Regional Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions in Great Britain

This work presents the regional differences in electric vehicle (EV) real-world energy consumption and associated carbon emissions during charging in Great Britain (GB). A model was developed considering the variability in road traffic, ambient temperature, and electricity grid profile between the GB regions on EV carbon emissions under uncontrolled and smart scenarios. The results show the variations in EV energy consumption and carbon emissions impacted by where, when, and how an EV is driven and charged. Carbon emission reduction varies from 5% to 33% between the regions when switching to delayed smart charging, shifting the charging process outside peak hours. An optimised smart charging that moves the charging events to periods of low grid carbon intensity reduces carbon emissions from 6% to 55%, affected by region grid carbon intensity and energy consumption

Adoção e uso de portais de governo eletrônico no ambiente do sistema nacional de ciência e tecnologia e inovação: um estudo baseado no modelo UTAUT

The relationships between citizens and governments have been complemented by the intensive use of Information Technology and Communication (ICT) for transactional services online. The Brazilian Innovation Portal was developed by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MSTI) in partnership with the Center for Strategic Studies and Management (CSSM), Brazilian Association for Industrial Development (BAID) and Instituto Stela to meet demands the National System of Science, Technology and Innovation (NSSTI). Based on Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and structural equation modeling technique, the main results of this study showed high predictive significance and magnitude of the Behavioral Intention of Use Portal by the following factors: Expected Performance and Social Influence. Therefore, the social factor is highly influential in the intention to use the technology as well as aspects related to user productivity and the consequent sense utility, plus the ease of interaction and domain tool. Such findings supplement new perspectives in studies in the field of e-Gov, as well as in evaluation of government projects. As relações entre cidadãos e governos têm sido complementadas pelo uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs), sobretudo, pela preferência por serviços transacionais on-line em ambientes virtuais, associada à conveniência aos usuários. O Portal Inovação visa atender às demandas do Sistema Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (SNCTI) do País e, sobretudo, auxiliar os usuários na coleta e transmissão de informações. Esta pesquisa analisa elementos da aceitação do Portal Inovação, identificando os fatores preditivos da adoção desta tecnologia pelos seus usuários. Para atingir os objetivos propostos, recorreu-se à Teoria Unificada de Adoção de Tecnologia (UTAUT) para análise das percepções dos usuários do portal. Os principais resultados obtidos demonstraram alta magnitude e significância preditiva sobre a Intenção Comportamental de Uso do Portal pelos fatores: Expectativa de Desempenho e Influência Social. A conclusão principal do presente estudo é a de que ao considerarmos a aceitação de um portal governamental em que a adoção é voluntária, o fator social é altamente influente na intenção de uso da tecnologia, bem como os aspectos relacionados à produtividade consequente do usuário e o senso de utilidade; além da facilidade de interação e domínio da ferramenta

Effects of ambient temperature and trip characteristics on the energy consumption of an electric vehicle

This work evaluates the impacts of ambient temperature and trip characteristics on the energy consumption of an electric vehicle (EV) during road tests. The trip characteristics are here defined by the driving distance, stop time percentage and average vehicle speed. The analysis uses data collected from real-world driving of an EV in one of the most populous metropolitan regions in the UK for almost four years, using a dedicated monitoring software for real-time vehicle data processing. The results reveal that the EV specific energy consumption (SEC) increases under operation at low temperature, also showing a larger scatter. Significant changes in SEC are linked to auxiliary energy demand and trip characteristics, especially under cold temperatures. Trips complying with a real-world driving test procedure produced lower SEC than random trips at cold temperatures but showed closed values at moderate temperatures. At both cold and moderate temperature conditions the EV presented lower SEC for urban driving, in comparison with rural and motorway operation, confirming its adequacy for application in metropolitan areas. Urban EV operation at low temperatures from 0°C to 15°C has a trip range 28% lower than driving at moderate temperatures from 15°C to 25°C