Przewodzące materiały kompozytowe na bazie poli(3,4-etylenodioksytiofenu) z immobilizowaną oksydazą glukozową

Środki badań statutowych Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego oraz grant Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego dla Młodych Naukowców nr 545/72

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The problem of pth mean exponential stability and stabilizability of a class of stochastic nonlinear and bilinear hybrid systems with unstable and stable subsystems is considered. Sufficient conditions for the pth mean exponential stability and stabilizability under a feedback control and stabilizing switching rules are derived. A method for the construction of stabilizing switching rules based on the Lyapunov technique and the knowledge of regions of decreasing the Lyapunov functions for subsystems is given. Two cases, including single Lyapunov function and a a single Lyapunov-like function, are discussed. Obtained results are illustrated by examples

Stability of a class of stochastic linear hybrid systems

Abstract-The problem of the stability of a class of stochastic linear hybrid systems with a special structure of matrices and a multiplicative excitation is considered. Sufficient conditions of the exponential p-th mean stability and the almost sure stability for a class of stochastic linear hybrid systems with a Markovian switching are derived. Also sufficient conditions of the mean-square stability for a class of stochastic linear hybrid systems satisfying Lee-algebra conditions with any switching are found. The obtained results are illustrated by examples and simulations

Cryptic SARS-CoV-2 lineage identified on two mink farms as a possible result of long-term undetected circulation in an unknown animal reservoir, Poland, November 2022 to January 2023

In late 2022 and early 2023, SARS-CoV-2 infections were detected on three mink farms in Poland situated within a few km from each other. Whole-genome sequencing of the viruses on two of the farms showed that they were related to a virus identified in humans in the same region 2 years before (B.1.1.307 lineage). Many mutations were found, including in the S protein typical of adaptations to the mink host. The origin of the virus remains to be determined.</p

The role of tannic acid and sodium citrate in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles

We describe herein the significance of a sodium citrate and tannic acid mixture in the synthesis of spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Monodisperse AgNPs were synthesized via reduction of silver nitrate using a mixture of two chemical agents: sodium citrate and tannic acid. The shape, size and size distribution of silver particles were determined by UV–Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Special attention is given to understanding and experimentally confirming the exact role of the reagents (sodium citrate and tannic acid present in the reaction mixture) in AgNP synthesis. The oxidation and reduction potentials of silver, tannic acid and sodium citrate in their mixtures were determined using cyclic voltammetry. Possible structures of tannic acid and its adducts with citric acid were investigated in aqueous solution by performing computer simulations in conjunction with the semi-empirical PM7 method. The lowest energy structures found from the preliminary conformational search are shown, and the strength of the interaction between the two molecules was calculated. The compounds present on the surface of the AgNPs were identified using FT-IR spectroscopy, and the results are compared with the IR spectrum of tannic acid theoretically calculated using PM6 and PM7 methods. The obtained results clearly indicate that the combined use of sodium citrate and tannic acid produces monodisperse spherical AgNPs, as it allows control of the nucleation, growth and stabilization of the synthesis process.This work was supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education within Research Grant No. NN507 350435 and by the National Science Centre Poland Grant No. 2014/13/B/NZ5/01356

Position effects at the FGF8 locus are associated with femoral hypoplasia

Copy-number variations (CNVs) are a common cause of congenital limb malformations and are interpreted primarily on the basis of their effect on gene dosage. However, recent studies show that CNVs also influence the 3D genome chromatin organization. The functional interpretation of whether a phenotype is the result of gene dosage or a regulatory position effect remains challenging. Here, we report on two unrelated families with individuals affected by bilateral hypoplasia of the femoral bones, both harboring de novo duplications on chromosome 10q24.32. The ∼0.5 Mb duplications include FGF8, a key regulator of limb development and several limb enhancer elements. To functionally characterize these variants, we analyzed the local chromatin architecture in the affected individuals’ cells and re-engineered the duplications in mice by using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. We found that the duplications were associated with ectopic chromatin contacts and increased FGF8 expression. Transgenic mice carrying the heterozygous tandem duplication including Fgf8 exhibited proximal shortening of the limbs, resembling the human phenotype. To evaluate whether the phenotype was a result of gene dosage, we generated another transgenic mice line, carrying the duplication on one allele and a concurrent Fgf8 deletion on the other allele, as a control. Surprisingly, the same malformations were observed. Capture Hi-C experiments revealed ectopic interaction with the duplicated region and Fgf8, indicating a position effect. In summary, we show that duplications at the FGF8 locus are associated with femoral hypoplasia and that the phenotype is most likely the result of position effects altering FGF8 expression rather than gene dosage effects.M.S. and A.S.-S. were supported by the Polish National Science Centre (UMO-2016/23/N/NZ2/02362 to M.S. and UMO-2016/21/D/NZ5/00064 to A.S.-S.). A.S.-S. was also supported by the Polish National Science Centre scholarship for PhD students (UMO-2013/08/T/NZ2/00027). C.L. is supported by postdoctoral Beatriu de Pinós from Secretaria d’Universitats I Recerca del Departament d’Empresa i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya and by the Marie Sklodowska-Curie COFUND program from H2020 (2018-BP-00055). A.J. was supported by the Polish National Science Centre (UMO-2016/22/E/NZ5/00270) as well as the Polish National Centre for Research and Development (LIDER/008/431/L-4/12/NCBR/2013). M.S. is supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (SP1532/3-1, SP1532/4-1, and SP1532/5-1), the Max Planck Foundation, and the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR 01GM1925)

