Temporal variations of the 100 keV trapped protons observed on satellite Explorer 26 during first half of 1965

Temporal variations of 100 keV to 1700 keV trapped protons from data recorded by scintillation counter on Explorer 26 - Jan. 29, 1965 - June 29, 196

Functional diagnostics using fresh uncultured lung tumor cells to guide personalized treatments

Functional profiling of a cancer patient's tumor cells holds potential to tailor personalized cancer treatment. Here, we report the utility of fresh uncultured tumor-derived EpCAM(+) epithelial cells (FUTCs) for ex vivo drug response interrogation. Analysis of murine Kras mutant FUTCs demonstrates pharmacological and adaptive signaling profiles comparable to subtype-matched cultured cells. By applying FUTC profiling on non-small cell lung cancer patient samples, we report robust drug-response data in 19 of 20 cases, with cells exhibiting targeted drug sensitivities corresponding to their oncogenic drivers. In one of these cases, an EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma patient refractory to osimertinib, FUTC profiling is used to guide compassionate treatment. FUTC profiling identifies selective sensitivity to disulfiram and the combination of carboplatin plus etoposide, and the patient receives substantial clinical benefit from treatment with these agents. We conclude that FUTC profiling provides a robust, rapid, and actionable assessment of personalized cancer treatment options.Peer reviewe

“Needed but lacked”: Exploring demand- and supply-side determinants of access to cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for the lay public in China

BackgroundDespite years of public cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training efforts, the training rate and survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have increased modestly in China. Access is imperative to increase the public CPR training rate, which is determined by both demand- (e.g., the lay public) and supply-side (e.g., CPR trainers) factors. We aimed to explore the demand and supply determinants of access to CPR training for the lay public in China.MethodsQualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 77 laypeople (demand side) and eight key stakeholders from CPR training institutions (supply side) in Shanghai, China. The interview guide was informed by Levesque et al. healthcare access framework. Data were transcribed, quantified, described, and analyzed through thematic content analysis.ResultsOn the demand side, the laypeople's ability to perceive their need and willingness for CPR training was strong. However, they failed to access CPR training mainly due to the lack of information on where to get trained. Overestimation of skills, optimism bias, and misconceptions impeded laypeople from attending training. On the supply side, trainers were able to meet the needs of the trainees with existing resources, but they relied on participants who actively sought out and registered for training and lacked an understanding of the needs of the public for marketing and encouraging participation in the training.ConclusionInsufficient information and lack of initiative on the demand side, lack of motivation, and understanding of public needs on the supply side all contributed to the persistently low CPR training rate in China. Suppliers should integrate resources, take the initiative to increase the CPR training rate, innovate training modes, expand correct publicity, and establish whole-process management of training programs

ESC Joint Working Groups on Cardiovascular Surgery and the Cellular Biology of the Heart Position Paper: Perioperative myocardial injury and infarction in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery

International audienc

Solar filament impact on 21 January 2005: Geospace consequences

On 21 January 2005, a moderate magnetic storm produced a number of anomalous features, some seen more typically during superstorms. The aim of this study is to establish the differences in the space environment from what we expect (and normally observe) for a storm of this intensity, which make it behave in some ways like a superstorm. The storm was driven by one of the fastest interplanetary coronal mass ejections in solar cycle 23, containing a piece of the dense erupting solar filament material. The momentum of the massive solar filament caused it to push its way through the flux rope as the interplanetary coronal mass ejection decelerated moving toward 1 AU creating the appearance of an eroded flux rope (see companion paper by Manchester et al. (2014)) and, in this case, limiting the intensity of the resulting geomagnetic storm. On impact, the solar filament further disrupted the partial ring current shielding in existence at the time, creating a brief superfountain in the equatorial ionosphere—an unusual occurrence for a moderate storm. Within 1 h after impact, a cold dense plasma sheet (CDPS) formed out of the filament material. As the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) rotated from obliquely to more purely northward, the magnetotail transformed from an open to a closed configuration and the CDPS evolved from warmer to cooler temperatures. Plasma sheet densities reached tens per cubic centimeter along the flanks—high enough to inflate the magnetotail in the simulation under northward IMF conditions despite the cool temperatures. Observational evidence for this stretching was provided by a corresponding expansion and intensification of both the auroral oval and ring current precipitation zones linked to magnetotail stretching by field line curvature scattering. Strong Joule heating in the cusps, a by‐product of the CDPS formation process, contributed to an equatorward neutral wind surge that reached low latitudes within 1–2 h and intensified the equatorial ionization anomaly. Understanding the geospace consequences of extremes in density and pressure is important because some of the largest and most damaging space weather events ever observed contained similar intervals of dense solar material. Key Points The interactions are studied between geospace and a solar filament Cold dense plasma sheet forms from filament material stretching magnetotail Creates anomalous features including superfountain and expanded auroral ovalPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108315/1/jgra51114.pd

