Gestão dos custos da qualidade em apoio à tomada de decisão

A fabricação de produtos com defeito é uma realidade mesmo diante dos avanços tecnológicos e das modernas técnicas de gerenciamento da produção. Esse fenômeno tem causas raízes, traz custos indesejáveis e não planejados, pois, insumos e recursos foram empregados. As indústrias necessitam estabelecer ações para destinação desses produtos rejeitados ou reprovados pelos requisitos de qualidade com o objetivo de minimizar os custos da qualidade na categoria falhas, considerando os riscos de recuperação em detrimento aos custos com falhas externas ou descarte destes produtos. A combinação ótima entre investimentos em qualidade, a fim de prevenir defeitos, em comparação aos altos custos com falhas, é um fator preponderante para as organizações rumarem na direção da melhoria contínua da qualidade, considerando que qualidade também é reduzir custos com atividades que não agregam valor, como inspeções pós produção e falhas. Portanto, este trabalho apresenta uma revisão de literatura acerca do tema custos da qualidade com o objetivo de sistematizar a informação de vários autores e ainda encontrar lacunas ou oportunidades de estudo. Além dos conceitos e definições, a revisão aborda a metodologia PAF para classificação, medição e gestão dos custos da qualidade com algumas considerações críticas e adaptações a implementação do referido modelo. O foco da discussão é a gestão dos custos da qualidade quanto a viabilidade econômica do retrabalho ou descarte de produtos com defeito considerando as dimensões qualidade e custo no processo decisório.The production of faulty products is a reality even in the face of technological advances and of modern production management techniques. This phenomenon has roots causes, brings unwanted and unplanned costs therefore inputs and resources were employed. The industries need to establish actions to destination of these products rejected or failed quality requirements in order to minimize the costs of quality in category crashes, considering the risks over recovery of the costs with external failures or disposal of these products. The optimum combination between investment in quality, in order to prevent defects, compared to the high costs of failure, is a major factor for organizations moving towards the continuous improvement of quality, whereas quality is also lower costs with activities that don't add value, as post production inspections and crashes. Therefore, this paper presents a review of the literature on the subject of quality costs in order to systematize the information of several authors and still find gaps or opportunities for study. In addition to the concepts and definitions, the review discusses the methodology, measurement and classification PAF for management of quality costs with some critical considerations and adjustments to the implementation of the said model. The focus of the discussion is the cost of quality management as the economic viability of rework or dispose of faulty products considering the dimensions quality and cost in the decision-making process

Aplicação da abordagem das três realidades (Genbutsu, Genba e Genjitsu) na análise de problemas de campo: um caso de estudo na indústria de motocicletas

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia IndustrialEste trabalho tem como principal objetivo aplicar a abordagem das três realidades (Genbutsu, Genba e Genjitsu) na análise de problemas de campo numa indústria de motocicletas e obter vantagem quanto à qualidade do produto no mercado (gestão da qualidade) e a transferência para os parceiros fornecedores de responsabilidades financeiras relativas a alguns desses problemas (gestão dos custos de garantia). Inicialmente são apresentados conceitos que servem de referencial teórico. Depois é feita uma caracterização do contexto onde se desenvolve o trabalho, assim como, as variáveis associadas e um plano para implementação. Com base no plano, o desenvolvimento do trabalho centrou-se, principalmente, na obtenção dos resultados das fases de análise de peças (Genbutsu) e análise in loco (Genba), sendo estes, fundamentais para determinar as responsabilidades de custos e qualidade dos problemas de campo. Após a implementação do plano, avaliam-se os resultados obtidos, principalmente quanto à gestão dos custos de garantia, através da disposição das responsabilidades entre os fornecedores e setores internos da empresa, com base na análise de peças (Genbutsu). Da mesma forma, a gestão da qualidade é avaliada através dos resultados da análise in loco dos processos (Genba), culminando com os resultados das tomadas de decisão (Genjitsu) quanto às ações corretivas, de contenção e de melhoria, bem como, a sua viabilidade (relação custo/benefício).This work main objective is to apply the approach of the three realities (Genba, Genbutsu, and Genjitsu) to the analysis of field quality problems in a motorcycle industry and gain advantage with regard to the quality of the product on the market (quality management) and transfer to partners suppliers financial responsibilities regarding the origins of these problems (management of warranty costs). Initially concepts that serve as a theoretical reference are presented. After the characterization of the context of the case study, as well as, the associated variables, a plan for implementation is defined. Based on the plan, development work focused primarily on obtaining the results of the analysis phases of pieces (Genbutsu) and spot analysis (Genba), the latter being crucial to determine process to deal with the responsibilities of cost and quality field problems. After the plan implementation, the results obtained are assessed, particularly regarding the management of warranty costs, through the provision of responsibilities between vendors and internal sectors of the company, based on pieces analyses (Genbutsu). Similarly, quality management is evaluated through the results of the on-site processes analysis (Genba), culminating with the results of decision-making (Genjitsu) as to corrective actions, improvement and containment, as well as, the determination of its cost/benefit

Application of the three realities approach to customer complaints analysis in the motorcycles industry

