Chronic Venous Insufficiency in Workers without Risks Factors who Remain Long Hours Standing

Revisiones[ES] La insuficiencia venosa crónica (IVC) es una patología prevalente en la sociedad actual. Los problemas derivados de ella, son una causa importante de gasto económico y absentismo laboral. Las condiciones laborales actuales, como jornadas de larga duración, con largas horas en bipedestación, inadecuada carga de pesos y malas condiciones de humedad y temperatura, contribuyen al desarrollo de esta patología. En este trabajo se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de la bibliografía existente en relación a la insuficiencia venosa crónica y el tiempo en bipedestación de las jornadas laborales. Para determinar el nivel de evidencia de los estudios evaluados, se han seguido los criterios del Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). En particular, se ha concluido que existe una asociación significativamente positiva entre el tiempo prolongado en bipedestación y el riesgo de padecer insuficiencia venosa crónica. Sin embargo, la literatura actual no permite establecer un umbral que determine el número de horas considerado como bipedestación prolongada.Para poder valorar si la insuficiencia venosa crónica debería considerarse una enfermedad profesional, es necesario diseñar y llevar a cabo nuevos estudios de investigación en esta dirección. Estos estudios son necesarios para poder establecer evidencias de cara a concienciar a la sociedad y generar campañas de prevención y promoción de la salud que disminuyan los costes económicos y mejoren la calidad de vida de la población. [EN] The chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a prevalent pathology in the today’s society. The arising problems represent an important cause of economic costs and absenteeism in the workplace. Current working conditions, such as long working hours, standing for long periods of time, inadequate load weight as well as bad humidity and temperature conditions, contribute to the development of this pathology.In this essay, a systematic review of existing bibliography related to chronic venous insufficiency and standing up long time at working hours has been conducted. In order to determine the evidence level of the evaluated studies the criteria established by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) has been considered. In particular, a significant positive link between long period of time standing and a risk for suffering chronic venous insufficiency has been found. However, the existing literature is not specific enough to establish a threshold that determines the number of working hours required to be considered an extreme period of time standing.In order to determine if the chronic venous insufficiency should be considered an occupational disease, it is required to design and conduct further research on this topic. These studies are necessary to establish new evidence in order to make the society aware and generate new health prevention and promotion campaigns so that economic costs and quality of life could continue improving.N

Non-conventional vascular accesses for the management of superior vena cava syndrome in patients with Intestinal Failure: case series and systematic review

Background: Type III Intestinal Failure (IF) is a devastating clinical condition.characterized by the inability of the gut to absorb necessary macronutrients, and/or water and electrolytes, requiring Parenteral Nutrition (PN) as chronic therapy. Long-term PN may lead to life-threatening complications; the loss of central venous access (LCVA) is the most frequent and challenging. To date, few studies in the literature have reported the relevance of Non-conventional Vascular Accesses (NCVA) in the management IF as part of the comprehensive multidisciplinary care. Methods: A retrospective analysis of a database collected from January 2006 to December 2019 was performed using SPSS v25.0 for statistical analysis, followed by a systematic review, using the PRISMA.methodology Results: From January 2006 to December 2019, 184 NCVA were placed in 71 patients with LCVA as IF-related complication; 173 were placed in 61 patients by interventional radiology (IR) and 11 NCVA were placed in 10 patients by the surgical team during the intestinal transplant (ITx) operation. From the 173 IR procedures 166 (95.9%) were successful with 3 ± 2.7 procedures/patient; average catheter permanence rate was 738.68 ± 997 days; complications related to the procedures occurred in 18/173 (10.4%), including two deaths. On the other hand, among the 11 NCVA implanted by the surgical team, 7 (64%) were successful and were safely withdrawn 30 days after ITx when were no longer needed; 2 (18%) catheters malfunctioned during the first week and could not be further used, and 1 was accidently removed; average catheter permanence rate was 26 ± 4 days. There was one complication (9%) requiring laparotomy; there was no mortality associated the procedure in this group. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the success and safety of NCVA as part of the treatment of HPN-related complications; from 337,542 papers, 14 studies were included. A total of 28 HPN-patients with LCVA received NCVA; 34 procedures were successfully performed, while procedure-related complications were reported in 11.7%, as well as one death. Conclusions: The data analyzed show that NCVAs may be successfully placed by expert teams, allowing to sustain long-term PN, as well as increasing the Intestinal Transplantation applicability for candidates in the extreme need of vascular access.Fil: Pérez Illidge, Luis Carlos. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Ramisch, Diego. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Valdivieso, León. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Guzman, Carlos. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Antoni, Diego. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Rumbo, Carolina. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Trentadue, Julio. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Solar, Héctor. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Gentilini, Maria Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Gondolesi, Gabriel Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería; Argentin

Induction Versus Maintenance Immunosuppression After Intestinal Transplant: Determining Which Treatment Most Impacts Long-Term Patient And Graft Survival

