A proteomic analysis of the statocyst endolymph in common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis): an assessment of acoustic trauma after exposure to sound

Recent studies, both in laboratory and sea conditions, have demonstrated damage after sound exposure in the cephalopod statocyst sensory epithelium, which secretes endolymph protein. Here, the proteomic analysis of the endolymph was performed before and after sound exposure to assess the effects of exposure to low intensity, low frequency sounds on the statocyst endolymph of the Mediterranean common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis), determining changes in the protein composition of the statocyst endolymph immediately and 24 h after sound exposure. Significant differences in protein expression were observed, especially 24 h after exposure. A total of 37 spots were significantly different in exposed specimens, 17 of which were mostly related to stress and cytoskeletal structure. Among the stress proteins eight spots corresponding to eight hemocyanin isoforms were under-expressed possible due to lower oxygen consumption. In addition, cytoskeletal proteins such as tubulin alpha chain and intermediate filament protein were also down-regulated after exposure. Thus, endolymph analysis in the context of acoustic stress allowed us to establish the effects at the proteome level and identify the proteins that are particularly sensitive to this type of trauma

Assessment of nutritional status by dual X-Ray absorptiometry in women with rheumatoid arthritis: a case-control study

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been related to an impairment of the nutritional status. Body mass index (BMI) has been used but questions arise about how to properly evaluate nutritional status in RA patients. Few studies have evaluated it by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.In women with RA, to analyze:Case-control study including 89 women with RA. The control group was composed by 100 patients affected by non-inflammatory rheumatic disorders. Study variables included age, RA duration, history, activity and disability, and in relation to nutritional status: BMI, serum albumin (ALB), whole body DXA assessment, and skeletal muscle index (SMI).Mean age of patients was 62 ± 8 years, mean duration of RA was 14 ± 9 years, mean disease activity score (DAS28) was 3.7 ± 1.4 and mean Health Assessment Questionnaire was 0.88 ± 0.77. BMI was 27.43 ± 5.16 Kg/m in patients and 27.78 ± 3.98 Kg/m in controls (P: ns). ALB was within normal range in all patients.By whole body DXA, RA patients presented a statistically significant lower lean mass in all locations and lower fat mass in limbs than controls. Patients had a redistribution of fat mass to trunk. Lean mass directly correlated with fat mass.Neither BMI nor ALB correlated with DXA parameters.BMI, appendicular lean mass and SMI correlated inversely with disease duration. Trunk lean mass correlated inversely, and fat mass directly, with RA disability parameters.RA patients fulfilled criteria of sarcopenia in 44% of cases versus 19% of controls (P <.001). In RA patients, regarding SMI, BMI showed a high specificity to detect sarcopenia (94% of the patients with low BMI had sarcopenia) but low sensitivity (47% of the patients with normal BMI or overweight had sarcopenia).RA patients have an impairment of nutritional status associated to disease duration that looks like sarcopenia and that is not predicted by BMI

Characterization and expression of a Pinus radiata putative ortholog to the Arabidopsis SHORT-ROOT gene

We characterized a Pinus radiata D. Don putative ortholog to the Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. SHORT-ROOT gene (AtSHR) and analyzed its expression in different organs during vegetative development and in response to exogenous auxin during adventitious rooting. The predicted protein sequence contained domains characteristic of the GRAS protein family and showed a strong similarity to the SHORT-ROOT (SHR) proteins. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and in situ hybridization showed that the gene is predominantly expressed in roots, root primordia and in the cambial region of hypocotyl cuttings. Increased mRNA levels were observed, independently of the presence or absence of exogenous auxin, in the cambial region and rooting competent cells of hypocotyl cuttings within the first 24 h of adventitious rooting, before the activation of cell divisions and the organization of the adventitious root meristem. The expression pattern in organs and during adventitious rooting was similar to that of a Pinus radiata SCARECROW-LIKE (PrSCL1) gene, except that PrSCL1 is induced in response to exogenous auxin. Results suggest that the Pinus radiata SHORT-ROOT (PrSHR) gene has a role in root meristem formation and maintenance and in the cambial region of hypocotyl cuttings.Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (AGL2002-04225-CO2-01 AGR/FOR and AGL2005-07228-CO2-02 AGR/FOR to C.S. and AGL2002-04225-CO2-02 AGR/FOR and AGL2005-07228-CO2-01 AGR/FOR to C.D.-S.) Partially supported by Xunta de Galicia (PGIDIT06PXIB400003PR to C.S.) University of Alcala (UAHCG2006-028 to C.D.-S.).Peer reviewe

