El imaginario social de la energía atómica en los manuales escolares españoles de Física y Química : análisis de un lenguaje específico

En este artículo se analiza el lenguaje específico utilizado en las lecciones nucleares y atómicas de los libros de texto españoles de Física y Química durante la segunda mitad del siglo xx.A lo largo de este periodo, el imaginario social de la energía nuclear experimentó una importante evolución. Del entusiasmo inicial por la energía atómica se pasó a las dudas sobre su seguridad y utilidad. Esta transformación puede ser identificada en el cambio del lenguaje específico utilizado por los libros de texto.En los primeros años, la investigación atómica fue descrita con un lenguaje pleno de imágenes bélicas, junto con expresiones religiosas y muchos cálculos exagerados del potencial de la energía nuclear. Los jóvenes estudiantes de la época construyeron un imaginario de la energía nuclear a partir de los libros de texto de Física y Química.En aquest article s'analitza el llenguatge específic utilitzat en les lliçons nuclears i atòmiques dels llibres de text espanyols de Física i Química durant la segona meitat del segle xx.Al llarg d'aquest període, l'imaginari social de l'energia nuclear va experimentar una important evolució. De l'entusiasme inicial per l'energia atòmica es va passar als dubtes sobre la seva seguretat i utilitat. Aquesta transformació pot ser identificada en el canvi del llenguatge específic utilitzat pels llibres de text.En els primers anys, la recerca atòmica va ser descrita amb un llenguatge ple d'imatges bèl·liques, juntament amb expressions religioses i molts càlculs exagerats del potencial de l'energia nuclear. Els joves estudiants de l'època van construir un imaginari de l'energia nuclear a partir dels llibres de text de Física i Química.This article analyzes the specific language used to impart nuclear and atomic lessons in Spanish Physics & Chemistry textbooks during the second half of the 20th century.The social imaginary of nuclear energy experienced a major evolution throughout this period. Initial enthusiasm for atomic power gave way to doubts about the safety and usefulness. This transformation can be identified through the change in the specific language used by the textbooks.In early years, atomic research was described with language that invoked images of war, coupled with the use of religious expressions and a lot of exaggerated estimates of potential nuclear energy. Young students formed an imaginary of nuclear energy based on the Physics & Chemistry textbooks in use at the time

Yhteinen sävel ja eväitä perehdytyksen toteuttamiseen : Kuvaus perehdytysohjelman ja perehdytyskansioiden laatimisesta Antinkartanon toimintakeskuksen henkilökunnan käyttöön

Helppolainen, Lahja. Yhteinen sävel ja eväitä perehdytyksen toteuttamiseen. Kuvaus perehdytysohjelman ja perehdytyskansioiden laatimisesta Antinkartanon toimintakeskuksen henkilökunnan käyttöön. Järvenpää, syksy 2009, 74 s., 4 liitettä. Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulu, Diak Etelä, Järvenpää. Sosiaalialan koulutusohjelma, sosionomi (AMK). Opinnäytetyö toteutettiin yhteistyössä Satakunnan sairaanhoitopiirin kuntayhtymän sosiaalipalvelujen toimialueella toimivan Antinkartanon toimintakeskuksen kanssa. Toimintakeskuksessa järjestetään monipuolista työ-, päivä- ja virkistystoimintaa pääasiassa kehitysvammaisille henkilöille. Opinnäytetyö oli jatkoa Työ, työyhteisöt ja johtaminen -opintokokonaisuuden harjoittelujakson kehittämishankkeelle, jossa laadittiin työyhteisölle perehdytysohjelma. Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli yhdenmukaistaa Antinkartanon toimintakeskuksen perehdytyskäytäntöjä sekä luoda toimiva, selkeä, ajan tasalla oleva ja yhtenäinen perehdytysmateriaali toimintakeskuksen koko henkilökunnan käyttöön. Työstämisen aikana haluttiin sitouttaa koko henkilökunta sekä tähän prosessiin että perehdyttämisen kehittämiseen nyt ja tulevaisuudessa. Opinnäytetyön lopputuotteena on valmistunut toimintakeskuksen henkilökunnan käyttöön kaksi perehdytyskansiota: ”Yleinen perehdytyskansio” ja ”Ryhmäkohtainen perehdytyskansio”. Perehdytyskansioiden kokoamisessa päävastuun on kantanut opinnäytetyön tekijä, mutta koko työyhteisö on ollut aktiivisesti mukana projektissa. Perehdytyskansioita on käytetty aidoissa perehdytystilanteissa. Opinnäytetyön kokonaisuutta on arvioitu prosessiarvioinnin keinoilla. Itse prosessin arviointi on perustunut pääasiassa itsearviointiin ja havainnointiin. Lopputuotoksia on arvioitu työyhteisön sisällä havainnoimalla, keskustelemalla sekä koko työyhteisölle suunnatun kyselylomakkeen avulla. Työyhteisön ulkopuolelta on pyydetty kommentteja arvioinnin luotettavuuden lisäämiseksi. Tehdyn arvioinnin perusteella voidaan todeta, että opinnäytetyöprosessi on saavuttanut sille asetetut tavoitteet. Antinkartanon toimintakeskuksen perehdytyskäytäntöihin on luotu yhdenmukaisuutta ja henkilökunnan käyttöön on onnistuttu luomaan toimiva ja ajan tasalla oleva perehdytysmateriaali. Henkilökunta on sitoutunut prosessiin sen aikana ja osoittanut halua kehittää perehdytyskäytäntöjä jatkossakin. Asiasanat: perehdyttäminen, kehitysvammaisuus, työtoiminta, päivätoiminta, prosessiarviointiHelppolainen, Lahja A description of how to compile an orientation programme and orientation folders for the staff of the activity centre of Antinkartano. 74 p., 4 appendices. Language: Finnish. Järvenpää, Autumn 2009. Diaconia University of Applied Sciences. Degree Programme in Social Services. Degree: Bachelor of Social Services. This thesis was created with an activity centre of Antinkartano. The activity centre is a part of Hospital District Satakunta and its social services. There are organized versatile work activities, day activities and recreation mainly for persons with intellectual disabilities. The orientation programme was formulated before doing the thesis. This development project was a part of “Work, Work Communities and Leadership”-study module. The aim of the thesis was to standardise practises of orientation. The other aim was to produce functional, clear, real time and identical orientation material. One goal was also to commit the staff for this process and development of orientation now and in the future. End products of the thesis are two orientation folders: “The common orientation folder” and “The orientation folder for every group”. The writer of the thesis has been responsible for working up the orientation folders. Other employees have also been active in this project. The orientation folders have been used in real orientation situations. The thesis has been estimated with means of process evaluation. The process has been estimated mainly with self-evaluation and observation. End products have been estimated with observation, discussions and a questionnaire inside the work community. The outside commentary has also been asked. This has made the evaluation more reliable. This thesis process has achieved its aims. Practises of orientation have become more identical. The staff of the activity centre has functional and real time orientation material. The staff has also committed to this process and wants to develop practises of orientation in the future. Keywords: orientation, intellectual disability, work activities, day activities, process evaluatio

Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on blood pressure and metabolic profile in women with sleep apnoea.

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) reduces blood pressure levels in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, the role of CPAP in blood pressure and the metabolic profile in women has not yet been assessed. In this study we investigated the effect of CPAP on blood pressure levels and the glucose and lipid profile in women with moderate-to-severe OSA.A multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial was conducted in 307 women diagnosed with moderate-to-severe OSA (apnoea-hypopnoea index ≥15 events·h-1) in 19 Spanish Sleep Units. Women were randomised to CPAP (n=151) or conservative treatment (n=156) for 12 weeks. Changes in office blood pressure measures as well as in the glucose and lipid profile were assessed in both groups.Compared with the control group, the CPAP group achieved a significantly greater decrease in diastolic blood pressure (-2.04 mmHg, 95% CI -4.02- -0.05; p=0.045), and a nonsignificantly greater decrease in systolic blood pressure (-1.54 mmHg, 95% CI -4.58-1.51; p=0.32) and mean blood pressure (-1.90 mmHg, 95% CI -4.0-0.31; p=0.084). CPAP therapy did not change any of the metabolic variables assessed.In women with moderate-to-severe OSA, 12 weeks of CPAP therapy improved blood pressure, especially diastolic blood pressure, but did not change the metabolic profile, compared with conservative treatment

Good long‐term adherence to continuous positive airway pressure therapy in patients with resistant hypertension and sleep apnea

Although adequate adherence is paramount in achieving the beneficial effects of continuous positive airway pressure therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea, long‐term adherence and the variables involved in continuous positive airway pressure compliance in patients with resistant hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea are yet unknown. We conducted a prospective, multicentre, observational study in 177 patients recruited from hypertensive units with resistant hypertension confirmed by means of 24‐hr blood pressure monitoring (blood pressure ≥ 130 and/or ≥ 80 mmHg, despite taking at least three antihypertensive drugs or  3 drugs) and obstructive sleep apnea (apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 5 in a respiratory polygraph) who were prescribed continuous positive airway pressure treatment. Good adherence was defined as an average cumulative continuous positive airway pressure use of ≥ 4 hr per night at the end of the follow‐up. A multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of continuous positive airway pressure adherence. Patients were followed for a median of 57.6 (42–72) months after initiating continuous positive airway pressure therapy. At the end of the follow‐up, the median continuous positive airway pressure use was 5.7 (inter‐quartile range 3.9–6.6) hr per night, and 132 patients (74.5%) showed good continuous positive airway pressure adherence. The only baseline variable associated with poor adherence was the presence of previous stroke (hazard ratio 4.00, 95% confidence interval 1.92–8.31). Adequate adherence at 1 month also predicted good adherence at the end of the follow‐up (hazard ratio 14.4, 95% confidence interval 4.94–56). Both variables also predicted adherence at a threshold of 6 hr per night. Our results show that good continuous positive airway pressure adherence is an achievable and feasible goal in patients with resistant hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea. Previous stroke and short‐term adherence predicted long‐term adherence.Peer reviewe

Biomarkers of carcinogenesis and tumour growth in patients with cutaneous melanoma and obstructive sleep apnoea.

The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and the levels of carcinogenesis- and tumour growth-related biomarkers in patients with cutaneous melanoma.This multicentre observational study included patients who were newly diagnosed with melanoma. The patients were classified as non-OSA (apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) 0-5 events·h-1), mild OSA (AHI 5-15 events·h-1) and moderate-severe OSA (AHI >15 events·h-1). ELISAs were performed to analyse the serum levels of hypoxia- and tumour adhesion-related biomarkers (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-8, intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1) and markers of tumour aggressiveness (S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA)). A logistic model adjusted for age, sex and body mass index was fitted to each biomarker, and the AHI served as the dependent variable.360 patients were included (52.2% male, median (interquartile range) age 55.5 (43.8-68.0) years and AHI 8.55 (2.8-19.5) events·h-1). The levels of VEGF, IL-8, ICAM-1, S100B and MIA were not related to the severity of OSA. The levels of VCAM-1 were higher in patients with OSA than those without OSA (mild OSA: odds ratio (OR) 2.07, p=0.021; moderate-severe OSA: OR 2.35, p=0.013).In patients with cutaneous melanoma, OSA was associated with elevated circulating levels of VCAM-1 that could indicate the contribution of OSA in tumorigenesis via integrin-based adhesion