A Survey over the Dentists’ and Endodntists’ Approaches towards the Management of Endodontic Emergencies in Mashhad, Iran

Introduction: Pain or swelling caused by various stages of inflammation/infection of the pulp/periradicular area is called endodontic emergencies. Determining the most effective method of emergency treatment is a challenging issue in endodontics. The goal of this study was to determine and compare the level of knowledge in general dentists and Endodontists about endodontic emergency treatment plan in Mashhad, Iran in 2012-2013. Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 152 questionnaires were distributed among 120 general dentists and 32 Endodontists of Mashhad. The questionnaire contained two separate parts. The first part included demographic information and in the second part different treatment protocols were suggested for 12 various conditions of pulp/periapical emergencies, and the participants were asked to choose the correct option(s). To determine the relationship between qualitative variables, the chi-square analysis was used. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: There were significant differences between treatment plans presented by general dentists and Endodontists about endodontic emergencies, especially in cases of necrotic pulp and subsequent swelling. Conclusion: Level of knowledge of dentists about the indications of incision and drainage, intra-canal medicament, root filing beyond the apical foramen and antibiotic prescription was not enough. These findings highlight the importance of refreshing courses for general dentists to improve their competency in the management of endodontic emergencies.Keywords: Emergency; Endodontics; Endodontists; Flare Up; General Dentists; Level of Knowledg

Explicit Instruction of Context-embedded Hyperlinked Thematic Words and Vocabulary Recall

AbstractThis follow-up study examined the effect of some strategies on vocabulary recall of 75 Iranian intermediate learners through PowerPoint. Three groups were in the study. Seventy new hyperlinked thematically-related words were explicitly taught in context. The first experimental group used L1 translation via hyperlinks for vocabulary learning, while the second experimental group received English definition in the same way. The control group learned the words using a handout through a traditional method. The results indicated a significant difference between the experimental groups and the control group but not between the experimental groups. The study has some theoretical and pedagogical implications

The Effect of Teacher-Centeredness Method vs. Learner-Centeredness Method on Reading Comprehension among Iranian EFL Learners

The present study was an attempt to investigate the effect of teacher-centered method versus learner-centered method on reading comprehension of the Iranian EFL learners. In order to do the current research, 120 Iranian EFL learners were selected from Mehrvarz Language Institute located in Tehran, Iran. In order to conduct the research, some steps were taken-administration of the QOPT, administration of the (pretest), the research treatment and administration of the posttest. To analyze the raw data of the research, independent samples t-test by the use of SPSS was applied for inferential statistics. The results revealed that learner-centered and teacher-centered groups had positive results on the improvement of Iranian EFL learners' reading comprehension performance. However, it was concluded that learner-centered instruction was more effective than teacher-centered instruction in improving Iranian EFL learners' reading comprehension performance. The findings of the present study may be beneficial for materials developers in designing syllabi that are more adaptable with those learner-centered method which help language learners to use language communicatively

Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás property for positive operators when the domain is L∞

M. D. Acosta was supported by Junta de Andaluc ' ia grant FQM-185 and also by Spanish MINECO/FEDER grant PGC2018-093794-B-I00. M. SoleimaniMourchehkhorti was supported by a grant from IPM.We prove that the class of positive operators from L∞(μ) to Y has the Bishop-Phelps- Bollob´as property for any positive measure μ, whenever Y is a uniformly monotone Banach lattice with a weak unit. The same result also holds for the pair (c0, Y ) for any uniformly monotone Banach lattice Y. Further we show that these results are optimal in case that Y is strictly monotone.Junta de Andalucia FQM-185Spanish MINECO/FEDER grant PGC2018-093794-B-I00IP

Peter Shaffer's obsessional "myths/religions" : Amadeus, Equus and Yonadab from a psychoanalytic point of view