Assessment of inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using thermography and machine learning: a fast and automated technique

Objectives Sensitive detection of joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is crucial to the success of the treat-to-target strategy. In this study, we characterise a novel machine learning-based computational method to automatically assess joint inflammation in RA using thermography of the hands, a fast and non-invasive imaging technique. Methods We recruited 595 patients with arthritis and osteoarthritis, as well as healthy subjects at two hospitals over 4 years. Machine learning was used to assess joint inflammation from the thermal images of the hands using ultrasound as the reference standard, obtaining a Thermographic Joint Inflammation Score (ThermoJIS). The machine learning model was trained and tuned using data from 449 participants with different types of arthritis, osteoarthritis or without rheumatic disease (development set). The performance of the method was evaluated based on 146 patients with RA (validation set) using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, area under the receiver-operating curve (AUROC), average precision, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and F1-score. Results ThermoJIS correlated moderately with ultrasound scores (grey-scale synovial hypertrophy=0.49, p<0.001; and power Doppler=0.51, p<0.001). The AUROC for ThermoJIS for detecting active synovitis was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.71 to 0.86; p<0.001). In patients with RA in clinical remission, ThermoJIS values were significantly higher when active synovitis was detected by ultrasound. Conclusions ThermoJIS was able to detect joint inflammation in patients with RA, even in those in clinical remission. These results open an opportunity to develop new tools for routine detection of joint inflammation

Mujer y patrimonio (el largo peregrinaje del siglo de las luces a la actualidad)

Este estudio analiza la capacidad y el poder sobre su patrimonio que se reconocen a la mujer casada. Se investiga, a través de los textos legales, la situación jurídica de la mujer casada, sobre la que han pesado importantes limitaciones, desde el siglo XVIII, pasando por la codificación española, las dos Repúblicas, el siglo XX, la dictadura para acabar en la situación actual. Las normas estudiadas que se tienen en cuenta son la legislación castellana y catalana. Pese a que se ha alcanzado la igualdad formal aún no existe igualdad completa en el ámbito patrimonial.This study analyzes the capacity and power over their heritage which is recognized to married women. Are investigated, through the legal texts, the status of married women, about under which that have weighed important limitations, since the XVIII century, through the Spanish codification, the two Republics, the twentieth century, the dictatorship and the current situation. The legislations which are studied are Spanish law and the law Catalan. Despite the fact that has been achieved formal equality does not yet exist complete equality in the field patrimonia

El Curriculum en el centro educativo

La planificación, realización y análisis de la práctica educativa exige al profesorado la toma de un gran número de decisiones, de cuya fundamentación y coherencia depende, en buena parte, la calidad de la enseñanza que se imparte en los centros educativos. Este libro pretende ser un instrumento que ayude a los profesores, profesoras y equipos a llevar a cabo las tareas mencionadas que, en el contexto de una Reforma educativa, añaden a su complejidad habirualla necesidad de familiarizarse con unos nuevos planteamientos acerca del curriculum y su desarrollo en los centros

