Plan estratégico de CRM con componente TI en el Sena Regional Risaralda para las empresas reguladas

El principal objetivo del Sena es dinamizar las relaciones entre la institución y las empresas reguladas (empresas que por ley deben patrocinar la formación académica de los aprendices) y, es este el punto de partida, es decir, ir a la búsqueda de la efectividad de estrategias que optimicen los servicios del CRM en el Sena, empleando componentes TI en la atención de clientes internos y externos de la institución.The main objective of the Seine is to boost relations between the institution and regulated companies (companies that by law must sponsor the academic training of apprentices) and, this is the starting point, that is, go to the search for the effectiveness of strategies that optimize CRM services in the Seine, using IT components in the care of internal and external clients of the institutionUniversidad Libre Seccional Pereira - Facultad de Ingenierias - Maestría en mercade

Enskog kinetic theory for a model of a confined quasi-two-dimensional granular fluid

The Navier-Stokes transport coefficients for a model of a confined quasi-two-dimensional granular gas of smooth inelastic hard spheres are derived from the Enskog kinetic equation. A normal solution to this kinetic equation is obtained via the Chapman-Enskog method for states close to the local homogeneous state. The analysis is performed to first order in spatial gradients, allowing the identification of the Navier-Stokes transport coefficients associated with the heat and momentum fluxes. The transport coefficients are determined from the solution to a set of coupled linear integral equations analogous to those for elastic collisions. These integral equations are solved by using the leading terms in a Sonine polynomial expansion. The results are particularized to the relevant state with stationary temperature, where explicit expressions for the Navier-Stokes transport coefficients are given in terms of the coefficient of restitution and the solid volume fraction. The present work extends to moderate densities previous results [Brey et al. Phys. Rev. E 91, 052201 (2015)] derived for low-density granular gases

Solubility, aggregation and stability of Amphotericin B drug in pure organic solvents: Thermodynamic analysis and solid form characterization.

The solubility of amphotericin B (AmB) has been studied between temperatures of 298-343 K in a range of pure organic solvents including methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, and 1,4-dioxane. The initial solid form used in solubility determinations has been characterized by a series of techniques including powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Pure AmB melts at 444.5 K with an associated enthalpy of fusion of 177.2 kJ/mol. The equilibrated solids in suspension have been characterized by SEM and PXRD and additionally, the equilibrated saturated solutions have been characterized by in-situ UV-vis to probe the saturation and the aggregation state of AmB. In the explored solvents, in terms of mass ratio, the solubility has been found to be remarkably low, decreasing in the order: ethanol > tetrahydrofuran > butanol ≃ 1,4-dioxane ≃ isopropanol > acetone. The relative order of solubility obtained in the alcohols correlates well with their polarity, revealing important interactions of the solvents' hydroxyl group with the polyol chain and the micosamine sugar carboxylic moiety of amphotericin B. Except in dioxane and isopropanol, the obtained Van't Hoff enthalpies of solution reveal an inverse proportionality to the experimental molar fraction solubility values obtained experimentally, indicating a larger energy requirement to solvate AmB molecules. Aggregation of AmB in the equilibrated solutions was not detected in any of the solvents studied yet HPLC analyses revealed that the API degraded in methanol during the equilibration time for the solubility determinations

Equilibrium conversion, selectivity and yield optimization of the simultaneous liquid-phase etherification of isobutene and isoamylenes with ethanol over Amberlyst 35

A prospective study on the product distribution at chemical equilibrium for the simultaneous liquid-phase etherification of isobutene and isoamylenes with ethanol over Amberlyst¿ 35 is presented. Experiments were performed isothermally in a 200 cm3 stirred tank batch reactor operating at 2.0 MPa. Initial molar ratios of alcohol/olefins and isobutene/isoamylenes ranged both from 0.5 to 2, and temperature from 323 to 353 K. Reactants equilibrium conversion, selectivities and yields toward products were clearly affected by the experimental conditions. Experimental etherification yields have been modeled using the response surface methodology (RSM), combined with the stepwise regression method to include only the statistically significant variables into the model. The multiobjective optimization (MOO) of etherification yields has been carried out numerically, by means of the desirability function approach, and graphically, by using the overlaid contour plots (OCP). Optimal conditions for the simultaneous production of ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) and tert-amyl ethyl ether (TAEE) have been found to be at low temperatures (323 to 337 K) and initial molar ratio alcohol/olefins close to 0.9 and isobutene/isoamylenes close to 0.5

