O calcanhar metodológico da ciência política no Brasil

Este artigo preconiza a necessidade de ensinar, estudar e aplicar métodos, tanto quantitativos quanto qualitativos; do ponto de vista teórico e conceitual, advoga um papel muito maior da produção do Terceiro Mundo, particularmente da América Latina e, dentro dela, dos brasileiros. Essa não é uma afirmação “patriótica” ou arbitrária, mas uma decorrência da crença de que teorias e conceitos têm parâmetros culturais e estruturais. Fenômenos inexistentes numa cultura não podem ser observados e não podem gerar conceitos nem teorias que articulem esses conceitos. Fenômenos pouco significativos em suas sociedades raramente despertam a atenção dos pesquisadores. Como exemplo extremo, os manuais e livros introdutórios de ciência política usados no mundo industrializado não incluem capítulo sobre os militares.This article points to the need to teach, study and apply methods — both quantitative and qualitative; from a theoretical and conceptual point of view, it advocates a much greater role for input from the Third World, particularly from Latin America and, from within this region, from the work of Brazilian scholars. This is not a “patriotic” or arbitrary assertion, but rather one which follows from the belief that theories and concepts have cultural and structural parameters. Phenomena which do not exist in a culture cannot be observed, cannot generate concepts, and cannot generate theories which connect these concepts. Phenomena of little significance in their societies rarely attract the attention of researchers. As an extreme example, the introductory manuals and books in political science used in the industrialized world do not include chapters on the military.Cet article préconise la nécessité d’enseigner, d’étudier et d’appliquer des méthodes, aussi bien quantitatives que qualitatives. Du point de vue théorique et conceptuel, il appelle à un rôle beaucoup plus important de la production du tiers monde, en particulier de l’Amérique Latine et, parmi celle-ci, celle des Brésiliens. Il ne s’agit pas d’une affirmation “patriotique” ou arbitraire, mais du résultat de la conviction selon laquelle les théories et les concepts ont des paramètres culturels et structurels. Les phénomènes inexistants dans une culture ne peuvent pas être observés, ne peuvent pas générer de concepts, ni de théories qui articulent ces concepts. Les phénomènes peu significatifs dans leurs sociétés attirent rarement l’attention des chercheurs. Comme exemple extrême, les manuels et les livres d’introduction à la science politique utilisés dans le monde industrialisé n’on pas de chapitre sur les militaires.Este artículo preconiza la necesidad de enseñar, estudiar y aplicar métodos — tanto cuantitativos como cualitativos; desde el punto de vista teórico y conceptual, defiende un papel mucho mayor de la producción del Tercer Mundo, particularmente de América Latina y, dentro de esta, de los brasileños. Esa no es una afirmación “patriótica” o arbitraria, sino una consecuencia de la creencia de que las teorías y conceptos tienen parámetros culturales y estructurales. Fenómenos inexistentes en una cultura no pueden ser observados, no pueden generar conceptos, ni teorías que articulen esos conceptos. Fenómenos poco significativos en sus sociedades raramente despiertan la atención de los investigadores. Como ejemplo extremo, los manuales y libros introductorios de ciencia política usados en el mundo industrializado no incluyen capítulos sobre los militares

Gênero e trauma

As conseqüências sociais e psicológicas da violência urbana sobre os parentes e amigos de pessoas vitimadas por mortes violentas (homicídio, suicídio ou acidentes) são analisadas à luz das diferenças de gênero. A literatura especializada nesta área propõe que mulheres e homens vivenciam experiências traumáticas de forma peculiar. Porém, os traumas típicos são diferentes em cada gênero, deixando em aberto a questão sobre quanto das diferenças entre as respostas se devem a gênero e quanto se devem ao tipo de trauma. Testamos a hipótese de que as mulheres são mais suscetíveis à desordem de estresse pós-trauma (DEPT) numa situação traumática comum, usando dados qualitativos e quantitativos. Comparamos os sintomas do trauma e as percepções sobre o significado da perda de seus entes queridos. A amostra, de 425 mulheres (62%) e 265 homens (38%), foi retirada de uma lista de parentes de pessoas que sofreram morte violenta na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Incluímos trinta relatos de parentes e amigos próximos das vítimas diretas. Os resultados revelaram que 54% das mulheres e 41% dos homens tiveram o cotidiano alterado depois da morte de um parente/amigo. Há diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos problemas de saúde e na diversão. Essa área foi a mais afetada, atingindo metade dos entrevistados. Uma variável intimamente correlacionada com os sintomas da DEPT é o contato com o corpo: controlando a extensão do contato (fez o reconhecimento do corpo; viu, mas não reconheceu e nem viu nem reconheceu). Em cada uma dessas categorias, as mulheres foram mais afetadas do que os homens. O artigo conclui que as mulheres sentem mais as perdas do que os homens, mas que parte das diferenças não são internas aos gêneros, mas externas a eles, dependendo das interações e dos contatos pessoais

