In-hospital and late outcome of rescue versus primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Introduction: Despite high technical success of rescue Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) and also its significant impact on left ventricular function, the therapeutic outcome of this PCI technique in comparison with primary PCI for coronary reperfusion has remained uncertain. The present study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of early and long-term results of patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), who had undergone primary or rescue PCI.Methods: One hundred and twenty-nine consecutive patients with the diagnosis of STEMI, who underwent primary PCI (n = 107) or rescue PCI (n = 22) from April 2012 to September 2013 were retrospectively included. In addition to early assessment of procedural consequences, the patients were followed-up to assess and compare long-term mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events.Results: Comparing in-hospital consequences of the two rescue PCI and primary PCI procedures showed no significant differences in in-hospital mortality (9.5% vs. 3.7%, P = 0.255), total hospital stay (6.32 ± 2.24 days vs. 6.61 ± 3.43 days, P = 0.720) and also in early procedural complications. Long-term death was found only in 1.9% of patients in the primary group and none of the patients in the rescue group (P = 0.999). There was also no difference in the prevalence of late stent thrombosis between the two groups. However, the in-hospital Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) was lower in the rescue PCI group vs. primary PCI group (36.82 ± 11.19 vs. 43.48 ± 9.14, P = 0.014), but after six months, LVEF was similar between the two groups (41.05 ± 9.57 vs. 44.29 ± 10.35, P = 0.082).Conclusions: Our study showed no difference in early and late procedural outcome between the primary and rescue PCI techniques in STEMI patients, but LVEF had better improvement in the rescue PCI group

The Effect of Happiness on Social and Economic Decision-Making Utility

Introduction: Neuroeconomics is a field of study that brings together economics, psychology and neuroscience. Human economic and rational decision making is affected by mood and feelings like happiness, sadness, etc.  In the current study, effects of happiness in economic decision making was examined, using the Prisoner’s Dilemma game. Materials and Methods: Male participants were chosen for each group based on self-rating about their feeling of happiness in life, followed by Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. Two groups were considered: group one who felt happy and group two who did not feel happy.  The ability of making rational decision was examined in Prisoner’s Dilemma game. Two players simultaneously decide their strategy: betray the other by testifying that the other committed the crime, or cooperate with the other by remaining silent.  Results: The influence of feeling happy on social and economic decision-making was detected in two different groups; the percentage of cooperation in the group which did not feel happy (group two) was 1.5 fold (***P<0.001) which was more than other group. This data manifests non-rational decision making in group two (unhappy) compared to group one. Conclusion: The main finding of the present study is the significant relationship between happiness and economic decision making. Game theory paradigms suggested that cooperation is not considered as a rational decision. Current data shows that cooperative choices were significantly more in the group which was not happy, showing the effect of happiness in rational decision making

Sequence stratigraphy and microfacies of the Sarvak Formation, west of the Hendijan–Bahregansar–Nowrooz Palaeohigh

