Determinación de parámetros atmosféricos procedentes de medidas de irradiancia espectral para su aplicación en modelos de calidad del aire

Con el objetivo de investigar los procesos de la radiaciónultravioleta (UV) en la atmósfera y su impacto en la calidad del aire se ha dotado a la Estación de Observación de la Atmósfera de Santiago de Compostela (EOAS) de un radiómetro multifiltro, que proporciona medidas espectrales de irradiancia en seis longitudes de onda dentro del espectro UV.Basándose en los trabajos de Stamnes et al. (1991) yDahlback (1996) y mediante la aplicación de un modelode transferencia radiativa, se ha desarrollado un procedimientopara la determinación de los valores de columna total de ozono y de columna de agua líquida, de interés como parámetros de entrada en modelos de calidad del aire.Los resultados obtenidos han sido validados utilizando distintas metodologías, dependiendo del parámetro derivado. En todos los casos, las tendencias de los valores estimados mediante la metodología descrita concuerdan con las obtenidas a partir de los parámetros de contraste empleados

Medidas operativas derivadas de un radiómetro GUV2511 multirango

Ponencia presentada en: XXIX Jornadas Científicas de la AME y el VII Encuentro Hispano Luso de Meteorología celebrado en Pamplona, del 24 al 26 de abril de 2006

Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variability of the PAR/GHI Ratio and PAR Modeling Based on Two Satellite Estimates

The main objectives of this work are to address the analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of the ratio between photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and global horizontal irradiance (GHI), as well as to develop PAR models. The analysis was carried out using data from three stations located in mainland Spain covering three climates: oceanic, standard Mediterranean, and continental Mediterranean. The results of this analysis showed a clear dependence between the PAR/GHI ratio and the location; the oceanic climate showed higher values of PAR/GHI compared with Mediterranean climates. Further, the temporal variability of PAR/GHI was conditioned by the variability of clearness index, so it was also higher in oceanic than in Mediterranean climates. On the other hand, Climate Monitoring Satellite Facility (CM-SAF) and Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data were used to estimate PAR as a function of GHI over the whole territory. The validation with ground measurements showed better performance of the MODIS-estimates-derived model for the oceanic climate (root-mean-square error (RMSE) around 5%), while the model obtained from CM-SAF fitted better for Mediterranean climates (RMSEs around 2%)This work was funded by the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO) [Project CGL2016-79284-P AEI/FEDER/UE and F.F.-C. was founded by PhD Contract Number BES-2017-082043]S

Particle methods parallel implementations by GP-GPU strategies

This paper outlines the problems found in the parallelization of SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) algorithms using Graphics Processing Units. Different results of some parallel GPU implementations in terms of the speed-up and the scalability compared to the CPU sequential codes are shown. The most problematic stage in the GPU-SPH algorithms is the one responsible for locating neighboring particles and building the vectors where this information is stored, since these specific algorithms raise many difficulties for a data-level parallelization. Because of the fact that the neighbor location using linked lists does not show enough data-level parallelism, two new approaches have been proposed to minimize bank conflicts in the writing and subsequent reading of the neighbor lists. The first strategy proposes an efficient coordination between CPU-GPU, using GPU algorithms for those stages that allow a straight forward parallelization, and sequential CPU algorithms for those instructions that involve some kind of vector reduction. This coordination provides a relatively orderly reading of the neighbor lists in the interactions stage, achieving a speed-up factor of x47 in this stage. However, since the construction of the neighbor lists is quite expensive, it is achieved an overall speed-up of x41. The second strategy seeks to maximize the use of the GPU in the neighbor’s location process by executing a specific vector sorting algorithm that allows some data-level parallelism. Although this strategy has succeeded in improving the speed-up on the stage of neighboring location, the global speed-up on the interactions stage falls, due to inefficient reading of the neighbor vectors. Some changes to these strategies are proposed, aimed at maximizing the computational load of the GPU and using the GPU texture-units, in order to reach the maximum speed-up for such codes. Different practical applications have been added to the mentioned GPU codes. First, the classical dam-break problem is studied. Second, the wave impact of the sloshing fluid contained in LNG vessel tanks is also simulated as a practical example of particle methods