Théorie et pratique de l’action socio-pédagogique

The aim of this paper is to present a training proposal to allow the realization of the training of professionals in both social and educational ways. With it we justify the need to link the theoretical, methodological and ethical actual situations occurring in the workplace. The case of study through the movies allows illustrating, this time, concepts related to childhood trauma psychodynamics of abuse and domestic violence and ways to address it. For the development and validation of this proposal, we convened two Expert Focus Groups (EFG) analyzed the movie Precious, which served as case of study. From the most significant ideas that emerged from the discussion, we analyze different aspects related to professional practices and models of social work and education. We conclude that by watching this movie and with the discussion of the coordinate guidelines that arise from their analysis may be useful as supplementary material to the academic training of future professionals into the socio-educational field.El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una propuesta formativa que permita practicar la teoría en la formación de profesionales del campo social y educativo. Con ella justificamos la necesidad de vincular elementos teóricos, metodológicos y éticos con las situaciones concretas que se producen en el mundo laboral. El estudio de casos a través del cine nos sirve para ejemplificar, en esta ocasión, conceptos relacionados con los psicodinamismos del trauma infantil por abuso y violencia intrafamiliar y las formas de abordarlo. Para el desarrollo y validación de esta propuesta, se convocó a dos Grupos Focales de Expertos (GFE) con los que se analizó la película Precious, que sirvió como estudio de caso. A partir de las ideas más significativas que surgieron de la discusión, se analizan diferentes aspectos en torno a las prácticas profesionales y los modelos de trabajo social y educativo. Se concluye que el visionado de este filme y la discusión de las coordenadas que surgen de su análisis pueden ser útiles como material complementario al académico en la formación de futuros profesionales del campo socioeducativo.Le but de cet article est de présenter une proposition de formation pour permettre à la théorie à la pratique dans la formation des professionnels sociaux et éducatifs. Avec elle on va justifier la nécessité de relier les situations théoriques, méthodologiques et éthiques réels que se produisent dans le lieu de travail. L’étude de cas à travers du cinéma on va servir pour illustrer, cette fois, les concepts liés á une psycho dynamique traumatisme de l’enfance causés par l’abus et la violence domestique et les moyens pour y remédier. Pour le développement et la validation de cette proposition, nous avons convoqué deux groupes d’experts pour analyser le film Precious, ce film a servi comme étude de cas. A partir des idées les plus importantes de la discussion, nous analysons différents aspects liés aux pratiques professionnelles et des modèles de travail social et éducatif. Nous concluons qu’avec la visualisation du film et la discussion sur les coordonnées de cette analyse sera utile comme matériel complémentaire pour la formation académique des professionnels du terrain socio-éducatif

Babel: Cine y comunicación en un mundo globalizado

En este artículo se presenta una propuesta formativa utilizando el cine como material cultural y fuente de conocimiento. Una película como Babel permite trabajar la globalización y la educación de la ciudadanía, con planteamientos que exigen un nuevo humanismo, una nueva relación interpersonal, conscientes de los problemas de comunicación, prejuicios y choques culturales derivados del desarrollo tecnológico. La película cuestiona esta existencia en un mundo global interrelacionado, evocando el viejo mito bíblico de la Torre de Babel haciendo énfasis en identificaciones erróneas, malentendidos y oportunidades fallidas, como manos invisibles que nos guían; o el fin cuyo destino se nos escapa.Babel hace comprender la realidad de la globalización. Nos permite observar cuatro lugares tan distantes como Estados Unidos, Méjico, Marruecos y Japón, no sólo distanciados físicamente. Los cuatro países representan estilos culturales diferentes, tres formas de realización humana. Asistimos al choque, a la incomunicación personal, al aislamiento por la diferencia de cultura y la ficticia proximidad tecnológica. Vivimos juntos, pero aislados los unos de los otros.In this article is presented a formative proposal using the cinema as a cultural material and as a source of knowledge. A film like Babel offers a good material in order to approach globalization and citizenship education, with propositions that demand a new humanism, a new relationship among people, aware of the communication problems, prejudices and cultural collisions derived from technological development. The film Babel questions the existence in a globalize world where everything is interrelated, for this purpose it brings the old biblical myth of the Tower of Babel emphasising wrong identifications, misunderstandings and failed opportunities, as invisible hands that guide our lives; or where destiny eludes us.Babel enables to understand globalize reality. It also allows us to be almost present in four different places as far as USA, México, Morocco and Japan, not only physically distant. We see the contradiction of miscommunication and isolation due to cultural difference in spite of the fictitious technological proximity. We live together, but isolated from one another.Cet article présente une proposition formative utilisant le cinéma comme matériel culturel et source de connaissance. Un film comme Babel permet de travailler la mondialisation et l’éducation civique selon des fondements qui requièrent un humanisme rénové, une nouvelle relation interpersonnelle, conscientes des problèmes de communication, des préjugés et des chocs culturels que le progrès technologique entraine. Le film se penche sur l’existence dans un monde global interrelationnel en évoquant le vieux mythe biblique de la Tour de Babel et soulignant les identifications équivoques, les malentendus et les actes manqués telles des mains invisibles qui nous guident; ou bien la fin dont le destin nous échappe. Babel cherche à comprendre la réalité de la mondialisation. Il nous permet d’observer quatre lieux aussi distants que les Etats-Unis, le Mexique, le Maroc et le Japon, une distance qui n’est pas uniquement physique. Les quatre pays incarnent des cultures différentes qui correspondent à trois formes de réalisation humaine. Nous assistons au choc de l’incommunication personnelle, de l’isolement dû à la différence culturelle et l’illusion de la proximité technologique. Nous vivons ensemble, en étant isolés les uns des autres.O presente artigo apresenta uma proposta formativa utilizando o cinema como material cultural e fonte de conhecimento. Um filme como Babel permite trabalhar a globalização e a educação para a cidadania, com abordagens que exigem um novo humanismo, um novo relacionamento interpessoal, conscientes dos problemas de comunicação, preconceitos e choques culturais derivados do desenvolvimento tecnológico. O filme questiona a existência em um mundo global interconectado, evocando o velho mito bíblico da Torre de Babel, enfatizando identificações errôneas, mal-entendidos e oportunidades perdidas, como a mão invisível que nos guia; ou o destino que nos escapa. Babel permite compreender a realidade da globalização. Nos permite observar quatro lugares tão distantes como os Estados Unidos, México, Marrocos e Japão, não apenas distanciados fisicamente. Os quatro países representam estilos culturais diferentes, três formas de realização humana. Testemunhamos o choque, a impossibilidade de comunicação pessoal, o isolamento a partir da diferença de cultura e a fictícia proximidade tecnológica. Vivemos juntos, mas, isolados uns dos outros

