El saber pedagógico y epistémico en educación especial y su reto migratorio hacia la educación inclusiva

The purpose of this article of reflection is to share ideas of the comprehensive framework in the pedagogical and epistemic knowledge of Special Education. What it allows, to address the constructions facing the paradigmatic shift of migration towards an Inclusive Education that from the XX century takes a leading character in the pedagogical knowledge of Latin American education. Among the discourses that Inclusive Education involves, there is equality of opportunities, with evident epistemological gaps within pedagogical knowledge, generating hybrid and incoherent subtleties referring to the challenges and dilemmas that the inclusion of students in traditional educational systems tends to. These paradigmatic and epistemological dilemmas that surround this migration of a traditional knowledge in Special Education, is the reason for critical analysis, which is bearable to problematize the inconsistencies that are being generated as a result of the re-signification of a pedagogy, that from its Early considered an education under normalization processes, with exclusionary and even tendencies and that currently presents transforming ideas, on an approach in evolution that seeks an episteme based on Inclusive Education.El propósito del presente artículo de reflexión es compartir ideas del marco comprensivo en el saber pedagógico y epistémico de la Educación Especial. Lo que permite, abordar las construcciones que enfrenta el cambio paradigmático de migración hacia una Educación Inclusiva, que a partir del siglo XX toma un carácter protagónico en los saberes pedagógicos de la educación latinoamericana. Entre los discursos que involucra la Educación Inclusiva, se encuentra la igualdad de oportunidades, con evidentes vacíos epistemológicos al interior del saber pedagógico, generando sutilezas híbridas e incoherentes referente a los desafíos y dilemas que propende la inclusión de estudiantes en los sistemas educativos tradicionales. Estos dilemas paradigmáticos y epistemológicos que ronda esta migración de una tradicionalidad de saberes en la Educación Especial, es el motivo de análisis crítico, que es llevadero para problematizar las inconsistencias que se están generando producto de la re-significación de una pedagogía, que desde sus inicios consideró una educación bajo procesos de normalización, con tendencias exclusoras e inclusoras y que actualmente presenta ideas transformista, sobre un enfoque en evolución que busca una episteme fundada en la Educación Inclusiva

El saber pedagógico y epistémico en educación especial y su reto migratorio hacia la educación inclusiva

The purpose of this article of reflection is to share ideas of the comprehensive framework in the pedagogical and epistemic knowledge of Special Education. What it allows, to address the constructions facing the paradigmatic shift of migration towards an Inclusive Education that from the XX century takes a leading character in the pedagogical knowledge of Latin American education. Among the discourses that Inclusive Education involves, there is equality of opportunities, with evident epistemological gaps within pedagogical knowledge, generating hybrid and incoherent subtleties referring to the challenges and dilemmas that the inclusion of students in traditional educational systems tends to. These paradigmatic and epistemological dilemmas that surround this migration of a traditional knowledge in Special Education, is the reason for critical analysis, which is bearable to problematize the inconsistencies that are being generated as a result of the re-signification of a pedagogy, that from its Early considered an education under normalization processes, with exclusionary and even tendencies and that currently presents transforming ideas, on an approach in evolution that seeks an episteme based on Inclusive Education.El propósito del presente artículo de reflexión es compartir ideas del marco comprensivo en el saber pedagógico y epistémico de la Educación Especial. Lo que permite, abordar las construcciones que enfrenta el cambio paradigmático de migración hacia una Educación Inclusiva, que a partir del siglo XX toma un carácter protagónico en los saberes pedagógicos de la educación latinoamericana. Entre los discursos que involucra la Educación Inclusiva, se encuentra la igualdad de oportunidades, con evidentes vacíos epistemológicos al interior del saber pedagógico, generando sutilezas híbridas e incoherentes referente a los desafíos y dilemas que propende la inclusión de estudiantes en los sistemas educativos tradicionales. Estos dilemas paradigmáticos y epistemológicos que ronda esta migración de una tradicionalidad de saberes en la Educación Especial, es el motivo de análisis crítico, que es llevadero para problematizar las inconsistencias que se están generando producto de la re-significación de una pedagogía, que desde sus inicios consideró una educación bajo procesos de normalización, con tendencias exclusoras e inclusoras y que actualmente presenta ideas transformista, sobre un enfoque en evolución que busca una episteme fundada en la Educación Inclusiva