Objectives: Immunosuppressive strategies for intestinal transplant have changed over time. However, specific intestinal transplant-oriented protocols and reports on long-term maintenance regimens are scarce. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of 2 different initial immunosuppressive protocols based on thymoglobulin (group A) and basiliximab (anti-interleukin 2 antibody) (group B) and of changes to maintenance immunosuppression over long-term follow-up in intestinal transplant recipients. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively established protocol for intestinal transplant immunosuppression, conducted between May 2006 and December 2020. We analyzed 51 intestinal transplant recipients, with 6 patients excluded because of early death or graft loss. Acute cellular rejection frequency and grade, number of acute cellular rejection episodes, time to the first acute cellular rejection episode, response to treatment, number of patients who progressed to chronic allograft rejection, kidney function, infections, incidence of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder and graft-versus-host disease, and patient and graft survival were analyzed. Results: In the study groups, there were 87 acute cellular rejection episodes in 45 patients (33 in group A and 54 in group B). We found degree of acute cellular rejection to be mild in 45 patients, moderate in 18, and severe in 24 (not significant between groups). Our comparison of induction therapy (thymoglobulin [group A] vs interleukin 2 antibody [group B]) did not show any statistical difference during clinical followup. Long-term review showed that all patients were on tacrolimus. Five-year patient and graft survival rates were 62% and 45% for group A and 54% and 46% for group B, respectively (not significant). Conclusions: Long-term patient and graft outcomes reflected the use of an individualized follow-up with adjustments and changes in immunosuppressive medications according to the patient’s clinical course and complications rather than based on the induction immunosuppressive protocol used.Fil: Gentilini, María Virginia. Universidad Favaloro; Argentina. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Perez Illidge, Luis. Fundación Favaloro; Argentina. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Pedraza, Néstor. Colombiana de Trasplantes; ColombiaFil: Nemirovsky, Sergio Ivan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, María Florencia. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Ramisch, Diego. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Solar, Héctor. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Rumbo, Martín. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata; ArgentinaFil: Rumbo, Carolina. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Gondolesi, Gabriel Eduardo. Universidad Favaloro; Argentina. Fundación Favaloro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Repeated pancreatic resection for pancreatic metastases from renal cell Carcinoma: A Spanish multicenter study (PANMEKID)

Background and objectives: Recurrent isolated pancreatic metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) after pancreatic resection is rare. The purpose of our study is to describe a series of cases of relapse of pancreatic metastasis from renal cancer in the pancreatic remnant and its surgical treatment with a repeated pancreatic resection, and to analyse the results of both overall and disease -free survival. Methods: Multicenter retrospective study of patients undergoing pancreatic resection for RCC pancreatic metastases, from January 2010 to May 2020. Patients were grouped into two groups depending on whether they received a single pancreatic resection (SPS) or iterative pancreatic resection. Data on short and long-term outcome after pancreatic resection were collected. Results: The study included 131 pancreatic resections performed in 116 patients. Thus, iterative pancreatic surgery (IPS) was performed in 15 patients. The mean length of time between the first pancreatic surgery and the second was 48.9 months (95 % CI: 22.2-56.9). There were no differences in the rate of postoperative complications. The DFS rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 86 %, 78 % and 78 % vs 75 %, 50 % and 37 % in the IPS and SPS group respectively (p = 0.179). OS rates at 1, 3, 5 and 7 years were 100 %, 100 %, 100 % and 75 % in the IPS group vs 95 %, 85 %, 80 % and 68 % in the SPS group (p = 0.895). Conclusion: Repeated pancreatic resection in case of relapse of pancreatic metastasis of RCC in the pancreatic remnant is justified, since it achieves OS results similar to those obtained after the first resection

Pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma. Postoperative outcome after surgical treatment in a Spanish multicenter study (PANMEKID)

Background: Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) occasionally spreads to the pancreas. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the short and long-term results of a multicenter series in order to determine the effect of surgical treatment on the prognosis of these patients. Methods: Multicenter retrospective study of patients undergoing surgery for RCC pancreatic metastases, from January 2010 to May 2020. Variables related to the primary tumor, demographics, clinical characteristics of metastasis, location in the pancreas, type of pancreatic resection performed and data on short and long-term evolution after pancreatic resection were collected. Results: The study included 116 patients. The mean time between nephrectomy and pancreatic metastases' resection was 87.35 months (ICR: 1.51-332.55). Distal pancreatectomy was the most performed technique employed (50 %). Postoperative morbidity was observed in 60.9 % of cases (Clavien-Dindo greater than IIIa in 14 %). The median follow-up time was 43 months (13-78). Overall survival (OS) rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 96 %, 88 %, and 83 %, respectively. The disease-free survival (DFS) rate at 1, 3, and 5 years was 73 %, 49 %, and 35 %, respectively. Significant prognostic factors of relapse were a disease free interval of less than 10 years (2.05 [1.13-3.72], p 0.02) and a history of previous extrapancreatic metastasis (2.44 [1.22-4.86], p 0.01). Conclusions: Pancreatic resection if metastatic RCC is found in the pancreas is warranted to achieve higher overall survival and disease-free survival, even if extrapancreatic metastases were previously removed. The existence of intrapancreatic multifocal compromise does not always warrant the performance of a total pancreatectomy in order to improve survival. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Normas relevantes del derecho ambiental desde la perspectiva del procedimiento para la aplicación de la ley

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)No autorizada por el autor para ser publicada a texto completoHoy día, el marco legal ambiental se basa fundamentalmente en el cumplimiento de la constitución política del estado, de la ley de bases del medio ambiente, así como de otras leyes que abordan esta materia, decretos con fuerza de ley, decretos leyes reglamentos y resoluciones. Sin embargo, debe destacarse que estas regulaciones son los referentes legales para desarrolar normativas ambientales que restrinjan otros derechos constitucionales (derecho de propiedad, derecho de libre actividad, etc.). Para ello, no se requiere que la contaminación atente contra la vida, la salud o el bienestar humano; basta que incida o interfiera el ambiente en que el hombre desarrolla su existencia, afectándolo directa o indirectamente en su persona, patrimonio o cualquier otro interés legítimo. Considerando la trascendencia que esta materia posee en todo orden de la actividad nacional, y la definitiva e insoslayable importancia que adquiere en el país en la última década, esta investigación se propone abordar el marco legal ambiental chileno desde la perspectiva del procedimiento para la aplicación de la ley, analizando esta en su conjunto de normativas reguladoras. Los antecedntes de la actual legislación vigente y la jurisprudencia que surge de su aplicación son también parte de la presente investigación