61 research outputs found
Tuberculosis/HIV/AIDS coinfection in Porto Alegre, RS/Brazil - invisibility and silencing of the most affected groups
OBJECTIVE: To analyze how belonging to certain social groups contributes to constituting the vulnerabilities associated with illnesses due to tuberculosis/HIV/AIDS coinfection. METHODOLOGYThis is a qualitative study carried out in the city of Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, in regions of high social vulnerability. Twenty coinfected people were interviewed in specialized health services between August and December 2016. The analysis was based on the frameworks The Sound of Silence and Vulnerability and Human Rights. RESULTS: Socioeconomic conditions were decisive for the constitution of the vulnerability conditions. Processes of people invisibilization, and the silencing of their voices, in a scenario marked by economic, racial and gender inequalities, contributed for their health needs not to be understood and effectively taken into account in the services actions. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The more effective strategies are to legitimize voices and to understand the needs of those affected by coinfection, the greater the chances that programmatic responses to the problem will be successful
Two decades of tuberculosis in a city in Northeastern Brazil: advances and challenges in time and space
PrĂĄtica do abortamento entre adolescentes: um estudo em dez escolas de MaceiĂł (AL, Brasil)
Effect of root canal filling techniques on the bond strength of epoxy resin-based sealers
Organization and training at national level of antimicrobial stewardship and infection control activities in Europe: an ESCMID cross-sectional survey
Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and Infection prevention and control (IPC) are two key complementary strategies that combat development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. The ESGAP (ESCMID Study Group for AMS), EUCIC (European Committee on Infection Control) and TAE (Trainee Association of ESCMID) investigated how AMS and IPC activities and training are organized, if present, at national level in Europe. From February 2018 to May 2018, an internet-based cross-sectional survey was conducted through a 36-item questionnaire, involving up to three selected respondents per country, from 38 European countries in total (including Israel), belonging to the ESGAP/EUCIC/TAE networks. All 38 countries participated with at least one respondent, and a total of 81 respondents. Education and involvement in AMS programmes were mandatory during the postgraduate training of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases specialists in up to one-third of countries. IPC was acknowledged as a specialty in 32% of countries. Only 32% of countries had both guidance and national requirements regarding AMS programmes, in contrast to 61% for IPC. Formal national staffing standards for AMS and IPC hospital-based activities were present in 24% and 63% of countries, respectively. The backgrounds of professionals responsible for AMS and IPC programmes varied tremendously between countries. The organization and training of AMS and IPC in Europe are heterogeneous and national requirements for activities are frequently lacking
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Measurement of the production cross section for a W boson in association with a charm quark in protonâproton collisions at âs=13TeV
Data Availability:
This manuscript has no associated data or the data will not be deposited. [Authorsâ comment: Release and preservation of data used by the CMS Collaboration as the basis for publications is guided by the CMS policy as stated in https://cms-docdb.cern.ch/cgi-bin/PublicDocDB/RetrieveFile?docid=6032 &filename=CMSDataPolicyV1.2.pdf &version=2. CMS data preservation, re-use and open access policy].A preprint version of the article is available at arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.02285 .The strange quark content of the proton is probed through the measurement of the production cross section for a W boson and a charm (c) quark in protonâproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV . The analysis uses a data sample corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 138 fb-1 collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The W bosons are identified through their leptonic decays to an electron or a muon, and a neutrino. Charm jets are tagged using the presence of a muon or a secondary vertex inside the jet. The W + c production cross section and the cross section ratio Rc±=Ï(W++cÂŻ)/Ï(W-+c) are measured inclusively and differentially as functions of the transverse momentum and the pseudorapidity of the lepton originating from the W boson decay. The precision of the measurements is improved with respect to previous studies, reaching 1% in Rc±=0.950±0.005(stat)±0.010(syst) . The measurements are compared with theoretical predictions up to next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics.SCOAP
Biodiversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in South America: A Review
Identification of species is crucial in understanding how diversity changes affect ecosystemic processes. Particularly, soil microbial are key factors of ecosystemic functioning .Among soil microbes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, phylum Glomeromycota) are worldwide distributed and form symbiotic associations with almost 80% of the vascular plants of the earth, except for one species, Geosiphon pyriformis, which associates with the cyanobacteria Nostoc. AMF comprise around 300 morphologically defined or 350â1000 molecularly defined taxa. Since AMF associate with aboveground community, their occurrence and composition can influence ecosystemic processes either through affecting plant community composition and thus its processes rates, or soil microbial communities, which are directly involved in nutrient cycling. Soil microorganisms are considered a potentially suitable target for studying regional and local effects on diversity. The symbiosis with AMF not only increases nutrient uptake by the plant of mainly phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in exchange for plant-assimilated carbon (C), but also improves the tolerance of plants to various biotic and abiotic stresses such as pathogens, salinity, and drought
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Search for light Higgs bosons from supersymmetric cascade decays in pp collisions at âs=13TeV
A search is reported for pairs of light Higgs
bosons (H1) produced in supersymmetric cascade decays in
f
inal states with small missing transverse momentum. A data
set of LHC pp collisions collected with the CMS detector
at âs = 13TeV and corresponding to an integrated lumi
nosity of 138fbâ1 is used. The search targets events where
both H1 bosons decay into bÂŻb pairs that are reconstructed
as large-radius jets using substructure techniques. No evi
dence is found for an excess of events beyond the back
ground expectations of the standard model (SM). Results
from the search are interpreted in the next-to-minimal super
symmetric extension of the SM, where a âsinglinoâ of small
mass leads to squark and gluino cascade decays that can pre
dominantly end in a highly Lorentz-boosted singlet-like H1
andasinglino-likeneutralinoofsmalltransversemomentum.
Upperlimitsaresetontheproductofthesquarkorgluinopair
production cross section and the square of the bÂŻb branching
fraction of the H1 in a benchmark model containing almost
mass-degenerategluinosandlight-flavoursquarks.Underthe
assumption of an SM-like H1 â bÂŻb branching fraction, H1
bosonswithmassesintherange40â120GeVarisingfromthe
decays of squarks or gluinos with a mass of 1200â2500GeV
are excluded at 95% confidence level.SCOA
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Measurement of the differential ttÂŻ production cross section as a function of the jet mass and extraction of the top quark mass in hadronic decays of boosted top quarks
Data Availability:
This manuscript has no associated data or the data will not be deposited. [Authorsâ comment: Release and preservation of data used by the CMS Collaboration as the basis for publications is guided by the CMS policy as stated in https://cms-docdb.cern.ch/cgibin/PublicDocDB/RetrieveFile?docid=6032 &filename=CMSDataPolicyV1.2.pdf &version=2.]A measurement of the jet mass distribution in hadronic decays of Lorentz-boosted top quarks is presented. The measurement is performed in the lepton + jets channel of top quark pair production (ttÂŻ
) events, where the lepton is an electron or muon. The products of the hadronic top quark decay are reconstructed using a single large-radius jet with transverse momentum greater than 400GeV
. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collisions and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138fbâ1
. The differential ttÂŻ
production cross section as a function of the jet mass is unfolded to the particle level and is used to extract the top quark mass. The jet mass scale is calibrated using the hadronic W boson decay within the large-radius jet. The uncertainties in the modelling of the final state radiation are reduced by studying angular correlations in the jet substructure. These developments lead to a significant increase in precision, and a top quark mass of 173.06±0.84GeV.SCOAP
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