Does illegal immigration empower rightist parties?

The main goal of this paper is to analyze the political outcome in countries where the relevant issue in elections is the control of immigration. In particular we explore the consequences on the political outcome of the fact that parties are either ideological or opportunistic with respect to this issue. In order to do that we use a simple two-party political competition model in which the issues over which parties take positions are the level of border enforcement and the way it has to be financed. We show that an ideological rather than a pure opportunistic behavior gives parties an advantage to win the election. This result may help us to understand the recent success of anti-immigrant and rightist parties in several countries.Illegal immigration, ideological parties, unskilled and skilled.

Tax compliance and income redistribution: a political competition model

This paper analyzes the political economy of income redistribution when voters are concerned about tax compliance. We consider a two stagemodel where there is a two party competition over the tax rate in the first stage and voters decide about their level of tax compliance in the second stage. We model political competition à la Wittman with the ideology of parties endogenously determined at equilibrium. We calibrate the model for an average of EU-27 countries. Numerical simulations provide the tax rates proposed by the two parties and the level of tax compliance. We find that a decrease in confidence in tax morale, and an increase in parties’ uncertainty about the preferences of the median voter increase the probability that the party offering the lowest income tax will win and decrease tax compliance

Does illegal immigration empower rightist parties?

The main goal of this paper is to analyze the political outcome in countries where the relevant issue in elections is the control of immigration. In particular we explore the consequences on the political outcome of the fact that parties are either ideological or opportunistic with respect to this issue. In order to do that we use a simple two-party political competition model in which the issues over which parties take positions are the level of border enforcement and the way it has to be financed. We show that an ideological rather than a pure opportunistic behavior gives parties an advantage to win the election. This result may help us to understand the recent success of anti-immigrant and rightist parties in several countries

The effect of elections on third-party punishment: an experimental analysis

In this paper we analyze the behavior of an official who is elected democratically rather than being appointed exogenously. To this aim, we conduct an economic experiment in which officials are third party punishers in a public goods game. We consider two different scenarios which differ in the degree of cooperation within the society. We find that officials increase their punishment when they face elections in both scenarios. The increase in punishment is larger in the more cooperative scenario although differences are not statistically significant. Contrary to candidates’ expectations, voters always vote for the least severe candidate

Don’t shoot yourself in the foot! A (real-effort task) experiment on income redistribution and voting

This paper reports results from a laboratory experiment that investigates the Meltzer–Richard model of equilibrium tax rates in which individuals are either low or high skilled workers and face a real-effort task that includes leisure at the work place. We find that a large proportion of lowskilled workers vote for the lowest tax rate (the one that gives them the lowest payoff), especially when the alternative tax rate is very high. However, this proportion is significantly reduced in treatments in which the subjects are given extra information about how the tax operates in redistributing income. This result suggests that the lack of information about the role of taxes in income redistribution may be an important factor in explaining the counter-intuitive voting behavior of low-income voters over income redistribution. We also find some support that the prospect of upward mobility and the belief in the negative effect of taxes on productivity make low-income voters support low tax rates, especially when the alternative tax rate is very highMCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033Project ECO2016-76789-PMinisterio de Economía, Industria y CompetitividadFaculty of Economics and Business of the University of Granad

The effect of initial inequality on meritocracy: a voting experiment on tax redistribution

According to Alesina and Angeletos (2005), societies are less redistributive but more efficient when the median voter believes that effort and talent are much more important than luck in determining income. We test these results through a lab experiment in which participants vote over the tax rate and their pre-tax income is determined according to their performance in a real-effort task with leisure time. Subjects receive either a high or a low wage and this condition is either obtained through their talent in a tournament or randomly assigned. We compare subjects' decisions in these two different scenarios, taking into consideration different levels of wage inequality. In our framework, this initial income inequality turns out to be crucial to support the theoretical hypothesis of Alesina and Angeletos (2005). Overall, we find that, only if the wage inequality is high, subjects choose a lower level of income redistribution and provide a higher effort level in the scenario in which high-wage subjects are selected based on their talent through a tournament (than when it is randomly assigned). Thus, we confirm almost all theoretical results in Alesina and Angeletos (2005) when the wage inequality is high enough. The big exception is for efficiency (measured as the sum of total payoffs), since theoretical results are not significant for both wage inequality scenarios