How can health systems be strengthened to control and prevent an Ebola outbreak? a narrative review

The emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases are now more than ever considered threats to public health systems. There have been over 20 outbreaks of Ebola in the past 40 years. Only recently, the World Health Organization has declared a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) in West Africa, with a projected estimate of 1.2 million deaths expected in the next 6 months. Ebola virus is a highly virulent pathogen, often fatal in humans and non-human primates. Ebola is now a great priority for global health security and often becomes fatal if left untreated. This study employed a narrative review. Three major databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Global Health were searched using both ‘text-words’ and ‘thesaurus terms’. Evidence shows that low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are not coping well with the current challenges of Ebola, not only because they have poor and fragile systems but also because there are poor infectious disease surveillance and response systems in place. The identification of potential cases is problematic, particularly in the aspects of contact tracing, infection control, and prevention, prior to the diagnosis of the case. This review therefore aims to examine whether LMICs’ health systems would be able to control and manage Ebola in future and identifies two key elements of health systems strengthening that are needed to ensure the robustness of the health system to respond effectively

Marburg virus survivor immune responses are Th1 skewed with limited neutralizing antibody responses.

Until recently, immune responses in filovirus survivors remained poorly understood. Early studies revealed IgM and IgG responses to infection with various filoviruses, but recent outbreaks have greatly expanded our understanding of filovirus immune responses. Immune responses in survivors of Ebola virus (EBOV) and Sudan virus (SUDV) infections have provided the most insight, with T cell responses as well as detailed antibody responses having been characterized. Immune responses to Marburg virus (MARV), however, remain almost entirely uncharacterized. We report that immune responses in MARV survivors share characteristics with EBOV and SUDV infections but have some distinct differences. MARV survivors developed multivariate CD4(+) T cell responses but limited CD8(+) T cell responses, more in keeping with SUDV survivors than EBOV survivors. In stark contrast to SUDV survivors, rare neutralizing antibody responses in MARV survivors diminished rapidly after the outbreak. These results warrant serious consideration for any vaccine or therapeutic that seeks to be broadly protective, as different filoviruses may require different immune responses to achieve immunity

Natural products in drug discovery: advances and opportunities

Natural products and their structural analogues have historically made a major contribution to pharmacotherapy, especially for cancer and infectious diseases. Nevertheless, natural products also present challenges for drug discovery, such as technical barriers to screening, isolation, characterization and optimization, which contributed to a decline in their pursuit by the pharmaceutical industry from the 1990s onwards. In recent years, several technological and scientific developments — including improved analytical tools, genome mining and engineering strategies, and microbial culturing advances — are addressing such challenges and opening up new opportunities. Consequently, interest in natural products as drug leads is being revitalized, particularly for tackling antimicrobial resistance. Here, we summarize recent technological developments that are enabling natural product-based drug discovery, highlight selected applications and discuss key opportunities

The Development and Validation of a Novel Nanobody-Based Competitive ELISA for the Detection of Foot and Mouth Disease 3ABC Antibodies in Cattle

Effective management of foot and mouth disease (FMD) requires diagnostic tests to distinguish between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). To address this need, several enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) platforms have been developed, however, these tests vary in their sensitivity and specificity and are very expensive for developing countries. Camelid-derived single-domain antibodies fragments so-called Nanobodies, have demonstrated great efficacy for the development of serological diagnostics. This study describes the development of a novel Nanobody-based FMD 3ABC competitive ELISA, for the serological detection of antibodies against FMD Non-Structural Proteins (NSP) in Uganda cattle herds. This in-house ELISA was validated using more than 600 sera from different Uganda districts, and virus serotype specificities. The evaluation of the performance of the assay demonstrated high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 94 % (95 % CI: 88.9–97.2), and 97.67 % (95 % CI: 94.15–99.36) respectively, as well as the capability to detect NSP-specific antibodies against multiple FMD serotype infections. In comparison with the commercial PrioCHECK FMDV NSP-FMD test, there was a strong concordance and high correlation and agreement in the performance of the two tests. This new developed Nanobody based FMD 3ABC competitive ELISA could clearly benefit routine disease diagnosis, the establishment of disease-free zones, and the improvement of FMD management and control in endemically complex environments, such as those found in Africa