Catalytic activity dependence on morphological properties of acidic ion-exchange resins for the simultaneous ETBE and TAEE liquid-phase synthesis

The simultaneous liquid-phase synthesis of 2-ethoxy-2-methylpropane (ETBE) and 2-ethoxy-2-methylbutane (TAEE) has been studied over fifteen commercial acidic ion-exchange resins. Kinetic experiments were carried out in a batch reactor at T = 335 K and initial molar ratios of alcohol to olefins (R°A/O) and between olefins (R°C4/C5) of 1.1 and 1, respectively. The catalytic activity, measured as intrinsic initial etherification rates, has been found to decrease in the order: Amberlyst¿ 35 > Amberlyst¿ 48 > Purolite® CT-275 > Amberlyst¿ 15 > Purolite® CT-175 > Amberlyst¿ 40 > Amberlyst¿ 36 > Amberlyst¿ 16 > Purolite® CT-482 > Amberlyst¿ 39 > Amberlyst¿ DT > Amberlyst¿ 45 > Purolite® CT-124 > Purolite® MN-500 > Amberlyst¿ 46. This catalytic activity rank is related to the morphological properties of the resins in both dry and swollen states. The ratio of acid capacity to specific volume of the swollen polymer has been found to be the main catalyst properties that determine their activity: the higher the ratio, the higher the activity

Kinetic modeling of the simultaneous etherification of ethanol with C4 and C5 olefins over Amberlyst 35 using model averaging

A kinetic study on the simultaneous liquid-phase etherification of ethanol with isobutene (IB), 2-methyl-1-butene (2M1B) and 2-methyl-2-butene (2M2B) catalyzed by Amberlyst¿ 35 to form ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) and tert-amyl ethyl ether (TAEE) is presented. Isothermal experimental runs were carried out in a stirred tank batch reactor in the temperature range 323-353 K at 2.0 MPa, starting from different initial concentrations. Obtained reaction rates were free of catalyst load, internal, and external mass transfer effects. Mathematical fitting of a series of systematically originated models, model selection, and model averaging procedures were applied to find the best model and to draw conclusions about the reaction mechanism. The selected model involves a saturated catalytic surface with the participation of two active sites in etherification reactions and one active site in isoamylenes isomerization. Apparent activation energies for ETBE formation from IB and EtOH, TAEE formation from 2M1B and EtOH, TAEE formation from 2M2B and EtOH, and double bond isomerization between 2M1B and 2M2B were 72.8±1.4, 74.9±2.8, 81.2±2.2 and, 76.5±7.2 kJ/mol, respectively. The alkenes with the double bond in terminal position were more reactive towards EtOH than 2M2B, with the double bond in internal position

MODELO DE TURISMO SOSTENIBLE PARA LA NO DEPENDENCIA PETROLERA EN EL YASUNí

Ecuador tiene una de las reservas naturales más grandes e importantes del mundo y de las comunidades internacionales;   la Reserva Yasuní­ que comprende 982.000 hectáreas de bosque húmedo tropical, bosque inundado, pantanos, rí­os, lagunas, por lo que es de suma importancia preservar este ecosistema ya que contiene la mayor diversidad genética en el mundo, también contiene una gran variedad de especies, haciéndolo superior a cualquier otro ecosistema.En el 2007, el Estado Ecuatoriano presentó la iniciativa Yasuní­ ITT en el debate de las Naciones Unidas, en el que se propuso dejar 850 millones de barriles de crudo bajo el subsuelo del bloque petrolero Ishpingo Tambococha Tiputini. Esta actividad significaba una pérdida económica para el paí­s de aproximadamente unos 7.000 millones de dólares, por lo que el gobierno demanda a la comunidad internacional a una compensación de 3.500 millones de dólares por no emitir a la atmosfera más de 400 millones de masas de carbono y por los beneficios que esto genera a todo el planeta.Según investigaciones se puedo evidenciar que si existen los recursos naturales y materiales necesarios para realizar esta actividad, mediante una operación organizada por parte del Turista y de las organizaciones a cargo como el Ministerio de Turismo. En esta región se cuenta con transporte, hospedaje, restaurantes, tours certificados por el MINTUR, el cual permite realizar un recorrido del lugar de forma responsable y segura para el turista y los habitantes del Parque Nacional Yasuní­, respetando así­ el Ecosistema y la cultura de los pobladores.Es por ello que se ve la importancia de estudiar el modelo de desarrollo sostenible en cuanto al turismo en el Parque Nacional Yasuní­ como estrategia factible para la no dependencia petrolera en el desarrollo económico del paí­s, lo cual se realizará mediante la búsqueda de información existente sobre dicho tem