AbstractThe Sarvak Formation is one of the most important oil reservoirs in southwestern Iran. The Hendijan–Bahregansar–Nowrooz strike-slip Fault (HBNF) is known as a major fault system in the northwestern of the Persian Gulf, extending for approximately 700 kilometers in a north-northeast to south-southwest direction. This fault line passes through the northwestern region of the Persian Gulf, exerting a significant influence on the geological evolution of the area. This study emphasizes on importance of the microfacies, sedimentary environments, and sequence stratigraphy of the Sarvak Formation in the western part of the Hendijan–Bahregansar–Nowrooz palaeohigh, specifically those of the Hendijan, Bahregansar, and Mahshahr oilfields in southwestern Iran. A total of 186 thin sections of rock samples was examined in terms of their petrographic, sedimentological, and stratigraphic aspects. This led to the identification of seven microfacies distributed in four facies belts of tidal flat, lagoon, shoal, and open sea. The lack of turbidites and continuous reefs indicates that carbonates of the Sarvak Formation in the studied area formed on a homoclinal ramp. Additionally, five third-order depositional sequences were identified in the strata studied northwest of the HBNF. It can be concluded that the studied area was structurally stable during the Early Cenomanian. However, starting from the Late Cenomanian, significant tectonic phases resulted in the uplift of the area along an old ridge. Furthermore, the data indicate that the uplift of the Arabian Plate during the Early Turonian had significant effects on sedimentary processes in the region. This resulted in the retreat of the sea and the occurrence of a subsequent notable erosion phase at the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary in many areas including the Bahregansar and Hendijan oilfields. The interpretation of sedimentary characteristics and depositional environments in the upper part of the Sarvak Formation in the Mahshahr Oilfield relies on seismic sections, petrophysical logs, and microfacies analysis. Based on the available information the sediments apparently accumulated in a north-northwest to south-southeast trend, forming an onlap over both sides of a palaeohigh.Keywords: Microfacies, Depositional environments, Sarvak Formation, Persian Gulf, Sequence stratigraphy.  IntroductionThe Persian Gulf is widely recognized as one of the most economically significant hydrocarbon basins in the world. The development of the Persian Gulf region occurred during the Late Cenozoic, at the northeastern edge of the Arabian Plate, where the Zagros Mountains are located in the north and northeast and the Arabian Plate (Ghazban 2007). The HBNF is a major fault system in the northwestern of the Persian Gulf with an NNE-SSW direction. This fault has resulted in the uplift of the Hendijan–Nowrooz palaeohigh and created favorable conditions leading to the formation of such oil traps as the Hendijan and Bahregansar.The Sarvak Formation represents one of the most important oil reservoirs in southwestern Iran. Tectonic movements along the Hendijan–Nowrooz palaeohigh influenced the sedimentatary history of the Sarvak Formation in this area. The type section of the Sarvak Formation in Tang-e-Sarvak comprises 821.5m of limestones with intercalations of shales and claystones. The rock unit transgressively overlies the Kazhdumi Formation and unconformably underlies the Gurpi Formation.The Sarvak Formation consists of limestones, shales, dolostones, and dolomitized limestones in the northwest region of the Persian Gulf. The stratigraphic distribution of foraminifera led to the introduction of some biozones/biofacies (Wynd 1965). These include Trocholina-Orbitolina assemblage biozone, Oligostegina facies, Nezzazata-alveolinids assemblage biozone, and Nezzazatinella-Dicyclina assemblage biozone (Sadeghi et al. 2021). This study emphasizes on importance of the microfacies, sedimentary environments, and sequence stratigraphy of the Sarvak Formation in the western part of the Hendijan–Bahregansar–Nowrooz palaeohigh, specifically those of the Hendijan, Bahregansar, and Mahshahr oilfields of southwestern Iran. Material & MethodsA total of 186 thin sections of rock samples from the study area were examined in terms of their petrographic, sedimentological, and stratigraphic features. The petrographic classification for carbonates is based on the Dunham classification (Dunham 1962). Wilson (1975) and Flügel (2010) facies belts and sedimentary models are also used. The schemes allow for the identification and differentiation of microfacies types based on their unique sedimentological characteristics. The sequence stratigraphic approach based on Sharland et al. (2001)'s proposed model for the Arabian Plate and its subsequent updates (Bromhead et al. 2022; Van Buchem et al. 2011; Davies et al. 2002, 2019) is followed herein. Based on the system tracts and using GIS software, changes in sedimentary environments in the study area are determined. Discussion of Results & ConclusionsSeven microfacies distributed in four facies belts of tidal flat, lagoon, shoal, and open sea are identified from the Hendijan (HD-Y), Bahregansar (BS-X), and Mahshahr (MR-1) oilfields. Poorly fossiliferous (dolo)mudstone microfacies recognized in the Bahregansar Oilfield are comparable with the tidal facies previously reported from the Kuh-e Mond, Ahwaz Oilfield, and Sarvak Formation in the Shiraz area (Qomi Aveili 2016; Kazem Zadeh and Lotfpour 2016; Mirzaee 2020).The presence of mud matrix in bioclast mudstone and miliolid-foraminifera mudstone-wackestone microfacies shows that, for the most part, deposition occurred in a low to moderate energy environment such as a lagoon and benthic foraminifera are the main skeletal grains. These facies occur in the Mahshahr and Bahregansar wells and were previously reported from the Kuh-e Siah, Kuh-e-Mond, and Ahwaz Oilfield (Gholami Zadeh et al. 2019; Kazem Zadeh and Lotfpour  2016).Shoal sediments are composed of bioclast-peloid packstone-grainstone and echinoid-rudist debris grainstone microfacies. These facies occur in the Mahshahr and Bahregansar wells and exhibit characteristics of high-energy sub-environments. They were also recognized in the Kuh-e-Siah and Kuh-e-Mond, as well as in the Ahwaz, and Azadegan oilfields. The palynostratigraphic analysis of the Wara and Ahmadi formations in Kuwait (well F) revealed facies characteristics indicative of tidal and lagoon sub-environments. In the study area, however, sediments of the Wara and Ahmadi formations exhibit characteristics of lagoon-shoal sub-environments.The open marine facies include benthic-planktonic foraminifera wackestone and planktonic foraminifera mudstone-wackestone. The main components of this facies are planktonic foraminifera accompanied by oligosteginids.The lack of turbidites and continuous reefs indicates that carbonates of the Sarvak Formation in the studied area formed on a homoclinal ramp. Additionally, five third-order depositional sequences were identified in the strata studied northwest of the HBNF.Depositional sequence 1 is incomplete because the lower boundary occurs within the Kazhdami Formation. There are type II sequence boundaries in the Mahshahr and Bahregansar oilfields while a type I sequence boundary is identified in the Hendijan well, due to tectonic activities of the HBNF in the Cenomanian. Comparison of the data from these wells with those from the Ahwaz Oilfield, and well F in Kuwait and Nahr-Umar in Iraq shows that the maximum flooding level (MFS) probably can be correlated with the K110 of Sharland et al. (2001) in other parts of the Arabian Plate.Depositional sequences 2 and 3 are identified in the middle of the Sarvak Formation. The depositional sequence 2 represents the last depositional sequence identified in the Bahregansar due to the tectonic activities of the HBNF. Comparison of the data from the wells studied with those from the Ahwaz Oilfield, wells F, and Nahr-Umar signifies that the MFS of depositinal sequences 2 and 3 are comparable with K120 and K130, respectively, of Sharland et al. (2001) in other parts of the Arabian Plate.Depositional sequence 4 is the last depositional sequence identified in wells F and Nahr-Umar. Based on the similar facies changes observed in the Mahshahr well with those from Ahwaz Oilfield, Nahr-Umar, and Well F, the MFS is probably comparable to the K140 of Sharland et al. (2001) in other parts of the Arabian Plate.Depositional sequence 5 is identified in the upper of the Sarvak Formation in the Mahshar Oilfield. The upper boundary of this depositional sequence was coincident with the Middle Turonian disconformity. The MFS appears to be comparable with the KTu1 of Bromhead et al. (2022) in other parts of the Arabian Plate.It can be concluded that the studied area was structurally stable during the Early Cenomanian. However, starting from the Late Cenomanian, significant tectonic phases resulted in the uplift of the area along an old ridge. Furthermore, the data indicate that the uplift of the Arabian Plate during the Early Turonian had significant effects on sedimentary processes in the region. This resulted in the retreat of the sea and subsequently, a notable erosion phase occurred at the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary in many areas including the Bahregansar and Hendijan oilfields. The interpretation of sedimentary characteristics and depositional environments in the upper part of the Sarvak Formation in the Mahshahr Oilfield relies on seismic sections, petrophysical logs, and microfacies analysis. Based on the available information, sedimentation occurred in a north-northwest to south-southeast trend forming an onlap over both sides of a palaeohigh

