Determinação eletroquímica do pesticida parationa metílica em águas de reservatório por voltametria de redissolução catódica

Methyl parathion is an organophosphorus compound widely used in Brazilian agriculture as antifouling agent. Given its importance, this paper presents the development and application of an electrochemical method for determination of the compound in natural waters. Results obtained during an initial optimization stage demonstrated the suitability of the technique for trace analysis, with limits of detection and quantification of 1.3 µg L-1 and 4.3 µg L-1, respectively. Samples were collected from the Jabiberi River (Tobias Barreto, State of Sergipe) and were shown to contain methyl parathion concentrations of 96.9 µg L-1 (location 1) and 34.7 µg L-1 (location 2). These measurements are indicative of levels of contamination above those permitted by Brazilian legislation (CONAMA). Hence, in addition to assisting in the validation of the electroanalytical method as a tool for pesticide analysis, the results highlight the need for regulation and control of pesticide levels in natural waters

Effects of Fluoride on Submandibular Glands of Mice: Changes in Oxidative Biochemistry, Proteomic Profile, and Genotoxicity

Although fluoride (F) is well-known to prevent dental caries, changes in cell processes in different tissues have been associated with its excessive exposure. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of F exposure on biochemical, proteomic, and genotoxic parameters of submandibular glands. Twenty one old rats (n = 30) were allocated into three groups: 60 days administration of drinking water containing 10 mgF/L, 50 mgF/L, or only deionized water (control). The submandibular glands were collected for oxidative biochemistry, protein expression profile, and genotoxic potential analyses. The results showed that both F concentrations increased the levels of thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and changed the proteomic profile, mainly regarding the cytoskeleton and cellular activity. Only the exposure to 50 mgF/L induced significant changes in DNA integrity. These findings reinforce the importance of continuous monitoring of F concentration in drinking water and the need for strategies to minimize F intake from other sources to obtain maximum preventive/therapeutic effects and avoid potential adverse effects

Effects of long-term fluoride exposure are associated with oxidative biochemistry impairment and global proteomic modulation, but not genotoxicity, in parotid glands of mice

Fluoride has become widely used in dentistry because of its effectiveness in caries control. However, evidence indicates that excessive intake interferes with the metabolic processes of different tissues. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term exposure to F on the parotid salivary gland of mice, from the analysis of oxidative, proteomic and genotoxic parameters. The animals received deionized water containing 0, 10 or 50 mg/L of F, as sodium fluoride, for 60 days. After, parotid glands were collected for analysis of oxidative biochemistry, global proteomic profile, genotoxicity assessment and histopathological analyses. The results revealed that exposure to fluoride interfered in the biochemical homeostasis of the parotid gland, with increased levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species and reduced glutathione in the exposed groups; as well as promoted alteration of the glandular proteomic profile in these groups, especially in structural proteins and proteins related to oxidative stress. However, genotoxic assessment demonstrated that exposure to fluoride did not interfere with DNA integrity in these concentrations and durations of exposure. Also, it was not observed histopathological alterations in parotid gland

