Enfermagem de Reabilitação na prevenção de quedas em idosos no domicílio

Objective: Identify intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with the risk of fall in the elderly at home; Analyse the result of rehabilitation nursing care on decreasing the risk of fall in the elderly at home. Methodology: Descriptive case study with three participants who are patients that are integrated into long-term care team unit integrated in the community care, with neurological and balance changes, targets of rehabilitation nursing care with potential for recovery. Results: During eight weeks of implementation of the rehabilitation nursing care program, there was a decrease in intrinsic risk factors for falls, related to balance, transfers and mobility. When evaluating the results obtained it is possible to observe that all the participants obtained gains. In all cases there were gains in the ability of the participants to perform your daily living activities the in 45 points and an increase in the Equilibrium of 42 points. The evolution in the degree of dependence occurred only in one case, and in the other two cases, severe dependence was maintained. Conclusion: The rehabilitation nursing care produce gains in balance and decreased dependency which consequently reduces the risk of fall in the elderly at home. The rehabilitation nursing at home in subacute phases of neurological disease can enhance these results.Objetivo: Identificar factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos asociados a riesgos de caídas en ancianos en el hogar; Analizar el resultado de cuidados de enfermería de rehabilitación en la disminución de los riesgos de caídas de los ancianos en el hogar. Métodos: Estudio de caso descriptivo con tres participantes que son pacientes que están integrados en el equipo de Cuidados Continuados Integrados de la Unidad de Cuidados de la Comunidad, con alteraciones de origen neurológicos y con alteración del equilibrio, objetivo de cuidados de la enfermería de rehabilitación con potencial de recuperación. Resultados: Durante ocho semanas de implementación del programa de cuidados de enfermería de rehabilitación se verificó la disminución de factores de riesgos intrínsecos para la caída, relacionados con el equilibrio, las transferencias y la movilidad. Al evaluar los resultados obtenidos es posible observar que todos los participantes obtuvieron ganancias. En general, en todos los casos hubo ganancias en la capacidad de los participantes para ejecutar sus actividades de vida diarias en 45 puntos y un aumento del Equilibrio de 42 puntos. La evolución en el grado de dependencia ocurrió sólo en un caso, siendo que en los restantes dos se mantuvo la dependencia grave. Conclusión: Los cuidados de enfermería de rehabilitación producen ganancias en el equilibrio y en la disminución de la dependencia, lo que disminuye el riesgo de caída en ancianos en el domicilio. La enfermería de rehabilitación en el domicilio en las fases subagudas de la enfermedad neurológica puede potenciar estos resultados.Objetivo: Identificar fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos associados ao risco de queda em idosos no domicílio; Analisar o resultado de cuidados de Enfermagem de Reabilitação na diminuição do risco de queda em idosos no domicílio. Métodos: Estudo de caso descritivo com três participantes que são utentes integrados na Equipa de Cuidados Continuados Integrados de uma Unidade de Cuidados na Comunidade, com alterações do foro neurológico e com alteração do equilíbrio, alvos de cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação, e com potencial de recuperação. Resultados: Durante oito semanas de implementação do programa de cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação verificou-se a diminuição de fatores de risco intrínsecos para queda, relacionados com o equilíbrio, com as transferências e com a mobilidade. Ao avaliar os resultados obtidos é possível observar que todos os participantes obtiveram ganhos. De uma forma geral, em todos os casos houve ganhos na capacidade dos participantes executarem as AVD’s (IB) em 45 pontos e um aumento do Equilíbrio (EEB) de 42 pontos. A evolução no grau de dependência ocorreu apenas em um caso, sendo que nos restantes dois manteve-se a dependência grave. Conclusão: Os cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação indiciam produzir ganhos no equilíbrio e na capacidade de execução dos autocuidados, o que consequentemente diminui o risco de queda em idosos no domicílio. A enfermagem de reabilitação no domicílio nas fases subagudas da doença neurológica pode potencializar estes resultados

Transporte internacional de mercadorias: alternativas intermodais

No âmbito do estágio curricular realizado na DSV Transitários, surgiu a oportunidade de ser inserido no departamento de ROAD (Rodoviário Internacional) no qual foi proporcionado a oportunidade de desempenhar funções de Operacional de Tráfego Rodoviário Internacional. Assim sendo, surgiu o desafio e objetivo de integrar na equipa de operacionais ROAD da DSV de forma a contribuir na rotina diária da empresa tal como identificar os pontos que necessitem de melhoria. Após obtido o objetivo principal de integrar na equipa e desempenhar as funções diárias de freight forwarder, consistindo em controlar o tráfego dos países escandinavos, desde contactar clientes, procurar (se necessário) soluções para mercadorias, organizar a recolha no cliente, tratar do processo de expedição e garantir que a mercadoria fosse expedida, começou a procura de como melhorar as tarefas e soluções apresentadas aos clientes. Discutido três alternativas, otimização do Excel para facilitar as tarefas diárias, estudar o real aproveitamento do reboque e sua otimização e por fim a possibilidade de intermodalidade, mais em concreto o short-sea. Foi decidido que a melhor solução para a empresa seria a opção de transporte intermodal, short-sea, na exportação Suécia Utilizado a metodologia de MCDA, PROMOTHEE, na escolha de alternativas, foi concluído que a melhor alternativa será a Alternativa 1, apesar de não apresentar uma diferença grande no custo, é a que apresenta a menor diferença no tempo de trânsito, algo crucial para os clientes para além do custo.Under the curricular internship held at DSV, arose the opportunity of being inserted in the ROAD (International Road) department, where it was given the chance of exerting the functions of a Road Traffic Operational. Therefore, arose the challenge to be integrated on to the DSV ROAD Operational team to contribute to the company’s daily routine, such as identifying the point that may need improvement. After achieving the main objective of integrating in the sector and performing the daily functions of a freight forwarder, consisting of controlling the traffic of Scandinavian countries, from contacting customers, looking (if necessary) for solutions for the merchandise, organizing the collect at the client, handling the process of shipping and ensuring said shipping, began the search on how to improve the tasks and solutions presented to clients. After discussing three alternatives, Excel optimization to reduce time executed on daily tasks, study the real use of the trailer and its optimization and final the possibility of intermodality, more specifically short-sea, it was noted that there the best solution besides the usual ROAD would be short-sea shipping or the use of a freight train, intermodal transportation more specifically for Sweden exportation. For the choosing of the best alternative, an MCDA methodology was used, PROMOTHEE. It was concluded that the best alternative is “Alternativa 1” although it does not present a big difference in cost, it’s the one with the smallest difference in transit time, a crucial factor for the clients apart from the cost

Desenvolvimento de sistema distribuído para controlo e monitorização de ensaios laboratoriais

Tese de mestrado. Automação, Instrumentação e Controlo. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 200

Dimensionamento e gestão de recursos em redes multi-serviço

Doutoramento em Engenharia ElectrotécnicaEsta tese visa o estudo de métodos para o dimensionamento e gestão de recursos em redes de telecomunicações de suporte a múltiplos serviços tais como as redes MPLS e ATM. Por dimensionamento de uma rede entende-se a determinação da rede física capaz de suportar o tráfego previsto. O objectivo escolhido para a tarefa de dimensionamento consiste em minimizar o custo da rede física cumprindo com os requisitos dos serviços suportados. Este objectivo visa melhorar a competitividade de um operador de telecomunicações, e como tal, deve ser uma das suas prioridades. A tarefa de dimensionamento aparece interligada com a tarefa de gestão de recursos, uma vez que a forma como os recursos são utilizados determina a rede física necessária e a qualidade de serviço que esta proporciona. São abordados dois métodos distintos de gestão de recursos: um baseado no encaminhamento de tráfego sem restrições e outro baseado no encaminhamento de tráfego por percursos de peso mínimo. São formulados os problemas de dimensionamento de redes que resultam da utilização de cada um destes métodos de gestão de recursos e são apresentadas técnicas para resolver esses problemas. Os problemas de optimização resultantes são complexos e apenas podem ser resolvidos de forma exacta para instâncias de pequena dimensão. Para estes casos, são estudados e comparados métodos de resolução baseados em programação linear inteira. Para resolver instâncias de maiores dimensões, recorre-se ao uso de técnicas heurísticas que não garantem soluções óptimas. No caso do dimensionamento com base em encaminhamento sem restrições são estudadas heurísticas baseadas na relaxação lagrangeana e em heurísticas construtivas e é proposta uma nova heurística lagrangeana. São também estudados melhoramentos para todas as heurísticas. No caso do dimensionamento com base em encaminhamento por percursos de peso mínimo são estudadas heurísticas baseadas na relaxação lagrangeana e simulated annealing e é proposta uma heurística GRASP. Em ambos os problemas, as heurísticas são comparadas entre si, verifica-se que apresentam desempenhos distintos e que as heurísticas propostas proporcionam vantagens significativas face às existentes. Além disso, para instâncias de dimensões reduzidas, verifica-se que as heurísticas propostas obtêm resultados próximos das soluções óptimas, o que leva a acreditar que os resultados para instâncias de dimensões superiores são também de boa qualidade.This thesis aims to study methods for the task of dimensioning and resource management of multi-service telecommunication networks, such as MPLS and ATM. The task of network dimensioning consists in determining the physical network that can support the predicted traffic. The goal of the dimensioning task is to minimize the cost of the physical network while providing the required service quality. This goal aims to improve the ability of a telecommunications operator to compete with other operators, and as such, should be one of his priorities. The dimensioning task is related to the resource management task, because the way the resources are used determines the required physical network and the quality of service it provides. Two distinct methods of resource management are addressed: one based on traffic routing without constraints and another based on traffic routing through minimum weight paths. The problems of network dimensioning that result from the utilization of each of these methods are formulated and techniques to solve these problems are presented. The resulting optimization problems are complex and can only be solved exactly for small problem instances. For these case studies, several linear integer programming methods are studied and compared. To solve larger instances, heuristics techniques are used that cannot guarantee optimal solutions. In the case of network dimensioning with unconstrained traffic routing, lagrangean relaxation and greedy based heuristics are studied and a new lagrangean based heuristic is proposed. In the case of network dimensioning based on minimum weight routing, lagrangean relaxation and simulated annealing heuristics are studied and a new GRASP heuristic is proposed. In both dimensioning problems, the heuristics are compared among themselves; it is shown that they have different performances and that the proposed heuristics have significant advantages. Also, for reduced size problem instances the proposed heuristics obtain results that are close to optimal, which leads to believe that they also obtain good solutions for larger instances

FSF: Applying machine learning techniques to data forwarding in socially selfish Opportunistic Networks

[EN] Opportunistic networks are becoming a solution to provide communication support in areas with overloaded cellular networks, and in scenarios where a fixed infrastructure is not available, as in remote and developing regions. A critical issue, which still requires a satisfactory solution, is the design of an efficient data delivery solution trading off delivery efficiency, delay, and cost. To tackle this problem, most researchers have used either the network state or node mobility as a forwarding criterion. Solutions based on social behaviour have recently been considered as a promising alternative. Following the philosophy from this new category of protocols, in this work, we present our ¿FriendShip and Acquaintanceship Forwarding¿ (FSF) protocol, a routing protocol that makes its routing decisions considering the social ties between the nodes and both the selfishness and the device resources levels of the candidate node for message relaying. When a contact opportunity arises, FSF first classifies the social ties between the message destination and the candidate to relay. Then, by using logistic functions, FSF assesses the relay node selfishness to consider those cases in which the relay node is socially selfish. To consider those cases in which the relay node does not accept receipt of the message because its device has resource constraints at that moment, FSF looks at the resource levels of the relay node. By using the ONE simulator to carry out trace-driven simulation experiments, we find that, when accounting for selfishness on routing decisions, our FSF algorithm outperforms previously proposed schemes, by increasing the delivery ratio up to 20%, with the additional advantage of introducing a lower number of forwarding events. We also find that the chosen buffer management algorithm can become a critical element to improve network performance in scenarios with selfish nodes.This work was partially supported by the "Camilo Batista de Souza/Programa Doutorado-sanduiche no Exterior (PDSE)/Processo 88881.133931/2016-01" and by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Programa Estatal de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad, Proyectos I+D+I 2018, Spain, under Grant RTI2018-096384-B-I00".Souza, C.; Mota, E.; Soares, D.; Manzoni, P.; Cano, J.; Tavares De Araujo Cesariny Calafate, CM.; Hernández-Orallo, E. (2019). FSF: Applying machine learning techniques to data forwarding in socially selfish Opportunistic Networks. Sensors. 19(10):1-26. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19102374S1261910Trifunovic, S., Kouyoumdjieva, S. T., Distl, B., Pajevic, L., Karlsson, G., & Plattner, B. (2017). A Decade of Research in Opportunistic Networks: Challenges, Relevance, and Future Directions. IEEE Communications Magazine, 55(1), 168-173. doi:10.1109/mcom.2017.1500527cmLu, X., Lio, P., & Hui, P. (2016). Distance-Based Opportunistic Mobile Data Offloading. Sensors, 16(6), 878. doi:10.3390/s16060878Zeng, F., Zhao, N., & Li, W. (2017). Effective Social Relationship Measurement and Cluster Based Routing in Mobile Opportunistic Networks. Sensors, 17(5), 1109. doi:10.3390/s17051109Khabbaz, M. J., Assi, C. M., & Fawaz, W. F. (2012). Disruption-Tolerant Networking: A Comprehensive Survey on Recent Developments and Persisting Challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 14(2), 607-640. doi:10.1109/surv.2011.041911.00093Miao, J., Hasan, O., Mokhtar, S. B., Brunie, L., & Yim, K. (2013). An investigation on the unwillingness of nodes to participate in mobile delay tolerant network routing. International Journal of Information Management, 33(2), 252-262. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2012.11.001CRAWDAD Dataset Uoi/Haggle (v. 2016-08-28): Derived from Cambridge/Haggle (v. 2009-05-29)https://crawdad.org/uoi/haggle/20160828Eagle, N., Pentland, A., & Lazer, D. (2009). Inferring friendship network structure by using mobile phone data. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(36), 15274-15278. doi:10.1073/pnas.0900282106Tsai, T.-C., & Chan, H.-H. (2015). NCCU Trace: social-network-aware mobility trace. IEEE Communications Magazine, 53(10), 144-149. doi:10.1109/mcom.2015.7295476Hui, P., Crowcroft, J., & Yoneki, E. (2011). BUBBLE Rap: Social-Based Forwarding in Delay-Tolerant Networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 10(11), 1576-1589. doi:10.1109/tmc.2010.246Lindgren, A., Doria, A., & Schelén, O. (2003). Probabilistic routing in intermittently connected networks. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 7(3), 19-20. doi:10.1145/961268.961272Cao, Y., & Sun, Z. (2013). Routing in Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networks: A Taxonomy, Survey and Challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 15(2), 654-677. doi:10.1109/surv.2012.042512.00053Zhu, Y., Xu, B., Shi, X., & Wang, Y. (2013). A Survey of Social-Based Routing in Delay Tolerant Networks: Positive and Negative Social Effects. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 15(1), 387-401. doi:10.1109/surv.2012.032612.00004Shah, R. C., Roy, S., Jain, S., & Brunette, W. (2003). Data MULEs: modeling and analysis of a three-tier architecture for sparse sensor networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 1(2-3), 215-233. doi:10.1016/s1570-8705(03)00003-9Burns, B., Brock, O., & Levine, B. N. (2008). MORA routing and capacity building in disruption-tolerant networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 6(4), 600-620. doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2007.05.002Shaghaghian, S., & Coates, M. (2015). Optimal Forwarding in Opportunistic Delay Tolerant Networks With Meeting Rate Estimations. IEEE Transactions on Signal and Information Processing over Networks, 1(2), 104-116. doi:10.1109/tsipn.2015.2452811Li, L., Qin, Y., & Zhong, X. (2016). A Novel Routing Scheme for Resource-Constraint Opportunistic Networks: A Cooperative Multiplayer Bargaining Game Approach. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 65(8), 6547-6561. doi:10.1109/tvt.2015.2476703Juang, P., Oki, H., Wang, Y., Martonosi, M., Peh, L. S., & Rubenstein, D. (2002). Energy-efficient computing for wildlife tracking. ACM SIGPLAN Notices, 37(10), 96-107. doi:10.1145/605432.605408Spyropoulos, T., Psounis, K., & Raghavendra, C. S. (2008). Efficient Routing in Intermittently Connected Mobile Networks: The Single-Copy Case. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 16(1), 63-76. doi:10.1109/tnet.2007.897962Zhang, L., Wang, X., Lu, J., Ren, M., Duan, Z., & Cai, Z. (2014). A novel contact prediction-based routing scheme for DTNs. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 28(1), e2889. doi:10.1002/ett.2889Okasha, S. (2005). Altruism, Group Selection and Correlated Interaction. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 56(4), 703-725. doi:10.1093/bjps/axi143Hernandez-Orallo, E., Olmos, M. D. S., Cano, J.-C., Calafate, C. T., & Manzoni, P. (2015). CoCoWa: A Collaborative Contact-Based Watchdog for Detecting Selfish Nodes. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 14(6), 1162-1175. doi:10.1109/tmc.2014.234362

Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of top value chemicals from biorefinery carbohydrates

The implementation of biorefineries for a cost-effective and sustainable production of energy and chemicals from renewable carbon sources plays a fundamental role in the transition to a circular economy. The US Department of Energy identified a group of key target compounds that can be produced from biorefinery carbohydrates. In 2010, this list was revised and included organic acids (lactic, succinic, levulinic and 3-hydroxypropionic acids), sugar alcohols (xylitol and sorbitol), furans and derivatives (hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural and furandicarboxylic acid), biohydrocarbons (isoprene), and glycerol and its derivatives. The use of substrates like lignocellulosic biomass that impose harsh culture conditions drives the quest for the selection of suitable robust microorganisms. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, widely utilized in industrial processes, has been extensively engineered to produce high-value chemicals. For its robustness, ease of handling, genetic toolbox and fitness in an industrial context, S. cerevisiae is an ideal platform for the founding of sustainable bioprocesses. Taking these into account, this review focuses on metabolic engineering strategies that have been applied to S. cerevisiae for converting renewable resources into the previously identified chemical targets. The heterogeneity of each chemical and its manufacturing process leads to inevitable differences between the development stages of each process. Currently, 8 of 11 of these top value chemicals have been already reported to be produced by recombinant S. cerevisiae. While some of them are still in an early proof-of-concept stage, others, like xylitol or lactic acid, are already being produced from lignocellulosic biomass. Furthermore, the constant advances in genome-editing tools, e.g. CRISPR/Cas9, coupled with the application of innovative process concepts such as consolidated bioprocessing, will contribute for the establishment of S. cerevisiae-based biorefineries.This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/ 04469/2020, the PhD grants (SFRH/BD/132717/2017 to SLB, SFRH/ BD/130739/2017 to CEC and SFRH/BD/146367/2019 to POS), the MIT-Portugal Program (Ph.D. Grant PD/BD/128247/2016 to JTC), BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) and Biomass and Bioenergy Research Infrastructure (BBRI)- LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER- 022059 funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Docking and electron transfer studies between rubredoxin and rubredoxin : oxygen oxidoreductase

Abstract: The interaction and electron transfer (ET) between rubredoxin (Rd) and rubredoxin: oxygen oxidoreductase (ROO) from Desulfovibrio gigas is studied by molecular modelling techniques. Experimental kinetic assays using recombinant proteins show that the Rd reoxidation by ROO displays a bell-shaped dependence on ionic strength, suggesting a non-trivial electrostatic dependence of the interaction between these two proteins. Rigid docking studies reveal a prevalence for Rd to interact, in a very specific way, with the surface of the ROO dimer near its FMN cofactors. The optimization of the lowest energy complexes, using molecular dynamics simulation, shows a very tight interaction between the surface of the two proteins, with a high probability for Rd residues (but not the iron centre directly) to be in direct contact with the FMN cofactors of ROO. Both electrostatics and van der Waals interactions contribute to the final energy of the complex. In these complexes, the major contributions for complex formation are polar interactions between acidic residues of Rd and basic residues of ROO, plus substantial non-polar interactions between different groups. Important residues for this process are identified. ET estimates (using the Pathways model), in the optimized lowest energy complexes, suggest that these configurations are efficient for transferring electrons. The experimental bell-shaped dependence of kinetics on ionic strength is analysed in view of the molecular modelling results, and hypotheses for the molecular basis of this phenomenon are discussed

Are cluster sets an effective method to induce muscular hypertrophy in response to resistance training?

[EN] There are a plethora of studies that have analyzed the effects of different resistance training methods on muscle hypertrophy. Recent studies have pointed out some potential advantage of training using cluster sets (CS) compared with traditional sets. It is still unclear whether CS are an effective method. The objective of this review was to investigate and discuss the current knowledge about the effect of CS on muscle hypertrophy. Four studies investigating the effect of CS on muscle hypertrophy were found. These studies demonstrated that CS induced similar or lower muscle hypertrophy than traditional sets. Thus, CS may lead to muscle hypertrophy, but did not provide a superior stimulus when compared to traditional sets of equated load.[PT] Um conjunto de estudos que tem analisado o efeito de diferentes métodos de treinamento resistido na hipertrofia muscular. Estudos têm pontuado várias potenciais vantagens do treinamento usando séries em conglomerados (SC) quando comparado com séries tradicionais. Ainda não está claro se as SC é um método efetivo. O objetivo desta revisão foi investigar e discutir o conhecimento recente sobre o efeito das SC na hipertrofia muscular. Quatro estudos investigando o efeito das SC na hipertrofia muscular foram encontrados. Esses estudos demonstraram que as SC induziram similar ou menor hipertrofia muscular do que séries tradicionais. Portanto, as SC podem induzir hipertrofia, porém não fornecem um estímulo superior quando comparado às séries tradicionais com carga equiparada