Manipulation of the society and oportunism of the citizen

Celem niniejszej pracy magisterskiej było przedstawienie powieści Klausa Manna pt. „Mephisto” oraz analiza książki ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem jej problematyki społecznej. Stąd też w pracy zostały omówione dwa procesy z powieści Manna tj.: proces manipulacji społeczeństwem przeprowadzony przez Nazistów oraz proces podporządkowywania się obywateli rządom narodowych socjalistów. Istotnym elementem dzieł Manna jest ich aspekt polityczny i społeczny, dlatego też w części wstępnej pracy została omówiona twórczość autora książki oraz jego zaangażowanie w walkę z faszyzmem. Następnie zostały wyjaśnione takie pojęcia jak: manipulacja, uwodzenie mas, konformizm i oportunizm. W części właściwej pracy zjawiska te zostały przedstawione w nawiązaniu do akcji „Mephista". Manipulacja, konformizm i oportunizm są w powieści Manna ukazane na przykładzie głównego bohatera - Hendrika Höfgena. Rozwinięcie niniejszej pracy koncentruje się zatem na omówieniu losów tej postaci. Manipulacja oraz konformizm zostały w dziele Manna uwydatnione również poprzez zabiegi stylistyczne. Rozwinięcie pracy skupia się także na formalnej analizie książki tj. na jej budowie, strukturze i formie. Niniejsza praca traktuje przedstawione przez Manna procesy jako zjawiska na siebie wzajemnie oddziałujące. Uwodzenie mas przez Nazistów ma istotny wpływ na podporządkowanie się społeczeństwa rządom narodowych socjalistów w Niemczech. Potwierdzenie tej tezy było głównym zadaniem niniejszej pracy.The aim of this thesis was to present a novel "Mephisto" by Klaus Mann and to analyze the book with particular focus on social issues. Hence, the thesis presents two processes from Mann's novel ie.: the process of manipulating the public conducted by the Nazis and the process of subordination of the citizens to the governments of the national socialists. An important element of Mann's works is their political and social aspects, therefore the initial part of thesis discuss writings of author and his involvement in the fight against fascism. Next step is to explain such concepts as: manipulation, seduction of the masses, conformity and opportunism. In the main part of thesis those concepts were shown in reference to the book. Manipulation, conformism and opportunism in Mann's novel are shown on the example of main character - Hendrik Höfgen. Therefore development of this paper focus on discussing the fate of this character. Manipulation and conformism in the work of Mann were also highlighted by stylistic assets. Development of thesis also focuses on formal analysis of the book, ie its structure, texture and form. This paper treats on the processes set out by Mann as an occurrence affecting each other. Seduction of the masses by the Nazis has a major impact on subordination of society to the administration of national socialists in Germany. Confirmation of this thesis was the main objective in this work.Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Analyse Klaus Manns Roman: Mephisto. Im Besonderen sind zwei Prozesse behandelt worden, die im Manns Werk besprochen worden sind, naemlich der Prozess der Verfuehrung der Massen durch die Nationalsozialisten und der Prozess der Anpassung der Gesellschaft an das NS-System

Applicability of electrodes modified with composite layers of conducting polymers in electro- and bioelectroanalysis

Obtaining modified electrodes is a response of electrochemistry to continuous development in areas such as technology, electronics, medicine, biology and many others. Modifying layers allow scientists to build electrodes with required properties such as for example: selectivity, stability, precision, durability, range of potentials etc. The aim of the studies was to modify the surface of gold and platinum with the layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and polyaniline (PANI) doped with various organic acids and their salts. Additives such as p–toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA), dodecylbenzene-sulfonic acid (DBSA), poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSH) and poly(4-lithium styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSLi) were used. The main application of these electrodes was the determination of ascorbic acid, uric acid and catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine). Another modification covered the preparation of PEDOT/polyacrylic acid (PAA)/PSSLi layer with available free carboxyl groups and afterwards the immobilization of glucose oxidase via covalent bond through N-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide (WSC). The purpose of the research on selected modifications was to find electrodes that could be applied in electroanalysis as sensors to determine chosen biologically active compounds. Low capacity current, wide range of potentials, the ability to work in the broadest pH range, especially physiological pH was required. The third modification gave rise to the honeycomb structure with the increased area of electrode surface and the use of PEDOT/PAA/PSSLi allows us to immobilize enzyme