Atmospheric pollution: brief review of the situation in Portugal and the impacts on public health

A necessidade de implementação de ações de mitigação de emissões de poluentes atmosféricos e de redução de concentrações de poluentes para a população e meio envolvente requer uma análise temporal da evolução de emissões, concentrações e indicadores representativos de efeitos na saúde potencialmente associados à poluição atmosférica. Foi possível realizar uma análise comparativa entre 2009 e 2015 considerando a distribuição geográfica no território continental português, abordando: as emissões de poluentes óxidos de azoto (NOx), óxidos de enxofre (SOx), metano (CH4 ), dióxido de carbono (CO2 ), amoníaco (NH3 ), partículas suspensas no ar com diâmetro aerodinâmico inferior a 10 μm (PM10), partículas suspensas no ar com diâmetro aerodinâmico inferior a 2.5 μm (PM2.5); as concentrações médias anuais dos principais poluentes SO2 , NO2 , ozono (O3 ), PM10 e PM2.5; e indicadores de saúde pública (número de mortes por causa definida, potencialmente associada à poluição atmosférica). Relativamente aos efeitos na saúde, observaram-se diferentes tendências em cada causa de morte associada, e identificaram-se as regiões Norte, Centro e Lisboa como as mais afetadas. As diferenças registadas podem ser analisadas como evidências de existências de fatores externos que condicionam e determinam as variações do número de mortes registado de ano para ano nas diferentes regiões.The need to implement actions to mitigate emissions of atmospheric pollutants and to reduce concentrations of pollutants to the population and the environment requires a temporal analysis of the evolution of emissions, concentrations and indicators representing health ef fects potentially associated with air pollution. It was possible to carr y out a comparative analysis between 2009 and 2015 considering the geographical distribution in the Por tuguese mainland, addressing pollutant emissions nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx), methane (CH4 ), carbon dioxide (CO2 ), ammonia (NH3 ), inhalable coarse par ticles with a diameter of 10 μm or less (PM10), fine par ticles with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5), the annual average concentrations of the main pollutants (SO2 , NO2 , O3 , PM10, PM2.5); and public health indicators (number of deaths due to defined cause, potentially associated with air pollution). Regarding the health ef fects, it was obser ved that dif ferent trends are presented in each associated cause of death, being able to identif y the zones of Nor th, Center and Lisbon as the most af fected in these causes of death. The dif ferences recorded can be analy zed as evidence of existences of ex ternal factors that determine the variations in the number of deaths recorded from year to year in dif ferent regions.Projeto financiado pelo FEDER-COMPETE e pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016752), (P2020-PTDC/AAG-MAA/2569/2014) “FUTURAR - Qualidade do Ar em Portugal em 2030 - apoio à decisão política”.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Integrative and complementary practices in oncologic treatment and the role of nursing

Objective: characterizing the Integrative and Complementary Practices (PICs) used in cancer treatment, and the role of nursing in this context. Method: it was conducted an integrative review of the literature in the months of june and july 2012, in databases MEDLINE, BDENF, LILACS, SciELO and CINAHL through the crossing controlled descriptors cancer and complementary therapies and complementary therapies and nursing. Results: Obtained 34 studies, being the year 2009 the most expressive of publications, being the United States and Brazil the main contributors. The bio-based therapy is the main PIC used in cancer treatment. It was revealed that nursing acts incipiently this scenario. Conclusion: thus, it is expected to instigate health professionals, especially nurses, to seek new knowledge about the object of study, as well as reflect on the paths needed for the most professional approach of PICs

Compartilhamento de dados: desafios para a enfermagem

Apresentação realizada na sessão "Pecha Kucha III" da 14ª Conferência Lusófona de Ciência Aberta, Natal Brasil, de 18 a 21 de setembro de 2023

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Associação de estresse oxidativo e obesidade induzida por dieta na secreção de adipocinas