The Sensitivity and Specificity of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification and PCR Methods in Detection of Foodborne Microorganisms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background: The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method is frequently used for identifying many microorganisms. The present review aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of LAMP method for detection of food-borne bacteria and to compare these features with those of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), as an alternative molecular diagnostic procedure, and with cultivation method, as the gold standard method. Methods: The literature was searched in electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE) for recruiting publications within Jan 2000 to Jul 2021. We used the combinations of keywords including foodborne disease, LAMP, PCR, Loop-mediated isothermal amplification, and polymerase chain reaction. Meta-analysis was used to adjust the correlation and heterogeneity between the studies. The efficiency of the methods was presented by negative likelihood ratio, positive likelihood ratio, sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratio using forest plots. A Pvalue less than 0.05 was considered as statistical significance cut off. The confidence intervals were presented at the 95% interval. Results: Overall, 23 relevant studies were analyzed. The sensitivities of LAMP and PCR methods were estimated to be 96.6% (95% CI: 95.0-97.7) and 95.6% (95%CI: 91.5-97.8), respectively. The specificities of LAMP and PCR were also estimated to be 97.6% (95%CI: 92.6-99.3) and 98.7% (95%CI: 96.5-99.5), respectively. Conclusion: The specificities of LAMP and PCR assays were determined by comparing their results with cultivation method as the gold standard. Overall, the specificity of both PCR and LAMP methods was low for detection of fastidious bacteria. Nevertheless, LAMP and PCR methods have acceptable specificities and sensitivities, and their application in clinical practice necessitates more studies. Keywords: Food-borne pathogen; Specificity; Sensitivity; Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP); Polymerase chain reactio

