До проблематики підвищення ефективності діяльності підприємства на інноваційних засадах

У статті розглянуто теоретико-прикладні аспекти підвищення ефективності діяльності підприємства на інноваційних засадах. Досліджено значення інноваційної діяльності підприємств для забезпечення економічного зростання національної економіки та окреслено значення у підвищенні ефективності функціонування підприємства таких інноваційних процесів, як освоєння нових видів продукції, впровадження нових технологічних процесів і методів організації виробництва. Наведено найважливіші фактори створення цілісного та ефективного господарського механізму адаптації підприємств до умов ринку та запропоновано подальшу розробку комплексу теоретико-сетодичних питань щодо підвищення ефективної діяльності підприємств на інноваційних засадах. В статье рассмотрены теоретико-прикладные аспекты повышения эффективности деятельности предприятия на инновационной основе. Исследовано значение инновационной деятельности предприятий для обеспечения экономического роста национальной экономики, очерчено значение в повышении эффективности функционирования предприятия таких инновационных процессов, как освоение новых видов продукции, внедрение новых технологических процессов и методов организации производства. Приведены важнейшие факторы создания целостного и эффективного хозяйственного механизма адаптации предприятий к условиям регулируемого рынка и предложена дальнейшая разработка комплекса теоретических и методических вопросов по повышению эффективной деятельности предприятий на инновационных основаниях

Розвиток дистанційної освіти як елемент інноваційного процесу науково-освітньої діяльності в реаліях сучасності

Опис розвитку дистанційної освіти як елементу інноваційного процесу науково-освітньої діяльності в реаліях сучасност

Scalar extensions of triangulated categories

Given a triangulated category over a field $K$ and a field extension $L/K$, we investigate how one can construct a triangulated category over $L$. Our approach produces the derived category of the base change scheme $X_L$ if the category one starts with is the bounded derived category of a smooth projective variety $X$ over $K$ and the field extension is finite and Galois. We also investigate how the dimension of a triangulated category behaves under scalar extensions.Comment: 15 pages, comments welcom

Gas-permeable ethylene bags for the small scale cultivation of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 and other viruses in embryonated chicken eggs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) are sometimes used for the primary isolation or passage of influenza viruses, other viruses, and certain bacteria. For small-scale experiments with pathogens that must be studied in biosafety level three (BSL3) facilities, inoculated ECE are sometimes manipulated and maintained in small egg incubators within a biosafety cabinet (BSC). To simplify the clean up and decontamination of an egg incubator in case of egg breakage, we explored whether ethylene breather bags could be used to encase ECE inoculated with pathogens. This concept was tested by determining embryo survival and examining virus yields in bagged ECE.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Virus yields acceptable for many applications were attained when influenza-, alpha-, flavi-, canine distemper-, and mousepox viruses were propagated in ECE sealed within ethylene breather bags.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>For many small-scale applications, ethylene breather bags can be used to encase ECE inoculated with various viruses.</p

Essential versus accessory aspects of cell death: recommendations of the NCCD 2015

Cells exposed to extreme physicochemical or mechanical stimuli die in an uncontrollable manner, as a result of their immediate structural breakdown. Such an unavoidable variant of cellular demise is generally referred to as ‘accidental cell death’ (ACD). In most settings, however, cell death is initiated by a genetically encoded apparatus, correlating with the fact that its course can be altered by pharmacologic or genetic interventions. ‘Regulated cell death’ (RCD) can occur as part of physiologic programs or can be activated once adaptive responses to perturbations of the extracellular or intracellular microenvironment fail. The biochemical phenomena that accompany RCD may be harnessed to classify it into a few subtypes, which often (but not always) exhibit stereotyped morphologic features. Nonetheless, efficiently inhibiting the processes that are commonly thought to cause RCD, such as the activation of executioner caspases in the course of apoptosis, does not exert true cytoprotective effects in the mammalian system, but simply alters the kinetics of cellular demise as it shifts its morphologic and biochemical correlates. Conversely, bona fide cytoprotection can be achieved by inhibiting the transduction of lethal signals in the early phases of the process, when adaptive responses are still operational. Thus, the mechanisms that truly execute RCD may be less understood, less inhibitable and perhaps more homogeneous than previously thought. Here, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death formulates a set of recommendations to help scientists and researchers to discriminate between essential and accessory aspects of cell death

Human genetics in troubled times and places

Abstract The development of human genetics world-wide during the twentieth century, especially across Europe, has occurred against a background of repeated catastrophes, including two world wars and the ideological problems and repression posed by Nazism and Communism. The published scientific literature gives few hints of these problems and there is a danger that they will be forgotten. The First World War was largely indiscriminate in its carnage, but World War 2 and the preceding years of fascism were associated with widespread migration, especially of Jewish workers expelled from Germany, and of their children, a number of whom would become major contributors to the post-war generation of human and medical geneticists in Britain and America. In Germany itself, eminent geneticists were also involved in the abuses carried out in the name of ‘eugenics’ and ‘race biology’. However, geneticists in America, Britain and the rest of Europe were largely responsible for the ideological foundations of these abuses. In the Soviet Union, geneticists and genetics itself became the object of persecution from the 1930s till as late as the mid 1960s, with an almost complete destruction of the field during this time; this extended also to Eastern Europe and China as part of the influence of Russian communism. Most recently, at the end of the twentieth century, China saw a renewal of government sponsored eugenics programmes, now mostly discarded. During the post-world war 2 decades, human genetics research benefited greatly from recognition of the genetic dangers posed by exposure to radiation, following the atomic bomb explosions in Japan, atmospheric testing and successive accidental nuclear disasters in Russia. Documenting and remembering these traumatic events, now largely forgotten among younger workers, is essential if we are to fully understand the history of human genetics and avoid the repetition of similar disasters in the future. The power of modern human genetic and genomic techniques now gives a greater potential for abuse as well as for beneficial use than has ever been seen in the past