IMPACTOS DA CIRURGIA ROBÓTICA NA PRÁTICA CLÍNICA

  Robotic surgery has emerged as a significant innovation in modern clinical practice. This article aims to conduct a systematic review of the current medical literature on the impacts of robotic surgery in clinical practice, following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The research was conducted in the databases PubMed, Cochrane, SciELO, and BVS, covering the last five years (2018-2023). The search strategy included terms such as "simulation," "medical education," and "robotic surgical procedures." The results indicate that robotic surgery has shown significant benefits in various aspects. Firstly, surgical precision is notably increased, which contributes to the reduction of intraoperative and postoperative complications. Additionally, patients undergoing robotic procedures tend to have a shorter recovery time, allowing for a quicker return to daily activities. Another relevant point is the improvement in the learning curve of surgeons. The simulation and medical education associated with robotic surgery provide a safer and more controlled training environment, allowing surgeons to develop complex skills more efficiently. It is concluded that robotic surgery represents a significant advancement in surgical practice, offering benefits for both patients and healthcare professionals. Increased precision, reduced complications, and shorter recovery times are some of the main positive points highlighted in recent literature. Furthermore, the improvement in the learning curve of surgeons contributes to the growing adoption of this technology in various surgical procedures.A cirurgia robótica tem se destacado como uma inovação significativa na prática clínica moderna. Este artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura médica vigente sobre os impactos da cirurgia robótica na prática clínica, seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). A pesquisa foi conduzida nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane, SciELO e BVS, abrangendo os últimos cinco anos (2018-2023). A estratégia de busca incluiu termos como "simulação", "educação médica" e "procedimentos cirúrgicos robóticos". Os resultados indicam que a cirurgia robótica tem mostrado benefícios significativos em diversos aspectos. Primeiramente, a precisão cirúrgica é notavelmente aumentada, o que contribui para a redução de complicações intraoperatórias e pós-operatórias. Além disso, os pacientes submetidos a procedimentos robóticos tendem a apresentar um tempo de recuperação mais curto, permitindo um retorno mais rápido às atividades diárias. Outro ponto relevante é a melhoria na curva de aprendizado dos cirurgiões. A simulação e a educação médica associadas à cirurgia robótica proporcionam um ambiente de treinamento mais seguro e controlado, permitindo que os cirurgiões desenvolvam habilidades complexas de maneira mais eficiente. Conclui-se que a cirurgia robótica representa um avanço significativo na prática cirúrgica, oferecendo benefícios tanto para os pacientes quanto para os profissionais de saúde. A precisão aumentada, a redução de complicações e o tempo de recuperação mais curto são alguns dos principais pontos positivos destacados na literatura recente. Além disso, a melhoria na curva de aprendizado dos cirurgiões contribui para a adoção crescente dessa tecnologia em diversos procedimentos cirúrgicos

Whole-genome sequencing of 1,171 elderly admixed individuals from Brazil

As whole-genome sequencing (WGS) becomes the gold standard tool for studying population genomics and medical applications, data on diverse non-European and admixed individuals are still scarce. Here, we present a high-coverage WGS dataset of 1,171 highly admixed elderly Brazilians from a census-based cohort, providing over 76 million variants, of which ~2 million are absent from large public databases. WGS enables identification of ~2,000 previously undescribed mobile element insertions without previous description, nearly 5 Mb of genomic segments absent from the human genome reference, and over 140 alleles from HLA genes absent from public resources. We reclassify and curate pathogenicity assertions for nearly four hundred variants in genes associated with dominantly-inherited Mendelian disorders and calculate the incidence for selected recessive disorders, demonstrating the clinical usefulness of the present study. Finally, we observe that whole-genome and HLA imputation could be significantly improved compared to available datasets since rare variation represents the largest proportion of input from WGS. These results demonstrate that even smaller sample sizes of underrepresented populations bring relevant data for genomic studies, especially when exploring analyses allowed only by WGS

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

O perfil semiológico do paciente portador de hemorragia digestiva alta

OBJETIVO: O seguinte estudo objetivou descrever a semiologia do paciente portador de hemorragia digestiva alta, considerando como determinante na avaliação de potencias focos hemorrágicos. METODOLOGIA: Foram realizadas buscas nas plataformas do SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus e Google Scholar,utilizando os descritores gastrointestinal bleeding, peptic ulcerous disease e varicose hemorrhage, sendo identificados 35 estudos, dos quais foram incluídos 13 artigos completos. Desses estudos, 5 avaliaram as principais etiologias, 2 o surgimento de novos testes diagnósticos, 2 analisaram os aspectos epidemiológicos e 1 a sintomatologia apresentada pelo acometimento da hemorragia digestiva alta. Observou-se inicialmente a abundâncias de informações conceituais sobre o sangramento, como um transtorno clínico comum, acompanhada de inúmeras manifestações, considerando que o foco hemorrágico pode ocorrer em qualquer porção do trato gastrointestinal. Neste estudo, todas as publicações eleitas apresentaram o quadro semiológico composto por algia abdominal, indícios de choque hipovolêmico e taquicardia, alguns exibiram quedas abruptas da pressão arterial, odinofagia, êmese, náuseas e estado ictérico. Os pacientes implicados, cronicamente, já manifestaram ocorrências prévias, devido ao caráter recidivante torna-se essencial investigar a existência de varizes, fístula aorto-entérica, angiodisplasia e doença ulcerosa. CONCLUSÃO: Elucida-se que a hemorragia digestiva alta representa a principal causa de sangramento do trato gastrointestinal, majoritamente manifesta-se como hematêmese ou melena e cursam com o quadro sintomatológico que auxilia na avaliação da gravidade deste e o embasamento de potenciais focos de sangramento e que contribuam para disseminação de informações e intervenções futuras