Inhibitive effect of sodium (E)-4-(4-nitrobenzylidenamino) benzoate on the corrosion of some metals in sodium chloride solution

The inhibition performance of a novel anionic carboxylic Schiff base, sodium (E)-4-(4-nitrobenzylideneamino)benzoate (SNBB), was investigated for various metals, namely low carbon steel F111, pure iron and copper, in neutral 10 mM NaCl solution. Potentiodynamic polarization, scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET), quantum chemical (QC) calculation, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were employed. The potentiodynamic polarization data showed that SNBB acts as an effective corrosion inhibitor for both iron and F111 steel, but it is not effective for the copper. In situ spatially-resolved SVET maps evidenced a major change in surface reactivity for Fe and F111 steel immersed in 10 mM aqueous solution in the absence and in the presence of SNBB. Featureless ionic current density distributions were recorded in the presence of SNBB at both their spontaneous open circuit potential (OCP) and under mild anodic polarization conditions, while major ionic flows were monitored above the metals in the absence of SNBB. On the basis of computer simulations, it is proposed that SNBB produces a stable chelate film on iron and steel surfaces that accounts for the good corrosion inhibition efficiency observed. The different inhibition efficiencies of SNBB molecules on the iron and copper was attributed to the special chemical structure of SNBB molecule and its different chelation ability with the released metal ions on the metal surface. The QC calculations also confirmed the high corrosion inhibition efficiency of SNBB. The MD simulation indicated higher binding energy of SNBB on iron surface compared to that of copper surface. The interaction mode of SNBB on iron and F111 steel surfaces corresponds to a mixed chemical and physical adsorption, and it obeys the Langmuir isother

The mediating role of emotional expressiveness in the relationship between Hexaco personality traits with internet betrayal in students

Aims: According to the cognitive-behavioral approaches in family-related issues, personality and emotional factors play a significant role in the type of tendency of couples to infidelity. This research was conducted to investigate the mediating role of emotional expressivity in the relationship between HEXACO personality traits and internet infidelity in college students. Materials and Methods: This descriptive research is a correlational type based on structural modeling. The statistical population of this research was all 324 married female students in the nursing faculty of Babol University in the academic year of 2021-2022. Two hundred and fifty samples were selected via simple random method. Internet Infidelity Questionnaire (IIQ), HEXACO Personality Traits Questionnaire (HEXACO), and King and Emmons Emotional Expressivity Questionnaire (EEQ) were used to collect data. To analyze the results, the Pearson correlation method and structural equations were used with SPSS 18 and AMOS 23 software. Findings: In the study of demographic information, 148 female nursing students were 19-20 years old, and 102 were 21-22 years old in this method in some proposed countries. In terms of employment, 187 people were employed, and 63 were unemployed. Also, 127 students were employed in the 2nd to fifth semesters and 123 in the 6th to eighth academic semesters. The average sales of Internet Infidelity were 93.62±9.43, HEXACO personality traits 57.97±6.77, and emotional expressiveness 34.68±6.56 (Table 1). The results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were higher than the 0.05 level in HEXACO's personality traits, emotional expressiveness, and Internet infidelity, so the normality of the data was confirmed. The results of the correlation matrix between the variables showed a significant correlation between the variables of HEXACO's personality traits and emotional expressiveness with Internet infidelity (Table 2). Specifically, there is a significant negative correlation between honesty-humility (-0.24), emotionality (-0.22), extroversion (-0.20), agreeableness (-0.25), conscientiousness (-0.23), openness to experience (-0.27) and an overall score of HEXACO personality traits (-0.33) were associated with Internet Infidelity. It showed a negative correlation between positive emotion expression (-0.25), intimacy and substance (-0.22), negative emotion expression (-0.20), and emotional expressiveness (-0.29) with Internet infidelity which was significant at the 0.01 level. The value of RMSEA was equal to 0.037, so this value was less than 0.1, which indicated the appropriateness of the mean squared errors of the model, and the model was acceptable. Also, the chi-square value for the degree of freedom was between 1 and 3 (2.445), and the amount of GFI, CFI, and NFI index was almost equal and more than 0.9 (0.999) showing that the model for measuring the research variables was suitable. All paths of HEXACO personality traits and emotional expressivity significantly explained 0.119 and 0.093 of the common variance of Internet infidelity (Table 3). The indirect path of HEXACO's personality traits on Internet infidelity was observed through the mediation of emotional expressiveness. In general, the path could separately predict 0.39 of the Internet infidelity variable; these variables could explain 39 percent of this endogenous variable, and 61 percent of the Internet infidelity variable was explained by other variables outside the research (Table 4). In examining the direct and indirect effects of HEXACO's personality traits and emotional expressiveness on Internet infidelity, the research model was confirmed with a total effect coefficient of -0.46 (Chart 1). Conclusion: Emotional expressivity can be a negative and significant mediator in the relationship between HEXACO personality traits and internet infidelity in college students. Clinical & Practical Tips in POLICE MEDICINE: According to the results of the present research on the mediating role of emotional expression in the relationship between HEXACO's personality traits and Internet infidelity, these findings can be used to reduce social harm in the family by using new methods of controlling and monitoring social networks and the cyberspace in cyber and prevention police. Also, action should be taken to develop therapeutic approaches and psychological interventions in the counseling centers of the police command for the health of families. Acknowledgments: The authors thank all the students participating in the research. This article results from the master's thesis of the first author in psychology. Conflict of Interest: The article's authors stated that this study has no conflict of interest. Authors' Contribution: First author, conception and study design, data collection, data analysis; second author, study design, data analysis; all the authors participated in the initial writing of the article and its revision, and all accept the responsibility for the accuracy and correctness of the contents of this article with the final approval of this article. Financial Sources: This research had no financial support