Vortex solitons of the discrete Ginzburg-Landau Equation

We have found several families of vortex soliton solutions in two-dimensional discrete dissipative systems governed by the cubic-quintic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation. There are symmetric and asymmetric solutions, and some of them have simultaneously two different topological charges. Their regions of existence and stability are determined. Additionally, we have analyzed the relation- ship between dissipation and stability for a number of solutions. We have obtained that dissipation favours the stability of the solutions.Comment: 7 pages, 11 figure

Role of ion-exchange resins in hydrogenation reactions

The role of ion-exchange resins (IERs) as catalysts or catalysts supports, in hydrogenation reactions is revised and their potential application is presented. Both gel-type and macroreticular, basic or acid, IERs have been used for manifold metal-catalyzed hydrogenation processes in gas and liquid phase, including hydrogenation of alkenes, alkynes, carbonyls, arenes, nitroaromatics, and more. When available, qualitative relationships between the morphology and structure of resins and their performance as solid supports for metal catalysts are observed. Noble metals, such as Pt, Au, and Pd, and non-noble metals, such as Fe and Cu, have been introduced into IERs polymeric backbones by simple ion-exchange of a metal salt precursor with the resin, or by a combination of ion-exchange and other protocols, to obtain mono- and bimetallic catalysts supported on IERs. High yields towards target product, as well as the recyclability of metal-doped IERs, have been reported in the literature, with low metal leaching, which makes them highly interesting solid catalysts for a wide array of industrial applications. Multistep reaction processes, involving hydrogenation and hydration/cyclization/aldol condensation/etc., constitute promising applications due to the one-pot synthesis approach and relatively low temperatures required, which adds environmental interest in terms of process integration and optimization

Propuesta de un repertorio de canciones y actividades para el correcto trabajo de las voces blancas en alumnos de primer ciclo básico

Tesis (Profesor de Educación Musical para la Educación Preescolar y Básica, Licenciado en Educación)Esta investigación es una propuesta de repertorio y su aplicación para el correcto trabajo de las voces blancas en alumnos de primer ciclo básico. Es una investigación de enfoque cualitativo y responde a un tipo de investigación-acción, en la cual, mediante intervenciones en terreno, se realizó un diagnóstico y una evaluación final, después de intervenciones en aula, a partir de las que se reflejó una gran mejora en el manejo vocal de los alumnos en aspectos como afinación, entonación, dinámicas, justeza rítmica, entre otros. El trabajo fue realizado mediante un repertorio de canciones y actividades adecuadas para el primer ciclo básico, en las que se consideraron diversos criterios, tanto para la elección de canciones como para las evaluaciones diagnóstica y final. Debido a los resultados positivos alcanzados, se pretende que este repertorio de canciones y actividades de vocalizos y ejercicios de respiración puedan ayudar tanto a profesores que no son especialistas como a profesores que sí lo son y quieran implementar trabajos vocales en los cursos en donde la voz blanca predomina, esto también es una ayuda para que los establecimientos educacionales puedan considerarlo como repositorio musical.This research is a repertoire proposal for the correct work of white voices in students in the first basic cycle. It is a qualitative research and responds to a type of action research, in which, through field interventions, a diagnosis and a final evaluation were made, after classroom interventions, which reflect a great improvement in the vocal management of the students after the applied work, this improvement is in aspects such as tuning, intonation, dynamics, rhythmic fairness, among others. The aforementioned work was carried out through a repertoire of songs and activities suitable for the first basic cycle, in which various criteria were considered, both for the choice of songs and for the diagnostic and final evaluations. Due to the positive results to which reference is made, it is intended that this repertoire of songs and activities of vocalists and breathing exercises can help both non-specialist teachers and professors who are and want to implement vocal work in the courses where the white voice predominates, this is also an aid so that educational establishments can consider it as a musical repository