10 research outputs found

    What motivates and hinders municipal adaptation policy? Exploring vertical and horizontal diffusion in Hessen and Finland

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    Municipalities across the globe are seeking to adapt to increasing climate change impacts, such as heavy rainfall, drought, heat waves, and floods. An important question is how to support the diffusion of innovations in local adaptation policy-making. Responses often lack consideration of the diversity of municipalities and their varying needs and capacities. This article addresses this gap by analysing how internal and external motivations for and barriers to adaptation policy and diffusion vary across municipalities of different sizes in the federal State of Hessen in Germany and in Finland. Hessen and Finland have comparable population sizes and settlement structures, but their municipalities are embedded in different multilevel governance architectures and climatic geographies. The analysis builds on quantitative data from two independent surveys among Hessian and Finnish municipalities. The results show that while there are similarities and some differences among the motivations, with municipalities in Hessen focusing more on extreme weather events and Finnish municipalities more on well-being, the barriers are strikingly similar, focusing on lack of resources as well as unclear responsibilities of different governance levels and within municipalities. Size is an important factor determining the adaptation needs and capacities of municipalities in both surveys. The findings highlight the need for a clearer adaptation governance framework, support from the closest governance level and more resources, but also context-sensitive policy support that has been discussed in theory and practice

    What motivates and hinders municipal adaptation policy? Exploring vertical and horizontal diffusion in Hessen and Finland

    Get PDF
    Municipalities across the globe are seeking to adapt to increasing climate change impacts, such as heavy rainfall, drought, heat waves, and floods. An important question is how to support the diffusion of innovations in local adaptation policy-making. Responses often lack consideration of the diversity of municipalities and their varying needs and capacities. This article addresses this gap by analysing how internal and external motivations for and barriers to adaptation policy and diffusion vary across municipalities of different sizes in the federal State of Hessen in Germany and in Finland. Hessen and Finland have comparable population sizes and settlement structures, but their municipalities are embedded in different multilevel governance architectures and climatic geographies. The analysis builds on quantitative data from two independent surveys among Hessian and Finnish municipalities. The results show that while there are similarities and some differences among the motivations, with municipalities in Hessen focusing more on extreme weather events and Finnish municipalities more on well-being, the barriers are strikingly similar, focusing on lack of resources as well as unclear responsibilities of different governance levels and within municipalities. Size is an important factor determining the adaptation needs and capacities of municipalities in both surveys. The findings highlight the need for a clearer adaptation governance framework, support from the closest governance level and more resources, but also context-sensitive policy support that has been discussed in theory and practice

    SÀÀ- ja ilmastoriskit Suomessa - Kansallinen arvio

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    TĂ€hĂ€n raporttiin on koottu ajantasainen arvio sÀÀn ja ilmaston aiheuttamista riskeistĂ€ eri toimialoille Suomessa. Arviossa otettiin huomioon sekĂ€ muuttuvan ilmaston ettĂ€ yhteiskunnallisen kehityksen vaikutus riskin muodostumiseen nykyhetkessĂ€ ja tulevaisuudessa. SÀÀ- ja ilmastoriskejĂ€ pyrittiin hahmottamaan vaaratekijĂ€n (riskiĂ€ aiheuttava sÀÀilmiö), altistumisen (riskin kohteen sijainti) ja haavoittuvuuden (riskin kohteen ominaisuudet) yhdistelmĂ€nĂ€. SÀÀilmiöt aiheuttavat Suomessa riskejĂ€ jo nykyilmastossa. Muun muassa rajuilmat, helleaallot ja rankkasateet aiheuttavat taloudellisia ja terveydellisiĂ€ vaikutuksia sekĂ€ yleistĂ€ haittaa. Tulevaisuudessa riskit muuttuvat ilmastonmuutoksen muuttaessa haitallisia sÀÀilmiöitĂ€. Ilmastonmuutos tuo vĂ€hitellen kasvavia riskejĂ€ erityisesti ekosysteemeille ja infrastruktuurille. Muualla maailmalla tapahtuvat ilmastonmuutoksen vaikutukset voivat heijastua epĂ€suorasti Suomeen globaalien tavara-, energia-, raha- ja ihmisvirtojen kautta. NĂ€iden riskien systemaattinen arviointi on vasta aloitettu. Raportin tavoitteena on tukea yhteiskunnan riskeihin varautumista ja ilmastonmuutokseen sopeutumista eri hallinnon tasoilla ja toimialoilla. Arvio perustuu pÀÀosin kirjallisuudesta löytyviin tutkimuksiin ja selvityksiin sekĂ€ asiantuntija-arvioihin. Työ tehtiin “SÀÀ- ja ilmastoriskien arviointi ja toimintamallit” (SIETO)- hankkeessa vuosina 2017–2018

