, carbon monoxide and biliverdin.The data indicate that VSMC proliferation induced by heme is endogenously modulated by a critical counter-regulatory crosstalk between NADPHox and HO systems