PERFIL DOS BIOMARCADORES DO ESTRESSE OXIDATIVO EM PACIENTES COM DIABETES GESTACIONAL

O Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é um problema de saúde pública que vem crescendo gradativamente. A incidência de DM atinge proporções epidêmicas no qual acarreta um alto custo tanto econômico quanto social

APRESENTAÇÃO

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/geouerj.2013.1148

Evaluation of s355nl Steel Welded by Flux Cored Arc Welding Using Different Tubular Wires

High strength low alloy (HSLA) steels are used in several industrial sectors, as they have good mechanical strength and easy weldability. This HSLA is present in several areas, such as naval, petrochemical, piping, and civil construction. S355 NL steel is HSLA grade and has its application in the manufacture of the Brazilian submarine. For the manufacture and finishing of a Brazilian submarine, countless welds are performed during the assembly steps. The welding process currently applied is FCAW (Flux Cored Arc Welding), and the currently applied filler metal is of French origin. However, this import, from France to Brazil, makes manufacturing costs high and the waiting time for the imported product to arrive is long. Thus, in this work, the idea was to characterize a national filler metal (Brazilian) that similarly maintained the microstructure and consequently its mechanical and electrochemical properties concerning the imported filler metal (French). Therefore, the present work aimed at the microstructural, mechanical, and electrochemical characterization of S355NL structural steel welded by the FCAW process with national tubular wire (Brazilian) and imported tubular wire (French). We performed microstructural characterization with the aid of optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For the mechanical characterization, we performed the following tests: tensile test, Vickers hardness, and impact at room temperature and -40ºC. In the electrochemical characterization, it generated polarization curves where the samples were exposed to a 3.5% NaCl solution to test the behavior in corrosive media. The results showed that the wires, national and imported, behaved homogeneously and uniformly concerning the mechanical properties. In the electrochemical part, the national material presented in the weld metal a corrosion current density interesting. Therefore, the national tubular wire is a promising filler metal for the welding application of this Brazilian submarine

Cerebral Candida albicans Infection in Two dogs

Background: Candida spp. are pleomorphic fungi that are commensal inhabitants of the oral, gastrointestinal, upper respiratory and urogenital mucosa of mammals. Candida albicans is described as the most important species. This opportunistic pathogen may produce local or systemic infections in dogs. Local infections have been reported in several tissues and systemic infection is rare in dogs with few reports in the literature describing this presentation. The aim of the present study was to report two cases of cerebral Candida albicans infection in dogs in Brazil.Case: Two cases of cerebral Candida albicans infection in dogs that showed nervous signs are described. In both cases, the brain showed marked asymmetry of the telencephalic hemispheres with multifocal to coalescing yellowish or reddish areas and a partial loss of distinction between gray and white matter. In Case 1, the mediastinal, tracheobronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes, as well as the right kidney and adrenal gland, showed altered architecture due to numerous whitish gray nodules. Histological lesions were characterized by granulomatous (case 1) or pyogranulomatous (case 2) necrotizing meningoencephalitis with intralesional fungal organisms. In case 1, similar granulomatous infiltrate with intralesional fungal organisms was also seen in the lymph nodes, kidney and adrenal gland. In case 2, there was evidence consistent with an underlying infection of canine distemper virus. Were observed lymphoplasmocytic interstitial pneumonia, lymphoid rarefaction in lymph nodes, and viral intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the epithelial cells of the stomach and vesical urothelium. In these two cases, the fungal organisms displayed three different morphological patterns. The first pattern was characterized by delicate tubular structures with thin parallel walls that were rarely septate and tended to undulate slightly, and measured approximately 4-20 µm (true hyphae). The second pattern was characterized by chains of elongated yeast, separated by constrictions at septal sites, and measured approximately 4-10 µm (pseudohyphae). The other morphological pattern, which was rarely observed, was characterized by round budding yeast cells that measured 3-4 µm in diameter and were often elongated by the germ tube. Sections were also stained using immunohistochemical antibodies against Candida albicans. The fungi revealed strong immunolabelling of the cytoplasm and wall for Candida albicans.Discussion: The diagnosis was based on the histomorphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the agent, which were consistent with Candida albicans. In these two cases, immunocompromise appeared to have been an important factor in the progression of the infection. In case 1, the dog was senile and treated with corticosteroids, conditions that could effectively limit innate, humoral and cell-mediated immune response to infection. In case 2, the dog displayed cachexia and was infected by canine distemper virus, evidenced by the presence of viral inclusion bodies. The inflammatory reactions in both cases were characteristic of fungal infections, but were distinct due to differences in the infectious process. In case 1, there was a subacute to chronic progression; while in case 2 neutrophilic infiltrate predominated, suggesting an acute progression. The different morphological patterns of the fungi suggested a pleomorphic fungi and the immunohistochemistry allowed us to identify the infectious agent. In conclusion, opportunistic infections caused by Candida albicans should be considered when diagnosing diseases that affect the central nervous system of dogs, particularly in immunosuppressed animals

On the mechanical behavior of an Al 7075 alloy deformed by asymmetrical and conventional rolling

Samples of the Al 7075 naturally and artificially aged were processed by conventional and asymmetricalrolling with 5% of thickness reduction. The rolling processes were evaluated under room temperature andunder warm condition (130°C). Mechanical properties were evaluated by uniaxial tensile and Vickersmicrohardness tests. Microstructure evolutions were followed by optical microscopy analysis. Naturally agedsamples showed better yield strengthening under warm processing. Greater ultimate stress and ductility underroom temperature processing was also noticed in naturally aged specimens. Artificially aged samples showedbetter mechanical properties under room temperature, softening under warm processing due to grain recoveryprocess. Microhardness tests showed expected results for both rolling types, especially on asymmetricalrolling with the higher predictions were observed. Micrographs have shown no expressive grain changes orrefinement although its flattening was observed. Precipitates were analyzed by EDS/SEM revealing thepresence of MgZn2 and CuMgAl along the matrix that provides plastic strengthening.Keywords: Aging, asymmetrical rolling, conventional rolling, mechanical behavior, Al 7075 alloy

Clasificación de riesgo y tiempo puerta-antibiótico en pacientes con sospecha de sepsis

Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre la clasificación de riesgo y el tiempo puerta-antibiótico en pacientes con sospecha de sepsis. Método: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, con una muestra de 232 pacientes con sospecha de sepsis atendidos en el departamento de emergencias. Se dividieron en 2 grupos: con y sin clasificación de riesgo. Una vez identificado el tiempo puerta-antibiótico, se realizó un análisis de varianza de un factor con la prueba post hoc de Bonferroni o la prueba t de Student independiente para variables cuantitativas continuas; pruebas de correlación de Pearson, correlación biserial puntual o correlación biserial para análisis de asociación; y procedimiento de bootstrap cuando no había distribución normal de variables. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el software Statistical Package for the Social  Sciences. Resultados: el tiempo puerta-antibiótico no difirió entre el grupo que recibió clasificación de riesgo en comparación con el que no fue clasificado. El tiempo puerta-antibiótico fue significativamente más corto en el grupo que recibió una clasificación de riesgo de alta prioridad. Conclusión: no hubo asociación entre el tiempo puerta-antibiótico y si se realizó o no la clasificación de riesgo, ni con la hospitalización en enfermería y en unidad de cuidados intensivos, ni con la duración de la estancia hospitalaria. Se observó que cuanto mayor era la prioridad, más corto era el tiempo puerta-antibiótico.Objective: to evaluate the association between risk classification and door-to-antibiotic time in patients with suspected sepsis. Method: retrospective cohort study, with a sample of 232 patients with suspected sepsis treated at the emergency department. They were divided into 2 groups: with and without risk classification. Once the door-to-antibiotic time was identified, one-way analysis of variance was performed with Bonferroni post hoc test or independent Student’s t-test for continuous quantitative variables; Pearson correlation tests, point-biserial correlation or biserial correlation for association analyses; and bootstrap procedure when there was no normal distribution of variables. For data analysis, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software was used. Results: the door-to-antibiotic time did not differ between the group that received risk classification compared to the one that was not classified. Door-to-antibiotic time was significantly shorter in the group that received a high priority risk classification. Conclusion: there was no association between door-to-antibiotic time and whether or not the risk classification was performed, nor with hospitalization in infirmaries and intensive care units, or with the length of hospital stay. It was observed that the higher the priority, the shorter the door-to-antibiotic time.Objetivo: avaliar a associação entre a realização de classificação de risco e o tempo porta-antibiótico no paciente com suspeita de sepse. Método: estudo de coorte retrospectivo, com amostra de 232 pacientes com suspeita de sepse atendidos no pronto atendimento. Foram distribuídos em 2 grupos: com e sem classificação de risco. Identificado o tempo porta-antibiótico, realizou-se análise de variância de um fator com post hoc de Bonferroni ou teste T-Student independente para variáveis quantitativas contínuas; testes de correlação de Pearson, correlação bisserial por pontos ou correlação bisserial para análises de associação; e procedimento de bootstrap quando não havia distribuição normal de variáveis. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizado o software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Resultados: o tempo porta-antibiótico não diferiu entre o grupo que recebeu classificação de risco comparado ao que não foi classificado. O tempo porta-antibiótico foi significativamente menor no grupo que recebeu classificação de risco de alta prioridade. Conclusão: não houve associação entre o tempo porta-antibiótico e a realização ou não da classificação de risco, tampouco com internação em enfermaria e em unidade de terapia intensiva, ou com o tempo de internação hospitalar. Observou-se que quanto maior a prioridade, menor o tempo porta-antibiótico