Estudio de la propagación electromagnética en guía de onda rectangular parcialmente llena de medios bi-isótropos

This paper reviews the different formulations of the coupled mode method (CMM) that have been used in the literature for computing the propagation constants and the electromagnetic field in uniform waveguides in the propagation direction. These formulations are the EH-indirect and EHdirect formulations. We outline the main characteristics of these formulations and point out the reasons underlying their accuracy. The results of both formulations are compared and it is found that the EH-indirect formulation gives better results than the EHdirect one for rectangular waveguides partially loaded with biisotropic media. When the EH-indirect or EH-direct formulations of the CMM are combined with the classical Mode Matching Method (MMM) a hybrid technique is obtained that is capable of solving three dimensional (3D) discontinuities without restriction in number. The results of the generalized scattering matrix for the two formulations are compared and it is concluded that the indirect formulation gives more accurate results than the direct formulation

Nuevas características de la propagación electromagnética en el interior de guías de onda que contienen medios quirales

In this paper the electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation inside a rectangular waveguide filled with an isotropic chiral material is revised with the EB formulation of the coupled mode method. This formulation, which can be easily extended to the analysis of the EM propagation in the unbounded isotropic chiral media, ensures de satisfaction of all boundary conditions of the electromagnetic field over the metallic walls of the waveguide. With the aid of this numerical tool some new features, previously no reported in the bibliography, of the EM wave propagation in chiral structures are shown. Some of these new results contradict those of other authors who analyzed analogous cases

The Role of Complementary Monetary System as an Instrument to Innovate the Local Financial System

For decades, complementary monetary systems (CMSs) and open innovation in the local area have coexisted alongside official currencies. Today, when it is most necessary to innovate and act locally to solve global problems, it is appropriate to increase the usefulness of financial instruments, such as social and complementary currencies, which can contribute to building more sustainable and resilient cities and thus achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This research, through a synthetic analysis, contributes to the scientific debate on the usefulness of the CMSs. It examines the practical way in which these instruments can be used to innovate in local financial systems as elements capable of promoting and dynamizing the economic and social relations of a locality

Adicción a la tecnología, camino a la soledad

En esta Tesis encontramos una investigación enfocada a un tema poco común pero que en la actualidad toma mucha importancia, nos referimos al avance de las redes sociales y las nuevas tecnologías combinadas con la adicción y la soledad. Para concluir que la adicción de una persona a las redes sociales y las nuevas tecnologías lo apartan de una vida social dejándole con un profundo sentimiento de soledad. En el comienzo se encontrará una investigación enfocada en el tema en mención, citando profesionales y doctores en psicología, redes sociales y tecnología, creando un texto de investigación donde tratamos el tema en profundidad desde una óptica global, tomando como referencia casos de Europa y américa para luego llevarlos a casos en específico como Latinoamérica y Colombia. Citamos a varios autores, expusimos sus opiniones, las cuestiones en donde coincidían y las que se contradecían. Posterior al texto investigativo, generamos una pequeña base de películas cinematográficas, que minuciosamente escogimos para la construcción de un personaje solitario, adicto a las redes sociales y la tecnología como base para un guión de ficción. También construimos la imagen visual de un futuro corto audiovisual y por último se realizó un guión de ficción y se desarrolló un plan de producción escrito que contiene todos los parámetros para desarrollar un corto audiovisual.This thesis focuses on an investigation found a rare issue, but now takes much importance we refer to the advancement of social networks and new technologies combined with addiction and loneliness. To conclude that a person's addiction to social networks and new technologies make the social life away leaving you with a deep sense of loneliness. In the early research focused on the issue in question, citing doctors and professionals in psychology, social networks and technology, creating a research text which discussed the issue in depth, from a global perspective, taking reference to cases in Europe and America so then take specific cases as Latin America and Colombia. We cite several issues authors, we discussed their views when they are agree and when they contradicted. After the research text we generate short-based films which carefully chose for the construction of a lonely character, addicted to social networks and new technology as the basis for a fiction script and also build the visual image for a future audiovisual short film. Finally we building a fiction script and develop a written production plan containing all parameters to devise a short audiovisual film.Comunicador (a) SocialPregrad