Cuidado na Catalunha rural do pós-guerra. José Quílez, praticante de Almenar

This paper aims to present the testimony of the midwife and practitioner José Quílez, who developed his professional practice in Almenar (small town in the province of Lleida), in order to show how the professional provision of care in rural postwar Catalonia was developed by this civil servant of the local administration. A qualitative study of historical research is developed using the biographical interview as a resource, framed in the phenomenological paradigm, using direct oral sources that have been triangulated with the interviewee's own written sources, bibliographic sources, as well as documentation from the archives of the Official College of Nurses of Lleida. The testimony highlights a noble character forged by the miseries of postwar Spain, which led to his emigration for work reasons from Aragon to Catalonia, where he had the opportunity to develop a solid family project, as well as a strong professional commitment in the provision of care, which is manifested in the rigor in the application of the protocols of the time, as well as the basic principles of ethics and privacy with which he attended to patients.Este trabajo pretende dar a conocer el testimonio del comadrón y practicante José Quílez, que desarrolló su ejercicio profesional en Almenar (pequeño pueblo de la provincia de Lleida), con el fin de dar a conocer como se desarrollaba la prestación profesional de cuidados en la Cataluña rural de postguerra por parte de este funcionario de la administración local. Se desarrolla un estudio cualitativo de investigación histórica que utiliza la entrevista biográfica como recurso, enmarcado en el paradigma fenomenológico, utilizando fuentes orales directas que se han triangulado con fuentes escritas propias del entrevistado, bibliográficas, así como documentación del archivo del Colegio Oficial de Enfermeras y Enfermeros de Lleida. Del testimonio destaca un carácter noble forjado por las miserias propias de la España de postguerra, que conllevaron a su emigración por motivos laborales desde tierras aragonesas a Cataluña, donde tuvo ocasión de desarrollar un proyecto familiar sólido, así como un fuerte compromiso profesional en la prestación de cuidados, que se manifiesta en el rigor en la aplicación de los protocolos de la época, así como los principios básicos de la ética y privacidad con la que atendía a los pacientes.O objectivo deste estudo é apresentar o testemunho do parteiro e praticante José Quílez, que exerceu a sua actividade profissional em Almenar (uma pequena aldeia na província de Lérida), a fim de mostrar como a prestação de cuidados profissionais na Catalunha rural do pós-guerra foi realizada por este funcionário público da administração local. É realizado um estudo de investigação histórica qualitativa utilizando a entrevista biográfica como recurso, enquadrado no paradigma fenomenológico, utilizando fontes orais directas que foram trianguladas com as próprias fontes escritas do entrevistado, fontes bibliográficas, bem como documentação dos arquivos do Colégio Oficial de Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros de Lleida. O testemunho destaca um carácter nobre forjado pelas misérias da Espanha do pós-guerra, que levou à sua emigração por razões de trabalho de Aragão para a Catalunha, onde teve a oportunidade de desenvolver um sólido projecto familiar, bem como um forte empenho profissional na prestação de cuidados, que se manifesta no rigor na aplicação dos protocolos da época, bem como nos princípios básicos de ética e privacidade com que atendeu os doentes