Norwegian Fashion Institute

This report has been conducted in cooperation with Norwegian Fashion Institute (hereinafter NFI). NFI is a non-profit organisation that represents the participants within the Norwegian fashion Industry. It seeks to make Norwegian fashion brands recognized at home and overseas. There are 90 members in the organisation that represents the wide spectrum of Norwegian fashion. Obtaining knowledge of the market will help NFI promote Norwegian fashion brands in the UK and identify the necessary requirements for the brands to succeed. In order to answer the research question and objectives, information has been collected through secondary and primary data. The research process was used step by step in order to develop and conduct the design of the research. To get an overall understanding of the UK retail market, semi-structured interview was conducted. The interviews were used to identify the questions that should be asked in the survey. The survey-research was conducted in order to reveal attitudes and regional differences in the UK market. The most important findings from the research performed for this report are the following. There is a lack of awareness around Norwegian design. Only five of 113 respondents in the survey had knowledge of any Norwegian designers. Neither the two participants in the semi-structured interviews had any knowledge. There is a tendency for customers to value quality and design over price and brand. London has a higher level of fashion knowledge and interest than the other two cities in our research. This indicates that London is the most appropriate place to launch a new brand. This was confirmed through the semi-structured interviews. The UK can be considered to be a good country to conduct business in. The country has a positive outlook regarding to recovery of the recession. The UK’s membership in the EU offers political advantages. In terms of social aspects the country has a high standard of living and updated technological abilities. Porters Five Forces revealed that there is fairly strong rivalry in the industry; it is however room for smaller players in the market. McKinsey`s 7S’ pointed out that NFI has a good network in Norway and that the lack of administration is the organisations strongest weakness. The findings in of the external and internal analysis where summarised in a SWOT. It is imperative to develop a good promotion strategy to position Norwegian Fashion brands in the UK fashion industry. A clear brand identity has to be identified before promoting the products. The promotion alternatives PR, exhibitions and e-marketing were considered to create awareness around Norwegian Fashion. Foreign Direct Investment, export and agent are three potential alternatives for NFIs members to enter the UK market. In the beginning phase it is imperative for NFI to focus its promotion mainly towards the business-to-business, but also towards potential consumers. The promotion strategy proposed includes London Fashion week, exhibitions and other similar events. These events will help create awareness around Norwegian Fashion brands among influential people in the UK fashion industry. Internet and magazines should be used as promotion channels to the potential consumers. The recommendations for choice of entry mode depend on the size of the business. Recommendations were made for small and medium businesses, for short and long term commitments. The short-term recommendation for small businesses is to use Internet. The long-term recommendation is to consider department stores. Medium businesses should, in the short term, use department stores, in addition to Internet. The long-term recommendation is to open a Norwegian concept store. Alternatively for the brands that have generated reasonable profit, and developed a clear position in the UK market, a possibility will be to open an individual store

Brief report: geographic variation in EGFR mutation frequency in lung adenocarcinoma may be explained by interethnic genetic variation

Our understanding of the etiology of EGFR mutant lung cancer remains incomplete. One persistent finding in the literature is the geographic variation in the frequency of EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma. We investigated the association between two biomarkers of East Asian ancestry, the genetic polymorphisms EDAR V370A and ABCC11 G180A, and the frequency of EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma patients in a range of countries. The Pearson's linear correlation between the frequency of EGFR mutations and the EDAR polymorphism was 0.92 (P < 2.2 x 10-10) and for the ABCC11 polymorphism it was 0.72 (P < 1.6 x 10-4). These results suggest that the variation in the measured frequency of EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma can be explained, at least in part, by interethnic genetic variation. To improve our understanding of this disease, studies exploring the genetic polymorphism(s) that cause these interethnic differences, as well as the mechanisms of actions through which they work, are warranted