This work main objective is to adapt and apply the three realities approach (Gemba, Genbutsu, and Genjitsu) to the analysis of field quality problems in a motorcycle industry and gain advantage with regard to the quality of the product on the market (quality management) and transfer to partners financial responsibilities regarding the origins of these problems (management of warranty costs). The three realities approach and other quality methodologies adapted for this work are presented. After the characterization of the context of the case study, a plan for implementation is defined. Based on the plan, development work focused primarily on obtaining the results of the parts analysis (Genbutsu) and in loco analysis (Gemba). The latter is crucial to determine the process to deal with the responsibilities of costs and quality field problems. After the plan implementation, the results obtained are assessed, particularly regarding the management of warranty costs, which are reduced one third, through the provision of responsibilities between suppliers and internal sectors of the company. Similarly, quality management is evaluated through the results of the in loco processes analysis (Gemba), culminating with the results of decision-making (Genjitsu) for corrective actions, improvement and containment, as well as, the determination of its cost/benefit.This work is financed with FEDER Funds by Programa Operacional Fatores de Competitividade – COMPETE and by National Funds by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Project: FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER- 02267

Computer-aided design and implementation of efficient biosynthetic pathways to produce high added-value products derived from tyrosine in Escherichia coli

Funding Information: The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This project has received funding from the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement 814408 SHIKIFACTORY100\u2013Modular cell factories for the production of 100 compounds from the Shikimate pathway. This work was supported by FCT\u2013Funda\u00E7\u00E3o para a Ci\u00EAncia e a Tecnologia, I.P., through MOSTMICRO-ITQB R&D Unit (UIDB/04612/2020, UIDP/04612/2020) and LS4FUTURE Associated Laboratory (LA/P/0087/2020). Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2024 Ferreira, Balola, Sveshnikova, Hatzimanikatis, Vilaça, Maia, Carreira, Stoney, Carbonell, Souza, Correia, Lousa, Soares and Rocha.Developing efficient bioprocesses requires selecting the best biosynthetic pathways, which can be challenging and time-consuming due to the vast amount of data available in databases and literature. The extension of the shikimate pathway for the biosynthesis of commercially attractive molecules often involves promiscuous enzymes or lacks well-established routes. To address these challenges, we developed a computational workflow integrating enumeration/retrosynthesis algorithms, a toolbox for pathway analysis, enzyme selection tools, and a gene discovery pipeline, supported by manual curation and literature review. Our focus has been on implementing biosynthetic pathways for tyrosine-derived compounds, specifically L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) and dopamine, with significant applications in health and nutrition. We selected one pathway to produce L-DOPA and two different pathways for dopamine–one already described in the literature and a novel pathway. Our goal was either to identify the most suitable gene candidates for expression in Escherichia coli for the known pathways or to discover innovative pathways. Although not all implemented pathways resulted in the accumulation of target compounds, in our shake-flask experiments we achieved a maximum L-DOPA titer of 0.71 g/L and dopamine titers of 0.29 and 0.21 g/L for known and novel pathways, respectively. In the case of L-DOPA, we utilized, for the first time, a mutant version of tyrosinase from Ralstonia solanacearum. Production of dopamine via the known biosynthesis route was accomplished by coupling the L-DOPA pathway with the expression of DOPA decarboxylase from Pseudomonas putida, resulting in a unique biosynthetic pathway never reported in literature before. In the context of the novel pathway, dopamine was produced using tyramine as the intermediate compound. To achieve this, tyrosine was initially converted into tyramine by expressing TDC from Levilactobacillus brevis, which, in turn, was converted into dopamine through the action of the enzyme encoded by ppoMP from Mucuna pruriens. This marks the first time that an alternative biosynthetic pathway for dopamine has been validated in microbes. These findings underscore the effectiveness of our computational workflow in facilitating pathway enumeration and selection, offering the potential to uncover novel biosynthetic routes, thus paving the way for other target compounds of biotechnological interest.publishersversionpublishe

Molecular determinants of the SARS-CoV-2 fusion peptide activity

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, emerged in late 2019 and quickly spread worldwide, resulting in over 125 million infections and 2.7 million deaths as of March 2021 accordingly to the World Health Organization. Despite the great advances achieved by the scientific community in providing crucial information about this virus, we are still far from completely understanding it. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus, meaning that it is encapsulated by a lipid membrane, which needs to be fused to the host membrane to begin the infection process. Fusion between viral and host membrane is catalyzed by the spike (S) glycoprotein. The S-protein is composed of essential elements for the infection mechanism, namely the receptor-binding domain known to bind to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 during the viral entry pathway. Another important region, known as the fusion peptide (FP), plays an essential part in the fusion mechanism, by inserting into and disturbing the host membrane. There is still not a consensus among scientists in terms of the fusion peptide location on the S-protein sequence, with two major candidate regions having been proposed. We recently used a machine learning-based tool developed by us to identify viral FPs with accuracies over 85%. With this tool a putative FP, previously suggested in the literature, has been identified, as well as other proposals including the requirement of more than one FP. To further address this question, we are performing a systematic analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 putative FPs, using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, which provide a detailed perspective of how these peptides insert and interact with the membrane. In parallel, we are characterizing these systems experimentally. Additionally we are exploring therapeutic strategies targeting these regions. Given the major role of the FP in the virus infection process, this work provides relevant insights and contributes to the fight against COVID-19.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluation of in vitro Antifungal Activity of Xylosma prockia (Turcz.) Turcz. (Salicaceae) Leaves Against Cryptococcus spp.