SAGA: sistema de apoyo a la decisión para la gestión de la calidad del aire

Ponencia presentada en: XXIX Jornadas Científicas de la AME y el VII Encuentro Hispano Luso de Meteorología celebrado en Pamplona, del 24 al 26 de abril de 2006

Environmental problems and Geographic education. A case study: Learning about the climate and landscape in Ontinyent (Spain)

Cultural perceptions of the environment bring us back to elements and factors guided by 'natural' cause-effect principles. It seems that academic education has had little effect on the manner and results of learning about changes in the local landscape, especially as regards rational explanations. There is considerable difficulty relating academic concepts about the climate to transformations in the environmental landscape. Teaching tasks are mediatized due to the use of rigorous and precise concepts which facilitate functional and satisfactory learning. This is the objective of the research this article aims to undertake, for which we have chosen the case of Ontinyent (Spain). This research will include two parts: the first aims to identify problems in geographical education of the climate, and the second applies to didactic suggestions for improvement. Methodologically, this study involves qualitative, non-experimental, research-oriented toward change, which purports to understand the educational reality. Our sample included a total of 431 students. Moreover, a semi-structured interview, conducted with teachers in schools and universities in Ontinyent, was organized. Fourteen teachers were interviewed, including two who participated as research professors in the action-research method. The study revealed that students' conceptual and stereotypical errors, in the different educational stages, vary according to the type (climate, weather, climate change, landscape) and stage (Primary, Secondary, University). They are persistent and continuous, given that they are repeated and appear anchored in the ideas and knowledge development of students regarding the problems and the study of the climate throughout their education

La simulación meteorológica en el estudio del origen alóctono del ozono troposférico en zonas rurales del norte de Galicia

Ponencia presentada en: XXIX Jornadas Científicas de la AME y el VII Encuentro Hispano Luso de Meteorología celebrado en Pamplona, del 24 al 26 de abril de 2006.La existencia de períodos con elevados niveles de ozono troposférico en el norte de Galicia durante situaciones anticiclónicas es un fenómeno relativamente común en la época estival. Se presenta el análisis de uno de estos episodios, a partir del estudio de las condiciones sinópticas y locales, con apoyo de simulaciones meteorológicas y datos históricos de calidad de aire

