Проблемы повышения плодородия кислых почв Томской области

The paper reveals the experimental results of long-term agroecological monitoring of agricultural land, conducted by Tomsk state agrochemical service, and experiments on designing the measures to improve efficiency of acidic arable land. In Tomsk region, 83% of arable land is acidic and the degree of acidity increases annually. Every 10 years weighted average pH is reduced on 0.1-0.2 units; the area of acidic soils increases. There is an urgent need for liming these soils in order to improve efficiency of agricultural production in Tomsk region. According to the calculations, the region requires 3,248 million tons of chalky flour. The region has its own large deposits of limestone, for example Kamenskoe (61 million tons), located 50 km from Tomsk, where it is possible to produce valuable meliorant, increasing efficiency of agricultural production. The authors make case, that for successful development of agricultural production in Tomsk region, it is necessary to design and implement long-term target program “Chalking of acid soils in Tomsk region”, which assumes compensation for agricultural producers for the part of the cost of liming; design and technical support of works; local production of limestone meliorants. Implementation of the acidic soil liming program will increase annual crop production in Tomsk region on 54.9 - 129.2 thousand tons of grain units, therefore it will increase annual income on 494.1 - 1162.8 million rubles (in 2017 prices), as well as ensure further increase in agricultural land fertility with high fertilizer efficiency, product quality and profitability.Представлены результаты анализа многолетних данных агроэкологического мониторинга земель сельскохозяйственного назначения, проводимого Томской государственной агрохимической службой, и научных опытов для разработки мер, повышающих эффективность использования кислых пахотных земель. В Томской области 83 % пахотных земель являются кислыми и степень их кислотности ежегодно увеличивается – каждые 10 лет средневзвешенная рН снижается на 0,1–0,2 единицы, а также увеличивается площадь кислых почв. Имеется острая необходимость известкования данных почв для повышения эффективности сельскохозяйственного производства в Томской области. По расчетам, известняковой муки требуется 3,248 млн т. В области имеются свои большие месторождения известняка, например Каменское (61 млн т), расположенное в 50 км от г. Томска, где возможна добыча ценного мелиоранта, существенно поднимающего эффективность сельскохозяйственного производства. Для успешного развития сельскохозяйственного производства Томской области необходимы разработка и принятие долгосрочной целевой программы «Известкование кислых почв на территории Томской области», предусматривающей компенсацию сельхозтоваропроизводителям части затрат на известкование; проектно-сметное и техническое обеспечение работ; местное производство известняковых мелиорантов. Выполнение программы известкования кислых почв позволит увеличить ежегодное производство продукции растениеводства в Томской области на 54,9–129,2 тыс. т зерновых единиц, что приведет к увеличению ежегодного дохода на 494,1–1162,8 млн руб. (в ценах 2017 г.), а также обеспечит дальнейшее увеличение продуктивности земель сельскохозяйственного назначения с повышением эффективности удобрений, качества продукции и рентабельности производства

Measurement of dijet photoproduction for events with a leading neutron at HERA

Differential cross sections for dijet photoproduction and this process in association with a leading neutron, e+ + p -> e+ + jet + jet + X (+ n), have been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 40 pb-1. The fraction of dijet events with a leading neutron was studied as a function of different jet and event variables. Single- and double-differential cross sections are presented as a function of the longitudinal fraction of the proton momentum carried by the leading neutron, xL, and of its transverse momentum squared, pT^2. The dijet data are compared to inclusive DIS and photoproduction results; they are all consistent with a simple pion-exchange model. The neutron yield as a function of xL was found to depend only on the fraction of the proton beam energy going into the forward region, independent of the hard process. No firm conclusion can be drawn on the presence of rescattering effects.Comment: 40 pages, 18 figure

TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES AND POSSIBILITIES IN SURGICAL PROPHYLAXIS OF INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS DURING THE PHACOEMULSIFICATION OF THE AGE-RELATED CATARACT IN EYES WITH A SHORT AXIAL LENGTH

Purpose. To study initially unfavorable technical features of intraoperative phacoemulsification (PE) difficulties of the age-related cataract in eyes with a short axial length and a search of possibilities to overcome them.Material and methods. Nuances of PE performance of the agerelated cataract were analyzed in 89 eyes with a short axial length as well as their long-term results. The nuclear form of cataract, the increased density of a lens nucleus prevailed. The PE technique: technology of small cuts, implantation of the flexible IOL, the torsion mode of ultrasound. There was carried out a detailed evaluation of technical features of PE performance. The follow-up was 3 years.Results. There were revealed following adverse features of PE performance: an increased risk of insertion of the iris root because of a shallow anterior chamber; dense and large nuclei of lenses, an increased frequency of capsular bag incompetence, a frequent combination with a deep eyeball location in the orbit and prominent superciliary arches. Conclusion. The techniques used by us to overcome the increased risk of intraoperative complications included: a blepharostat application with a built-in aspiration system, the torsion mode of ultrasound (OZIL) with an increase of vacuum up to 600mmHg and an aspiration irrigation flow up to 42-50ml/min, an additional sealing of the cut with the DisCoVisc viscoelastic, a minimization of liquid volume injected into the sub-capsular space, an application of the technique for an incomplete cracking of nucleus (by 3/4 of its depth)

Clinical assessment of frequency and structure of subepithelial fibroplasias of a cornea after a photorefractive keratectomy in patients with refraction anomalies

Purpose: To investigate the frequency and structure of a subepithelial fibroplasia of a cornea after photorefractive keratectomy concerning myopia correction.Methods: 170 patients (337 eyes) with the following refraction anomalies: stationary myopia from 1.5 to 13.0 D with astigmatism from 0.75 to 4.25 D. Frequency of survey in the postoperative period — in 1, 3, 6, 12 months. To all patients Dexamethasone instillation according to the decreasing scheme was carried out. Existence of biomicroscopic signs of any degrees of subepithelial fibroplasias of a cornea, existence and extent of loss of uncorrected visual acuity in comparison with initial, regress of refractive effect of operation were taped. Subjective estimation of quality of vision was made by patients in 1 year after operations.Results: Subepithelial fibroplasias with intensity 1.0‑2.5 points stopped in whole or in part after additional treatment, were surveyed as clinically significant and made 4,75 % (16 eyes, 9 patients). Terms of their emergence: from 1 to 10 months after operation. At 3 patients (6 eyes) intensity of fibroplasias made 2.0‑2.5 points before treatment and 1.0‑2.5 points after it. To the observation extremity 7 patients from this group had visual complaints, a discomfort in an eye. Indicators of Subjective estimation of quality of vision in patients with clinically significant fibroplasias of a cornea varied from 5 to 2.9 points.Conclusion: Frequency of clinically significant fibroplasias after photorefractive keratectomy made 4.75 %. After treatment theirintensity made 1.5‑2.5 points only in 4 eyes (2 patients)