The Development and Validation of a Novel Nanobody-Based Competitive ELISA for the Detection of Foot and Mouth Disease 3ABC Antibodies in Cattle

Effective management of foot and mouth disease (FMD) requires diagnostic tests to distinguish between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). To address this need, several enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) platforms have been developed, however, these tests vary in their sensitivity and specificity and are very expensive for developing countries. Camelid-derived single-domain antibodies fragments so-called Nanobodies, have demonstrated great efficacy for the development of serological diagnostics. This study describes the development of a novel Nanobody-based FMD 3ABC competitive ELISA, for the serological detection of antibodies against FMD Non-Structural Proteins (NSP) in Uganda cattle herds. This in-house ELISA was validated using more than 600 sera from different Uganda districts, and virus serotype specificities. The evaluation of the performance of the assay demonstrated high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 94 % (95 % CI: 88.9-97.2), and 97.67 % (95 % CI: 94.15-99.36) respectively, as well as the capability to detect NSP-specific antibodies against multiple FMD serotype infections. In comparison with the commercial PrioCHECK FMDV NSP-FMD test, there was a strong concordance and high correlation and agreement in the performance of the two tests. This new developed Nanobody based FMD 3ABC competitive ELISA could clearly benefit routine disease diagnosis, the establishment of disease-free zones, and the improvement of FMD management and control in endemically complex environments, such as those found in Africa

The International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce (INPST) and the power of Twitter networking exemplified through #INPST hashtag analysis

Background: The development of digital technologies and the evolution of open innovation approaches have enabled the creation of diverse virtual organizations and enterprises coordinating their activities primarily online. The open innovation platform titled "International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce" (INPST) was established in 2018, to bring together in collaborative environment individuals and organizations interested in natural product scientific research, and to empower their interactions by using digital communication tools. Methods: In this work, we present a general overview of INPST activities and showcase the specific use of Twitter as a powerful networking tool that was used to host a one-week "2021 INPST Twitter Networking Event" (spanning from 31st May 2021 to 6th June 2021) based on the application of the Twitter hashtag #INPST. Results and Conclusion: The use of this hashtag during the networking event period was analyzed with Symplur Signals (https://www.symplur.com/), revealing a total of 6,036 tweets, shared by 686 users, which generated a total of 65,004,773 impressions (views of the respective tweets). This networking event's achieved high visibility and participation rate showcases a convincing example of how this social media platform can be used as a highly effective tool to host virtual Twitter-based international biomedical research events

Investigating the Ability of Pro-social Emotions to Enhance Cooperative Behavior

This research investigates the use of pro-social emotions to improve cooperation. In particular, it tries to reconcile the results from Noussair and Tucker (2007) and Lopez et al. (2010). To reach this goal the experiment considers different degrees of revelation: no revelation, partial and full disclosure of information. Additionally, I use different microeconometric specifications to accommodate different hypothesis about the motivation of the subjects. My results diverge from those of Lopez et al. because I find that revealing the decision of a single subject at random does not significantly increase cooperation, which is the main result of these authors. Also, my findings indicate that cooperation is triggered only when I reveal information of either 3 or all the subjects in the group, the last case being similar to the public observability of Noussair and Tucker. These authors find a non-permanent increase in contributions, so I do but using a positive framed-experiment with disclosure of additional information, the group’s earning loss. Therefore, random revelation together with the disclosure of information about subjects’ decisions appears to be a good alternative to promote cooperation in a sample pool of undergraduate students. Also, I observe a reduction in contributions over time, but in the random revelation treatment this decay by less than 40%. The most interesting result that I obtain is the evidence of altruism and positive reciprocity in the specification of Ashley et al. (2003, 2010), instead of the matching in contributions reported by these authors