Sistemas de control suplementario de la contaminación atmosférica

Texto dispoñible en galego e españolOs sistemas de control suplementario da contaminación atmosférica, baseados en efectuar cambios nas condicións de operación para reduci-las emisións atmosféricas en condicións meteorolóxicas adversas, permiten evita-la aparición de episodios significativos de alteración da calidade do ar. Para que estes sistemas sexan eficaces necesítase dispoñer de ferramentas de predicción concibidas como elementos de apoio da toma de decisións para a operación das instalacións. A central térmica de As Pontes-Endesa implantou dous sistemas de predicción, desenvolvidos mediante proxectos de investigación en colaboración coa Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Por un lado, o Sistema de Predicción Estatística de Inmisión (SIPEI), que realiza prediccións a moi curto prazo (media e unha hora) utilizando modelos orientados ó receptor a partir dos datos da rede de vixilancia, e que foi desenvolvido polo Departamento de Estatística e Investigación Operativa. Por outro lado, o Sistema de Apoio para a Xestión da Calidade do Ar (SAGA), que realiza prediccións a medio prazo (24 horas) utilizando un modelo de difusión atmosférica a partir de datos de predicción meteorolóxica e de emisións e que foi desenvolvido polos Departamentos de Enxeñería Química e de Física da Materia Condensada. Actualmente, continúan as actividades de optimización e de adaptación dos sistemas ás novas directivas de calidade do ar, dispoñendo de cofinanciamento da Xunta de GaliciaAtmospheric Pollution Supplementary Control Systems work changing conditions of operation to reduce atmospheric emissions in unfavourable meteorological conditions and avoid quality air level episodes. Prediction tools are necessary to make these systems effective. These prediction tools have to be designed as help elements in decision making. The As Pontes-Endesa power plant has two different prediction systems developed during investigation projects in cooperation with the University of Santiago de Compostela. On the one hand, an Statistic Prediction System (SIPEI) gives forecasts with short horizon (half an hour and an hour). It uses models directed to the receptor with data from Vigilance Network. It has been developed by the Department of Statistics and Operation Research. On the other hand, an Air Quality Management Assessment System gives forecasts with middle horizon (24 hours). It uses an atmospheric diffusion model with data from meteorological predictions and emissions. It has been developed by the Department of Chemistry Engineering and the Department of Condensed Matter PhysicsLos sistemas de control suplementario de la contaminación atmosférica, basados en efectuar cambios en las condiciones de operación para reducir las emisiones atmosféricas en condiciones meteorológicas adversas, permiten evitar la aparición de episodios significativos de alteración de la calidad del aire. Para que estos sistemas sean eficaces se necesita disponer de herramientas de predicción concebidas como elementos de apoyo a la toma de decisiones para la operación de las instalaciones. La central térmica As Pontes-Endesa ha implantado dos sistemas de predicción, desarrollados mediante proyectos de investigación en colaboración con la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Por un lado, el Sistema de Predicción Estadística de Inmisión (SIPEI), que realiza predicciones a muy corto plazo (media y una hora) utilizando modelos orientados al receptor a partir de los datos de la red de vigilancia y que ha sido desarrollado por el Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa. Por otro lado, el Sistema de Apoyo para la Gestión de la Calidad del Aire (SAGA), que realiza predicciones a medio plazo (24 horas) utilizando un modelo de difusión atmosférica a partir de datos de predicción meteorológica y de emisiones y que ha sido desarrollado por los Departamentos de Ingeniería Química y de Física de la Materia Condensada. Actualmente, continúan las actividades de optimización y de adaptación de los sistemas a las nuevas directivas de calidad del aire, disponiendo de cofinanciación de la Xunta de GaliciaS

The moderating effect of sex and age on the pattern of body image by pre-adolescents and adolescents and its relationship with the time they spend doing sports

[Abstract] The cult of the body has become a universal phenomenon, and many adolescents feel frustrated and disappointed with their own bodies for not matching the prevailing beauty standards. An empirical-quantitative cross-sectional investigation was carried out to understand perspectives of body image among Spanish youngsters of both sexes in three evolutionary substages (pre-adolescence, early adolescence, and middle adolescence) in the four factors that make up the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire adapted to Spanish pre-adolescents and adolescents (MBSRQ-SA-a) and their relationship with the time that they spend partaking in extracurricular sports. The results show that both boys and girls do not consider physical activity as an instrument to improve health. On the other hand, girls differ from boys regarding a more unstable and convulsive pattern of body image, characterized by a disconnect between physical activity and satisfaction with body image, where weight loss diets could acquire greater relevance. This research demonstrates two things: first, that the MBSRQ-SA-a is a valid instrument to assess the body image pattern of adolescents, and second, that it opens the possibility of being able to identify adolescents who are at risk (physical, psychological, social); therefore, it is also capable of helping to prevent dramatic results and protecting the Sustainable Personal Development of adolescents

Modeling photosynthetically active radiation from satellite-derived estimations over mainland Spain

A model based on the known high correlation between photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and global horizontal irradiance (GHI) was implemented to estimate PAR from GHI measurements in this present study. The model has been developed using satellite-derived GHI and PAR estimations. Both variables can be estimated using Kato bands, provided by Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM-SAF), and its ratio may be used as the variable of interest in order to obtain the model. The study area, which was located in mainland Spain, has been split by cluster analysis into regions with similar behavior, according to this ratio. In each of these regions, a regression model estimating PAR from GHI has been developed. According to the analysis, two regions are distinguished in the study area. These regions belong to the two climates dominating the territory: an Oceanic climate on the northern edge; and a Mediterranean climate with hot summer in the rest of the study area. The models obtained for each region have been checked against the ground measurements, providing correlograms with determination coefficients higher than 0.99This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO) [Project CGL2016-79284-P AEI/FEDER/UE]S