Ankara : Faculty of Humanities and Letters and the Institute of Economics and Social Sciences of Bilkent University, 1992.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 1992.Includes bibliographical references leaves [41]-44.The notion of religion in the western world seems to have undergone a radical change in the twentieth century; the individual, instead of cherishing an orthodox belief in God, has rather preferred to develop a "private myth" of his/her own, which is in fact engendered by the individual's obsessions. Peter Shaffer frequently displays such an obsession with myth/religion in his plays, especially in Amadeus. Equus and Yonadab. In these plays, Shaffer depicts the predicament one finds oneself in once the individual becomes an out cast, when this obsession becomes so eccentric as to make him/her unable to integrate with society.Ardekani, Maryam SoleimaniM.S

Occurrence of Bacillus cereus in beef burger marketed in Tehran, capital of Iran

Introduction: Beef burgers made in Iran contain various compounds such as meat, cereals flour, as well as some spices which can be contaminated with Bacillus cereus, causing gastroenteritis in the consumer. This study is focused on occurrence of B.cereus in beef burgers marketed in Tehran, capital of Iran. Methods and Results: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 80 samples of different types of beef burgers marketed in Tehran, Iran were randomly collected based on their percentage of meat content, including 30% (n=25), 60% (n=40) as well as 90% (n=15). The samples were analyzed microbiologically by routine culture assay and biochemical tests to find B.cereus. Data were analyzed statistically by Microsoft Office Excel 2010.  Twenty-five out of 80 (31.25%) beef burger samples were contaminated by B. cereus. Based on the percentage of meat content in the samples, the beef burger with 90% meat were significantly (p<0.05) more contaminated than the others. Also, the contamination rate was significantly (p<0.05) higher in summer compared to winter. Conclusion: This survey showed that the beef burgers supplied in Iran markets is main source of B.cereus that can cause disease in Iranian consumers. More attempts must be focused on cold-chain maintenance in production, distribution, and storage of the meat products

Modern Educational Technologies in Medical Education: A Dream that is a Reality

There is an increasing demand for accountability in higher education and, at the same time, an increasing focus on improved teaching and learning (1). Meanwhile, human society has entered the era of information explosion and the Internet, and education is no exception (2). In this regard, Medical Education has undergone significant changes in the last couple of years, and medical educators experienced intense evolutionary changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic drastically affected the nature and methods of education (3), and educators all over the world focus more on modern educational technologies, which aim to promote students learning and improve their enthusiasm and initiatives in learning (2). These technologies provided opportunities for hybrid education and are a transition from teacher-directed to learner-centered methods and self-directed learning that puts this industry on edge

Effect of root canal rinsing protocol on dentin bond strength of two resin cements using three different method of test

Background: Different studies have used different tests to evaluate bond strength of resin cements to root dentin. In this in vitro study, three different tests were used to evaluate the bond strength of two resin cements to root dentin using two root dentin irrigation protocols. Material and Methods: Ninety-six intact single-rooted teeth were selected for this study. Forty-eight teeth, with a root length of 15mm, were randomly divided into two groups and irrigated with normal saline or 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solutions during root canal preparation, respectively. For each 12 specimens from each group, fiber post #1 was bonded using an etch-and-rinse (Duo-Link) and a self-adhesive (BisCem) resin cement, respectively. After incubation, two specimens were prepared for the push-out test from the middle thirds of the roots. In another 24 teeth, after two 1.5-mm sections were prepared from the middle thirds of the prepared roots, sections of the post were bonded in two subgroups with each of the cements mentioned above and the samples were prepared for the pull-out test. For shear test, the crowns of 48 teeth were cut away, the dentin surfaces were prepared, the two irrigation solutions were used, and the resin cements were bonded. Data collected from the three tests were evaluated by ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey and Weibull tests (α=0.05). Results: There were significant differences in the mean bond strength values between the three bond strength tests (P<0.001). Rinsing protocol and cement type resulted in similar variations in the mean bond strength in all tests (P>0.05). Conclusions: Under the limitations of the present study, the method of the test used had an effect on the recorded bond strength between the resin cement and root dentin. Cement type and irrigation protocol resulted in similar variations with all the tests. Push-out and shear tests exhibited more coherent results