    Expansion of Agriculture in Northern Cold-Climate Regions: A Cross-Sectoral Perspective on Opportunities and Challenges

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    Agriculture in the boreal and Arctic regions is perceived as marginal, low intensity and inadequate to satisfy the needs of local communities, but another perspective is that northern agriculture has untapped potential to increase the local supply of food and even contribute to the global food system. Policies across northern jurisdictions target the expansion and intensification of agriculture, contextualized for the diverse social settings and market foci in the north. However, the rapid pace of climate change means that traditional methods of adapting cropping systems and developing infrastructure and regulations for this region cannot keep up with climate change impacts. Moreover, the anticipated conversion of northern cold-climate natural lands to agriculture risks a loss of up to 76% of the carbon stored in vegetation and soils, leading to further environmental impacts. The sustainable development of northern agriculture requires local solutions supported by locally relevant policies. There is an obvious need for the rapid development of a transdisciplinary, cross-jurisdictional, long-term knowledge development, and dissemination program to best serve food needs and an agricultural economy in the boreal and Arctic regions while minimizing the risks to global climate, northern ecosystems and communities

    TyöelÀmÀ digimurroksessa : jatkuvaa oppimista vai teknostressiÀ?

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    TÀssÀ luvussa tarkastelemme teknostressin ilmiötÀ suomalaisessa työelÀmÀssÀ. Tutkimusaineisto (N=1032), johon tÀmÀ luku pohjautuu, kerÀttiin strukturoidulla verkkokyselyllÀ vuoden 2020 alussa. MÀÀrÀllinen aineisto analysoitiin hyödyntÀmÀllÀ yksi- ja kaksisuuntaista varianssianalyysiÀ sekÀ lineaarista regressiota. Avointen vastausten analysointiin sovelsimme teoriaohjaavaa sisÀllönanalyysiÀ. Tulokset osoittavat, ettÀ työpaikoilla koetaan teknostressiÀ. Teknostressin kokemukseen olivat työntekijÀn omien asenteiden ja osaamisen lisÀksi yhteydessÀ organisaation toimintaympÀristö oppimisen ja kehittymisen mahdollisuuksineen. Tulevaisuudessa on syytÀ kiinnittÀÀ huomiota erityisesti työelÀmÀn digitaitojen kohentamiseen. Digitalisoituvassa työelÀmÀssÀ tarvitaan ennen kaikkea tarve- ja tilanne kohtaisesti adaptoituvia oppimisen ja kehittymisen mahdollisuuksia. Esittelemme tutkimustulosten pohjalta neljÀ pÀÀteemaa, joita vahvistamalla voidaan lieventÀÀ teknostressiÀ ja siten lisÀtÀ työhyvinvointia: 1) jatkuvan oppimisen ja kehittymisen mahdollisuudet, 2) yhteisöllisyys, 3) tiedon jakaminen sekÀ 4) sujuvien puitteiden luominen työnteolle. Kuvaamamme tutkimuksen kÀytÀnnöllinen ja yhteiskunnallinen kontribuutio kytkeytyvÀt organisaatioiden työhyvinvoinnin kehittÀmiseen. Vaikuttavuutta voidaan arvioida potentiaalisten työhyvinvoinnin vaikutusten valossa. Teoreettisena kontribuutiona syntyi teknostressin, jatkuvan oppimisen ja työhyvinvoinnin kysymysten yhteen kietoutumista kuvaava malli. Tutkimusta on rahoittanut työsuojelurahasto (190154).peerReviewe

    Silver-Decorated TiO2 Inverse Opal Structure for Visible Light-Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants and Hydrogen Evolution

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    TiO2 inverse opal (TIO) structures were prepared by the conventional wet chemical method, resulting in well-formed structures for photocatalytic activity. The obtained structures were functionalized with liquid flame spray-deposited silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The nanocomposites of TIO and AgNPs were extensively characterized by various spectroscopies such as UV, Raman, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined with microscopic methods such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution TEM. The characterization confirmed that high-quality heterostructures had been fabricated with evenly and uniformly distributed AgNPs. Fabrication of anatase TiO2 was confirmed, and formation of AgNPs was verified with surface plasmon resonant properties. The photocatalytic activity results measured in the gas phase showed that deposition of AgNPs increases photocatalytic activity both under UVA and visible light excitation; moreover, enhanced hydrogen evolution was demonstrated under visible light.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe
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