Educational Measurement im medizinischen eLearning. Begleitende Effektivitätsmessung im Rahmen freier Wahlfächer

An der Medizinischen Universität Graz wird eLearning in großem Umfang genutzt, was durch Zugriffszahlen von mehr als 300.000 pro Monat dokumentiert ist. Als entscheidendes Qualitätskriterium erachtet die Universität die Lerneffektivität der eLearning-Angebote. Die Einrichtung freier Wahlfächer zum medizinischen Lernen mit Neuen Medien erlaubt die Durchführung experimentell-didaktischer Studien an konkretem Unterrichtsmaterial mit Studierenden, die sich aus der realen Zielgruppe rekrutieren. Bisher wurden Studien zur Generierung expliziten Wissens durch Computer-Based Training, die Effektivität von Case-Based Reasoning, den Einfluss variabler gegenüber wiederholter Fälle, die Auswirkungen von Drill-and-Practice, die Kombination systematischer Einführungen in Ergänzung zu fallbasierten Formaten sowie der didaktische Wert ergänzenden Bildmaterials, virtueller mikroskopischer Präparate und komplexer Simulationen untersucht. Im Aufbau ist die partizipatorische eLearning-Gestaltung durch die Studierenden und problembasiertes Lernen durch kooperatives Arbeiten im Netz. Die gewonnenen quantitativen Erkenntnisse werden unmittelbar im Alltag der eLearning-Entwicklung umgesetzt. (DIPF/Orig.

Virtual medical campus: the increasing importance of E-learning in medical education

In 2002, along with the integration of a new, integrated curriculum in human medicine, the Virtual Medical Campus Graz was installed. It accompanies the whole curriculum with electronic materials tailored to the needs of the students and the forthcoming examinations. To date, more than 15,000 learning objects have been developed, and students download up to 200,000 learning objects per month. Particular emphasis is placed on Web-Based Training materials, but video and simulations are also included. In part, transfer of basic knowledge is mediated by electronic learning materials, replacing several hours of classroom attendance. Face-to-face education, in turn, is focusing increasingly on small-group clinical teaching

Liquid biopsy in non-small cell lung cancer: current status and future outlook—a narrative review

Lung cancer ranks first as the cause of cancer-associated deaths gobally. The American Cancer Society estimates for 228,820 new cases and 135,720 deaths from lung cancer in the United States for the year 2020. Targeted treatment options have rapidly emerged for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) within the past decade. Screening for molecular aberrations is mainly done by tissue biopsy. However, in some cases a biopsy is not possible, or patients do not consent to it. Hence, liquid biopsy remains the only option. Relevant data about the topic of liquid biopsy, with a special focus on NSCLC, was obtained via a PubMed search. We included mainly literature published from 2010 onwards, omitting older studies whenever possible. With this review of the literature, we give an overview of different liquid biopsy approaches, as well as their respective advantages and disadvantages. We have reviewed the assessment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status in particular, and go into detail with current use of liquid biopsy in everyday clinical practice. Today, liquid biopsy is still infrequently used, depending on the treatment center, but popularity is steadily increasing. Various different approaches are already available, but costs and level of sensitivity significantly differ between techniques. By using liquid biopsy more widely in selected patients, complication rates can be reduced, and constant disease monitoring is made considerably easier

Stage-based treatment for thymoma in due consideration of thymectomy: a single-center experience and comparison with the literature

BACKGROUND: Thymomas represent an uncommon and heterogeneous group of intrathoracic malignancies which require different treatments corresponding to their individual tumor stage. The objective of this study was to review the efficacy of our applied stage-based treatment for thymoma in due consideration of thymectomy. METHODS: This is a single-center, institutional review board-approved retrospective study of 50 consecutive patients with thymoma treated at our division within 10 years. RESULTS: There were 29 women (58 %) and 21 men (42 %), mean age 58.3 years. Twenty nine (58 %) had clinical symptoms and 14 (28 %) had myasthenia gravis. Forty-five patients (90 %) underwent thymectomy and complete resection was done in 42 cases (93.3 %). Histologic results were 6 subtype A, 5 AB, 8 B1, 12 B2, 12 B3, and 7 C. The Masaoka staging system revealed 20 stage I, 18 stage II, 6 stage III, and 6 stage IV. Two patients had neoadjuvant therapy and 25 received postoperative treatment. Five (11.1 %) had tumor recurrence, treated with re-resection. The 5-year disease-free survival was 91.5 %. Two patients died of tumor progression and three died of other causes (10 %). The 5-year overall survival was 82.3 % and the median survival time was 92.1 months. The 5-year survival rate after thymectomy was 87.2 % and the median survival was 92.1 months. CONCLUSIONS: Complete resection still remains the mainstay in the treatment of non-metastatic thymoma and should be performed whenever feasible. Close multidisciplinary teamwork is mandatory to optimize the neurologic outcome and to prolong postoperative survival

The prognostic long-term impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and postoperative mucostasis in patients with curatively resected non-small cell lung cancer

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) serves as risk factor for the development of lung cancer and seems to have a prognostic impact after surgery for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim was to investigate the impact of COPD and postoperative mucostasis on the long-term survival after resected NSCLC. We retrospectively reviewed the data from 342 patients with curatively resected NSCLC. The prognostic long-term impact of COPD and postoperative mucostasis on overall survival (OS), recurrence free survival (RFS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) was calculated using univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses. We found that 52.3% suffered from COPD and 25.4% had postoperative mucostasis. COPD was significantly more common among smokers (59.9%) compared with non-smokers (21.3%), (p p = 0.006) and between smoking and mucostasis (p = 0.023). Patients with postoperative mucostasis had a significantly worse OS (p p = 0.009) and CSS (p = 0.008). The present analysis demonstrated that postoperative mucostasis, but not COPD, was associated with both worse short- and long-term outcomes for OS, RFS and CSS in curatively resected NSCLC