Cryptococcus species are responsible for important systemic mycosis and are estimated to cause millions of new cases annually. The available therapy is limited due to the high toxicity and the increasing rates of yeast resistance to antifungal drugs. Popularly known as “sucará,” Xylosma prockia (Turcz.) Turcz. (Salicaceae) is a native plant from Brazil with little information on its pharmacological potential. In this work, we evaluated in vitro anticryptococcal effects of the leaf ethanolic extract of X. prockia and its fractions against Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans. We also evaluated phenotypic alterations caused by ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) (chosen according to its biological results). The liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of EAF demonstrated the presence of phenolic metabolites that belong to three structurally related groups as majority compounds: caffeoylquinic acid, coumaroyl-glucoside, and caffeoyl-glucoside/deoxyhexosyl-caffeoyl glucoside derivatives. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against C. gattii and C. neoformans ranged from 8 to 64 mg/L and from 0.5 to 8 mg/L, for ethanolic extract and EAF, respectively. The EAF triggered an oxidative burst and promoted lipid peroxidation. EAF also induced a reduction of ergosterol content in the pathogen cell membrane. These effects were not associated with alterations in the cell surface charge or in the thermodynamic fingerprint of the molecular interaction between EAF and the yeasts evaluated. Cytotoxic experiments with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) demonstrated that EAF was more selective for yeasts than was PBMCs. The results may provide evidence that X. prockia leaf extract might indeed be a potential source of antifungal agents.Fil: Folly, Mariany L. C.. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; BrasilFil: Ferreira, Gabriella F.. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; BrasilFil: Salvador, Maiara R.. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; BrasilFil: Sathler, Ana A.. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; BrasilFil: da Silva, Guilherme F.. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; BrasilFil: Santos, Joice Castelo Branco. Ceuma University; BrasilFil: Santos, Julliana R. A. dos. Ceuma University; BrasilFil: Nunes Neto, Wallace Ribeiro. Ceuma University; BrasilFil: Rodrigues, João Francisco Silva. Ceuma University; BrasilFil: Fernandes, Elizabeth Soares. Ceuma University; BrasilFil: da Silva, Luís Cláudio Nascimento. Ceuma University; BrasilFil: de Freitas, Gustavo José Cota. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Denadai, Ângelo M.. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; BrasilFil: Rodrigues, Ivanildes V.. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; BrasilFil: Mendonça, Leonardo M.. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; BrasilFil: Monteiro, Andrea Souza. Ceuma University; BrasilFil: Santos, Daniel Assis. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Cabrera, Gabriela Myriam. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica; ArgentinaFil: Siless, Gastón Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica; ArgentinaFil: Lang, Karen L.. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Brasi

Caderno de pós-graduação em direito: novas tendências do direito ambiental

Pioneirismo sempre foi uma característica do UniCEUB; outra característica é a evolução permanente. A Instituição sempre acompanhou a evolução tecnológica e pedagógica do ensino. Isso se coaduna com a filosofia institucional que é a de preparar o homem integral por meio da busca do conhecimento e da verdade, assegurando-lhe a compreensão adequada de si mesmo e de sua responsabilidade social e profissional. Destarte, a missão institucional é a de gerar, sistematizar e disseminar o conhecimento visando à formação de cidadãos reflexivos e empreendedores, comprometidos com o desenvolvimento socioeconômico sustentável. E não poderia ser diferente. Com a expansão do conteúdo acadêmico que se transpassa do físico para o virtual, do local para o universal, do restrito para o difundido, isso porque o papel não é mais apenas uma substância constituída por elementos fibrosos de origem vegetal, os quais formam uma pasta que se faz secar sob a forma de folhas delgadas donde se cria, modifica, transforma letras em palavras; palavras em textos; textos em conhecimento, não! O papel se virtualiza, se desenvolve, agora, no infinito, rebuscado de informações. Assim, o UniCEUB acompanha essa evolução. É dessa forma que se desafia o leitor a compreender a atualidade, com a fonte que ora se entrega à leitura virtual, chamada de e-book. Isso é resultado do esforço permanente, da incorporação da ciência desenvolvida no ambiente acadêmico, cujo resultado desperta emoção, um sentimento de beleza de que o conteúdo científico representa o diferencial profissional. Portanto, convido-os a leitura desta obra, que reúne uma sucessão de artigos que são apresentados com grande presteza e maestria; com conteúdo forte e impactante; com sentimento e método, frutos da excelência acadêmicaOrganizadores: Gabriel R. Rozendo Pinto, Leandro Soares Nunes, Naiara Ferreira Martins, Paulo Victor Lima, Pedro Almeida Costa, Pietro Pimenta, Rodrigo Gonçalves Ramos de Oliveir

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio