Object categorisation, object naming, and viewpoint-independence in visual remembering: Evidence from young children's drawings of a novel object

A simple object-drawing task confirms a three-way association between object categorisation, viewpoint independence, and longer-term visual remembering. Young children (5- to 7-year-olds) drew a familiar object or a novel object, immediately after it had been hidden from view or on the following day. Both objects were shown from a full range of viewpoints or from just two viewpoints, from neither of which would either object normally be drawn after unrestricted viewing. When drawing from short-term memory after restricted viewing, both objects were most likely to be depicted from a seen viewpoint. When drawing from longer-term memory after restricted viewing, the novel object continued to be drawn from a seen viewpoint, but the mug was now most likely to be drawn from a preferred viewpoint from which it had not been seen. Naming the novel object with a novel count noun ("Look at this. This is a dax"), to signal that it belonged to an object category, resulted in it being drawn in the same way as the familiar object. The results concur with other evidence indicating that short-term and longer-term visual remembering are differentially associated with viewpoint-dependent representations of individual objects and viewpoint independent representations of object categories, respectively

Psychological Debriefing of Hospital Emergency Personnel: Review of Critical Incident Stress Debriefing

Emergency department providers are subjected to cumulative exposure to critical incidents, which may predispose them to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) is aimed at remediating the effects of a critical incident. Defusing and CISD are two components of the Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISM) model. A literature review was performed to include published, peer-reviewed, English-language articles. Ten publications were identified and included in this review. Findings suggest hospital emergency personnel view psychological debriefing to be important and valuable; however, training and education in psychological debriefing is insufficient. There are mixed results regarding the efficacy of psychological debriefing in reducing PTSD on hospital emergency personnel. Studies indicate that poor adherence to the debriefing process, lack of training and education for hospital nurses and other personnel, and unsubstantiated fears that CISD will exacerbate PTSD symptoms may explain low utilization of the CISM model. Although the effect of critical incidents on urban emergency personnel is available, there is only limited data concerning the impact on those in rural communities

Implementing Electronic Health Records in Nursing Education

Registered Nurses (RNs) make up the largest group of healthcare workers that use electronic health records in the United States, yet many nursing schools do not have electronic health record training in their curricula.  An academic electronic health record (AEHR) used within the nursing curriculum will prepare new nurses to use electronic documentation in a way that will provide safe, quality care, and enable necessary financial reimbursement. To determine the benefits and barriers to implementing an AEHR in prelicensure nursing curricula, a review of the current literature was undertaken in widely recognized databases. The findings were organized using Sittig and Singh’s 8-Dimensional Model of Sociotechnical Change as a framework. Recommendations guided by the literature review include how to use an AEHR in prelicensure nursing courses found in one university’s curriculum.  By systematically addressing and mitigating barriers to implementing an AEHR, faculty in Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) programs will be empowered to make this change to curricula. Innovative use of the AEHR throughout the curriculum can be facilitated by understanding where best to insert this content.&nbsp

The Impact of Burnout Identification and Interventions in Nursing Students and Newly Licensed Nurses: A Literature Review

Burnout is a problem that is plaguing the healthcare system globally, potentially resulting in individuals leaving their respective professions. Worldwide, there is a shortage of over 6 million nurses. Newly licensed registered nurses, both the associates degree and baccalaureate prepared, are poorly equipped to manage the stress and emotional exhaustion of providing patient care resulting in new nurses leaving the nursing field within one to two years of graduation. The purpose of this project was to identify: (1) if burnout experienced during nursing school continues into the new graduate nurse’s career; (2) how this influences the new graduate as a newly licensed registered nurse’s choice to exit the profession within the first few years of work; and (3) what interventions can be implemented to minimize burnout and improve retention rates of new nurses. A literature review was conducted, and the Health Belief Model was utilized to guide appropriate recommendations to minimize the negative effects of burnout. Approximately 175,000 registered nurses within the United States will leave the profession each year for a wide range of reasons. If nursing students experience burnout while in their respective programs, job stressors and job demands can increase the probability of newly licensed nurses burning out and subsequently leaving the profession. Implementation of various interventions have been shown to minimize burnout in nursing students and new nurses and subsequent retention in the nursing profession. It is recommended that education regarding burnout be implemented in nursing programs to provide students with the necessary skills to mitigate burnout prior to entering the profession. &nbsp

Hospital-Based Harm Reduction Interventions: A Systematic Review

Background: In the U.S., the number of hospitalized patients diagnosed with a substance use disorder (SUD; e.g., opioid use disorder, alcohol use disorder) is growing at an alarming rate. Often negatively impacted by stigma, homelessness and physical and mental comorbidities, this vulnerable patient population may benefit from the use of hospital-based harm reduction interventions (HHRIs) to improve overall hospital care experiences and negative health outcomes. Purpose: To examine how harm reduction principles have been successfully applied to HHRIs resulting in decreased negative health outcomes associated with SUD, improved healthcare provider-patient relationships, and reduced financial burden of healthcare systems. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and flow diagram were utilized for this systematic review. Nineteen studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the review. Implications: Four consistent themes that either inhibit or facilitate the implementation of HHRIs (e.g., establishing specialized SUD hospital units, employing peer support specialists, utilizing the clinical opiate withdrawal scale) were identified: ethical responsibility, stigma, structural changes to hospital systems, and noted gaps associated with post-discharge care. Conclusion: HHRIs are a useful treatment option to manage the unique needs associated with the growing SUD patient population

Minutes of UNO Fellowship & Scholarship Review Committee Meeting

Applications were distributed and the scoring process was described. Each application received three completed reviews. The total score was then computed and applications were ranked in based on the total score. Brent Bowen abstained from voting on the entire undergraduate process. The committee agreed that in the event of a tie, the decision will be made by a higher level authority. Lincoln engineering student applications were deferred to the UNL competition. Michaela Schaaf presented the underrepresented scholarship procedures for approval by the committee. The scholarship was advertised to all high school liaisons as a new scholarship which all students are eligible for, but preference will be given to underrepresented minorities. A summer research internship will be provided to a student who has typically completed their junior year. Upon successful completion of the internship and satisfactory academic performance, a four-year tuition and fees scholarship will be awarded to UNO for the aviation or space related field. The committee approved the process. (UNO\u27s Aviation Institute will contribute an out-of-state tuition waiver each year when applicable. Approved Dec. 16, 1996) The committee approved a new policy under which research scholars will not accumulate more than two weeks of time owed to a project. This will ensure that students do not have too large a load at the end of the semester. If no research work is available, the award will be reallocated. The committee approved the following travel grants as awarded. Fred Hansen, Graduate Student, awarded to attend the FAA Explosives Detection Technology and Aviation Security Technology Convention from Year 5 funds. Becky Lutte, Aviation Institute, awarded to attend the Global Aviation Safety and Security Conference from year 5 funds. Peter Suzuki, Urban Studies, awarded to attend the Transportation Research Board Meeting from year 5 funds. Willa Bruce, Public Administration, awarded to attend the Society for Practical and Professional Ethics Annual Conference and to present her Space Grant research paper from year 6 funds. The following students were awarded as a result of the review committee=s ranking. Further details of the committee=s ranking are available from the Nebraska Space Grant and EPSCoR Office if necessary. (These are not in any specific order.) Under represented Research: Darnetta Sanders (H.S. Senior) and Jacquelyn Jones (H.S. Junior) Undergraduate Research: John Carrico, Shadric Thomas, Joe Bell and Lyle Jones Undergraduate Course Work: Ben McPeck, Mary Schaffart Undergraduate Flight: Antonia Krajicek Graduate Research: Becky Lutte, Fred Hansen, Amanda Talmadge, Duane Boyle, Scott Vlasek, Alicia Martin and Aimee Freeman, Tim Gleason, Jr. Graduate Course Work: John Papazafiropoulos, June Evans, Mike Turner, Ron Bojanski, Steve Morrissett

The use of art work in art psychotherapy with people who are prone to psychotic states: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline

This Clinical Guideline addresses the evidence base for the theory and practice of Art Psychotherapy for clients who have severe and complex problems. It draws on different types of evidence – from users, experienced practitioners, local custom and practice, research and other related literature. It addresses both in-patient and community care, and situates the profession and its practices in the context of National Service Frameworks. The document begins with description of Art Psychotherapists’ long-standing history of work with this client population and, in so doing, outlines something of the development of the discipline’s theory and clinical practice. It describes the Guideline’s development, the aims and objectives of the project and the overall scope of the guideline. The processes of generating evidence through consultation with two expert panels – one comprising Art Psychotherapists experienced in this area of work and another comprising service users – are also described. The identification and critical appraisal of research and other texts relevant to the Guideline’s topic, and the development of evidence weightings appropriate to the discipline, are also explained. The Guideline then moves on to an extensive Evidence Review. This narrative describes the evidence the Guideline Development Group gleaned from all possible sources - textual, oral and practical. This includes research-based literature, other academically rigorous and descriptive literature and the opinions of expert practitioners, local practitioners and local expert users. The findings from the review process are described in the narrative and each is assigned to an evidence level. The evidence is reviewed thematically, for example regarding the contexts and settings of Art Psychotherapy practice, the referral process, assessment and clinical approaches. The theory that underpins clinical work is described first, followed by practice itself; the former (theory) derives almost entirely from the literature, but the latter (practice) is significantly informed by the opinions of our two expert panels and by the custom and practice of Art psychotherapists at Oxleas NHS Foundation Trust. In so doing, the Guideline addresses some of the gaps in the current Art Psychotherapy literature. The Evidence Review is followed by Recommendations. These distil the findings of the Review into General Principles and specific Recommendations for Art Psychotherapy practice with users who are prone to psychotic states. Each Principle and Recommendation is accompanied by a brief statement that refers to the evidence it has been derived from; like the evidence in the review, it too is assigned to a level. The highest level (1a and 1b) should be afforded the most significance. The document concludes with discussion of the implementation of the guideline and audit criteria

Abundant Occurrence of Basal Radial Glia in the Subventricular Zone of Embryonic Neocortex of a Lissencephalic Primate, the Common Marmoset Callithrix jacchus

Subventricular zone (SVZ) progenitors are a hallmark of the developing neocortex. Recent studies described a novel type of SVZ progenitor that retains a basal process at mitosis, sustains expression of radial glial markers, and is capable of self-renewal. These progenitors, referred to here as basal radial glia (bRG), occur at high relative abundance in the SVZ of gyrencephalic primates (human) and nonprimates (ferret) but not lissencephalic rodents (mouse). Here, we analyzed the occurrence of bRG cells in the embryonic neocortex of the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus, a near-lissencephalic primate. bRG cells, expressing Pax6, Sox2 (but not Tbr2), glutamate aspartate transporter, and glial fibrillary acidic protein and retaining a basal process at mitosis, occur at similar relative abundance in the marmoset SVZ as in human and ferret. The proportion of progenitors in M-phase was lower in embryonic marmoset than developing ferret neocortex, raising the possibility of a longer cell cycle. Fitting the gyrification indices of 26 anthropoid species to an evolutionary model suggested that the marmoset evolved from a gyrencephalic ancestor. Our results suggest that a high relative abundance of bRG cells may be necessary, but is not sufficient, for gyrencephaly and that the marmoset's lissencephaly evolved secondarily by changing progenitor parameters other than progenitor type

Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial

Background Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy

Evidence for increases in vegetation species richness across UK Environmental Change Network sites linked to changes in air pollution and weather patterns

We analysed trends in vegetation monitored at regular intervals over the past two decades (1993–2012)at the twelve terrestrial Environmental Change Network (ECN) sites. We sought to determine the extent to which flora had changed and link any such changes to potential environmental drivers. We observed significant increases in species richness, both at a whole network level, and when data were analysed within Broad Habitat groupings representing the open uplands, open lowlands and woodlands. We also found comparable increases in an indicator of vegetation response to soil pH, Ellenberg R. Species characteristic of less acid soils tended to show more consistent increases in frequency across sites relative to species with a known tolerance for strongly acidic soils. These changes are, therefore, broadly consistent with a response to increases in soil solution pH observed for the majority of ECN sites that, in turn, are likely to be driven by large reductions in acid deposition in recent decades. Increases in species richness in certain habitat groupings could also be linked to increased soil moisture availability in drier lowland sites that are likely to have been influenced by a trend towards wetter summers in recent years, and possibly also to a reduction in soil nitrogen availability in some upland locations. Changes in site management are also likely to have influenced trends at certain sites, particularly with respect to agricultural practices. Our results are therefore indicative of wide-scale responses to major regional-scale changes in air pollution and recent weather patterns, modified by local management effects. The relative consistency of management of ECN sites over time is atypical of much of the wider countryside and it is therefore not appropriate to scale up these observations to infer national scale trends. Nevertheless the results provide an important insight into processes that may be operating nationally. It will now be necessary to test for the ubiquity of these changes using appropriate broader spatial scale survey data