Sex steroid levels and response to weight loss interventions among postmenopausal women in the diabetes prevention program

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106683/1/oby20527.pd

Endogenous sex steroid hormones and glucose in a South‐Asian population without diabetes: the Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis in South‐Asians Living in America pilot study

AimsTo examine the associations between endogenous sex steroid hormones (oestradiol, testosterone and sex hormone‐binding globulin) with diabetes risk in a South‐Asian population living in the USA.MethodsWe used data from the Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis in South‐Asians Living in America pilot study. The analytical sample included 60 women and 45 men of Asian Indian origin living in the San Francisco Bay Area, who were free from diabetes and cardiovascular disease and did not use exogenous sex steroids. Sex steroid hormone levels were assessed by validated conventional radioimmunoassays, and visceral and hepatic adiposity were assessed by computed tomography. We used multivariable regression to examine the association between endogenous sex steroid hormone levels (log‐transformed) and fasting glucose and 2‐h glucose levels in a series of sex‐stratified models adjusted for age, waist circumference, visceral and hepatic adiposity, and insulin resistance.ResultsIn age‐adjusted models, lower levels of sex hormone‐binding globulin (β = −0.18, 95% CI −0.30, −0.06) and higher levels of free testosterone (β = 0.14, 95% CI 0.02, 0.26) were associated with elevated fasting glucose levels in South‐Asian women, whereas lower levels of sex hormone‐binding globulin (β = −0.14, 95% CI −0.26, −0.02) and lower levels of total testosterone (β = −0.12, 95% CI −0.24, 0.00) were associated with elevated fasting glucose levels in South‐Asian men. Adjustment for waist circumference, visceral adiposity and insulin resistance attenuated most of these associations, while adjustment for hepatic adiposity strengthened some of the observed associations. Similar results were found for 2‐h glucose levels.ConclusionsResults were consistent with previous research, which suggests that endogenous sex steroid hormones are a risk factor for diabetes across multiple race/ethnic groups. Additional studies are needed to determine whether visceral fat is a mediator or confounder of associations between sex steroid hormone and glucose levels.What's new?This is the first study to examine the associations between sex steroid hormones and glucose levels in a population‐based sample of South‐Asian people without diabetes living in the USA.This work adds to a small body of literature examining sex steroid hormones in South‐Asian people, a population at high risk for dysglycaemia.Although sex hormone‐binding globulin has been hypothesized to be a marker of hepatic adiposity, associations of sex hormone‐binding globulin with glucose were not attenuated by hepatic adiposity.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/113125/1/dme12642.pd

Weight loss decreases follicle stimulating hormone in overweight postmenopausal women

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109940/1/oby20917.pd

Sex steroid hormones in relation to Barrett’s esophagus: An analysis of the FINBAR Study

Previously we observed strong positive associations between circulating concentrations of free testosterone and free dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in relation to Barrett's esophagus in a US male military population. To replicate these findings, we conducted a second study of sex steroid hormones and Barrett's esophagus in the Factors Influencing the Barrett/Adenocarcinoma Relationship (FINBAR) Study based in Northern Ireland and Ireland. We used mass spectrometry to quantitate EDTA plasma concentrations of nine sex steroid hormones and ELISA to quantitate sex hormone binding globulin in 177 male Barrett's esophagus cases and 185 male general population controls within the FINBAR Study. Free testosterone, free DHT, and free estradiol were estimated using standard formulas. Multivariable logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of associations between exposures and Barrett's esophagus. While plasma hormone and sex hormone binding globulin concentrations were not associated with all cases of Barrett's esophagus, we did observe positive associations with estrogens in younger men (e.g., estrone + estradiol OR(continuous per ½ IQR)=2.92, 95%CI:1.08, 7.89), and free androgens in men with higher waist-to-hip ratios (e.g., free testosterone OR(continuous per ½ IQR)=2.71, 95%CI:1.06, 6.92). Stratification by body mass index, antireflux medications, and geographic location did not materially affect the results. This study found evidence for associations between circulating sex steroid hormones and Barrett's esophagus in younger men and men with higher waist-to-hip ratios. Further studies are necessary to elucidate whether sex steroid hormones are consistently associated with esophageal adenocarcinogenesis

The effects of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee on sex hormone-binding globulin and endogenous sex hormone levels: A randomized controlled trial

10.1186/1475-2891-11-86Nutrition Journal111

The temporal reliability of serum estrogens, progesterone, gonadotropins, SHBG and urinary estrogen and progesterone metabolites in premenopausal women

BACKGROUND: There is little existing research to guide researchers in estimating the minimum number of measurement occasions required to obtain reliable estimates of serum estrogens, progesterone, gonadotropins, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and urinary estrogen and progesterone metabolites in premenopausal women. METHODS: Using data from a longitudinal study of 34 women with a mean age of 42.3 years (SD = 2.6), we calculated the minimum number of measurement occasions required to obtain reliable estimates of 12 analytes (8 in blood, 4 in urine). Five samples were obtained over 1 year: at baseline, and after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. We also calculated the percent of true variance accounted for by a single measurement and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) between measurement occasions. RESULTS: Only 2 of the 12 analytes we examined, SHBG and estrone sulfate (E(1)S), could be adequately estimated by a single measurement using a minimum reliability standard of having the potential to account for 64% of true variance. Other analytes required from 2 to 12 occasions to account for 81% of the true variance, and 2 to 5 occasions to account for 64% of true variance. ICCs ranged from 0.33 for estradiol (E(2)) to 0.88 for SHBG. Percent of true variance accounted for by single measurements ranged from 29% for luteinizing hormone (LH) to 92% for SHBG. CONCLUSIONS: Experimental designs that take the natural variability of these analytes into account by obtaining measurements on a sufficient number of occasions will be rewarded with increased power and accuracy

The Relationship Between Stigma and Health-Related Quality of Life in People Living with HIV Who Have Full Access to Antiretroviral Treatment: An Assessment of Earnshaw and Chaudoir's HIV Stigma Framework Using Empirical Data.

The aim was to empirically test the tenets of Earnshaw and Chaudoir's HIV stigma framework and its potential covariates for persons living with HIV in Sweden. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used on survey data from 173 persons living with HIV in Sweden. Experiencing stigma was reported to a higher extent by younger persons and by women who had migrated to Sweden. As expected, anticipated stigma was related to lower Physical functioning, and internalized stigma to lower Emotional wellbeing. In contrast to that hypothesized by the HIV stigma framework, enacted stigma was not related to Physical functioning and no relationships were found between HIV-related stigma and antiretroviral adherence. These results indicate that the HIV stigma framework may need to be revised for contexts where a very high proportion of persons living with HIV are diagnosed and under efficient treatment

Effects of aging on the adhesive properties of poly(lactic acid) by atmospheric air plasma treatment

The aim of this study was to analyze the durability of a plasma treatment on the surface of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). We used atmospheric-plasma treatment with air to improve the wettability of PLA by evaluating the aging effect under controlled conditions of relative humidity (RH) and temperature (25% RH and 258C). We studied the durability of the atmospheric-plasma treatment by measuring the contact angle, calculating the surface energy, and observing changes in the resistance of the PLA PLA adhesive bonds. These techniques allowed us to evaluate the hydrophobic recovery phenomenon that the PLA surface suffered as a consequence of the aging process. The results provide the maximum storage time of PLA treated with atmospheric plasma at which the sample retained its good AQ5 adhesion properties; this time was lower than 3 days under normal atmospheric conditions. VJordá Vilaplana, A.; Sánchez Nacher, L.; García Sanoguera, D.; Carbonell Verdú, A.; Ferri Azor, JM. (2016). Effects of aging on the adhesive properties of poly(lactic acid) by atmospheric air plasma treatment. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 133:1-9. doi:10.1002/app.43040S1913

Maternal hormone levels among populations at high and low risk of testicular germ cell cancer

Ethnic differences in maternal oestrogen levels have been suggested as explaining the significantly higher risk of testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT) of white men than black men in the United States. We therefore examined levels of maternal oestrogens, as well as testosterone and alphafetoprotein (AFP), in 150 black and 150 white mothers in the Collaborative Perinatal Project. Serum levels of estradiol (total, free and bioavailable), estriol, testosterone (total, free and bioavailable), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and AFP were examined during first and third trimesters. We found that the black mothers, rather than the white mothers, had significantly higher estradiol levels in first trimester (P=0.05). Black mothers also had significantly higher levels of all testosterone (P<0.001) and AFP (P<0.001) in both trimesters. In addition, the ratios of sex hormones (estradiol/testosterone) were significantly lower among black mothers. These findings provide little support to the oestrogen hypothesis, but are consistent with higher levels of testosterones and/or AFP being associated with reduced risk of TGCT; alternatively, lower oestrogen/androgen ratios may be associated with reduced risk