Social and Economic Decision-Making Utility Based on EEG Signals Analysis in Women: Good Economic Decision-Making is related to different EEG signals

  Introduction:  One of the new fields of study is Neuroeconomics which investigates the effect of human brain on economic decision makings. In the current study, economic decision making was examined, using the Prisoner’s Dilemma Game among females followed by electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis. Materials and Methods: Female participants were chosen based on their ability of making rational decision examined in Prisoner’s Dilemma Game for each group. Based on the data obtained from the Prisoner’s Dilemma Game, two groups existed: one includes female with good decision making in economic field in Prisoner’s Dilemma Test and group 2 consists of females who did not chose appropriate economic decision during the game.   Also EEG analysis was performed at the end of EEG recording, participates were asked if they feel utility about their economic decision making in their entire life or not. Results: The current results showed that the Economic Decision-Making Utility was more in group with better economic decision in Prisoner’s Dilemma Game. EEG analysis shows that Alpha/Beta ratio is %16.5 and Theta/Beta ratio is %12.5 less in group 2 who stayed silent and did not betray other suspect (***P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the current data, utility about economic decisions may affect decision-making  and EEG or vice versa, as Alpha/Beta and Theta/Beta ratio are less in the group who stayed silent and did not betray other suspect

In vitro studies on effects of Ferrioxamine B on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) growth and chlorophyll content

The availability of iron for roots has been demonstrated as a critical factor in plant production. The addition of synthetic iron chelates to soil is a common practice in agriculture, which is not economically beneficial. Besides, chemical iron fertilizers cause many problems such as food contamination and environmental pollution. Development of natural Ferrioxamine B as an efficient and safe iron source may be the best strategy to overcome plant iron deficiency and prevention of synthetic agent pollution. The present study investigates the ability of a hydroxamate type siderophores (Ferrioxamine B) as a substitute Fe source during tissue culture of chickpea plants. For this purpose, embryo axes from chickpea seeds were surface sterilized and cultured in 1/2MS and MS culture media including 3% sucrose and 0.8% agar with Ferrioxamine B or Fe–EDTA. The root and shoot length, shoot and root dry weight, total fresh and dry weight, as well as chlorophylls a and b were analysed. Results indicated that Ferrioxamine B did not increase chlorophylls a and b in comparison with Fe-EDTA. However, rooting (22%), total dry weight (38%) and root (75%) and shoot (22%) dry weight significantly (p≤0.05) increased in MS containing Ferrioxamine B in comparison with Fe-EDTA. Consequently, Ferrioxamine B is introduced as a cost-effective and applicable Fe source to favour iron deficiency in vitro