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-13T18:35:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta__o_de_mestrado_solange_silveira_pereira__t_tulo__associa__o_de__estresse_oxidativo_e_obesidade_induzida_por_dieta_2.pdf: 1454856 bytes, checksum: 1726019e9d9223f35ba5e4774a9a99ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2Obesidade e ingestão energética aumentada exercem efeitos prejudiciais à saúde relacionados ao estresse oxidativo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a contribuição de um estado pró-oxidativo e do aumento da adiposidade em diversas caracterísiticas do tecido adiposo visceral em animais controles (C57BL/6) ou com estresse oxidativo basal (ApoE-/-). Animais de ambas as linhagens foram divididos em subgrupos: dieta comercial e hiperlipídica. Foram avaliados: estresse oxidativo, parâmetros de obesidade e secreção de adipocinas no tecido adiposo. Foi demonstrado que animais ApoE-/- com dieta hiperlipídica apresentaram maior estresse oxidativo que os C57BL/6 com a mesma dieta. Os parâmetros de obesidade foram maiores em ambas as linhagens alimentadas com dieta hiperlipídica. As adipocinas proinflamatórias foram maiores no ApoE-/- com dieta hiperlipídica demonstrando a importância do estresse oxidativo e obesidade associados na inflamação do tecido adiposoASSOCIATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DIET-INDUCED OBESITY IN ADIPOKINES SECRETION. Obesity and increased energy intake exert adverse health effects related to oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of a pro-oxidative state and increased adiposity in several characteristic lines of visceral adipose tissue in control animals (C57BL/6) or basal oxidative stress (ApoE-/-). Animals of both strains were divided into subgroups: commercial and high-fat diet. We evaluated oxidative stress, parameters of obesity and adipokines in adipose tissue. It was shown that animals ApoE-/- high-fat diet had higher oxidative stress than the C57BL/6 with the same diet. The parameters of obesity were higher in both strains fed high-fat diet. Inflammatory adipokines were higher in ApoE-/- high-fat diet demonstrating the importance of oxidative stress and associated with obesity in adipose tissue inflammatio

Estudo comparativo do tecido adiposo visceral e o subcutâneo entre indivíduos eutróficos e obesos grau III metabolicamente normais

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-12T14:59:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_doutorado_sol_vers_o_final.pdf: 1256653 bytes, checksum: b5828df5a1be049fb129892c4b8de338 (MD5) Previous issue date: 7A obesidade está relacionada com desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares e diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Tem sido considerado que alterações que ocorrem no tecido adiposo na obesidade estão implicadas no desenvolvimento dessas doenças. Entretanto nem todos os indivíduos obesos as desenvolvem. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a expressão e secreção de adipocinas pró-inflamatórias e anti-inflamatórias, expressão de metaloproteinases de matriz, fatores relacionados à ação da insulina e fatores imunorreguladores no tecido adiposo subcutâneo e visceral de indivíduos obesos grau III metabolicamente normais e compará-los com indivíduos eutróficos. Houve diferença na expressão de leptina, adiponectina, GluT4 entre os grupos, porém não foi encontrada diferença na expressão de IRS1, CCL2/MCP1, IL-6 e TNF entre os grupos ou tecidos. Os níveis circulantes e a expressão de IL10 foram superiores nos indivíduos obesos, e no tecido adiposo subcutâneo. Embora o nível sérico de TGF tenha sido similar entre os grupos, a expressão e a secreção são mais elevadas no tecido adiposo de indivíduos obesos em comparação aos dos controles. Expressão de FOXP3 e MMPs foi maior no tecido adiposo subcutâneo e visceral respectivamente de indivíduos obesos, em comparação aos controles. De acordo com esses resultados é possível sugerir que perfil encontrado no tecido adiposo de obesos provavelmente está exercendo efeito protetor no desenvolvimento de doenças metabólicas.Obesity is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been described that changes that occur in the adipose tissue of obese individuals are implicated in the development of these diseases. However, not all obese individuals develop them. The aim of this study was to compare the expression and secretion of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipokines, expression of matrix metalloproteinases, factors related to insulin action and immunoregulatory factors in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in grade III obese subjects metabolically normal and compare them with normal individuals. There were differences in the expression of leptin, adiponectin, GluT4 between groups, but no difference in the expression of IRS1, CCL2/MCP1, IL6 and TNF tissues or between groups was found. Circulating levels and the expression of IL10 were higher in obese, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Although the serum level of TGF be similar between groups, the expression and secretion are higher in adipose tissue of obese subjects compared to controls. Expression of MMPs and FOXP3 was higher in visceral and subcutaneous in obese subjects respectively, compared to controls adipose tissue . According to these results it is possible to suggest that profile found in adipose tissue of obese is probably exerting a protective effect on the development of metabolic diseases