783 research outputs found
When life gets in the way: Systematic review of life events, socioeconomic deprivation, and their impact on counselling and psychotherapy with children and adolescents
Background
Life events are recognised to link low socioâeconomic status (SES) with impaired mental health. Despite attention to patientsâ historical environmental circumstances in psychotherapeutic practice, events that occur over the course of counselling and psychotherapy (âintercurrentâ events) seem to have received little attention in research.
Method
Life events were defined to include those that are chronic and severe, as well as minor, everyday occurrences. Outcomes were restricted to internalising problems related to depression and anxiety in child, or adolescent participants. Bibliographic databases and citations and review reference lists were searched, and relevant scholars were contacted. The conceptual and methodological nature of the literature is reported.
Results
This review included 42 studies. Intercurrent events varied in severity and duration. Events were most frequently measured using questionnaires. The same questionnaire was rarely used in more than one study, and questionnaires were often adapted for use for the study's purpose/population. Events included in analyses tended to be analysed as a mediator of change in psychiatric symptomatology, or an outcome of therapy.
Conclusions
Attention to intercurrent life events appears rare in psychotherapy research. This contributes to a systematic neglect of socioâeconomic issues in psychotherapy research and arguably psychotherapy more generally. This neglect is exacerbated by a lack of agreed measures of life events, both intensive and routine in nature. Recommendations are made to improve attention to such events
Early-type Galaxies in the Cluster Abell 2390 at z=0.23
To examine the evolution of the early-type galaxy population in the rich
cluster Abell 2390 at z=0.23 we have gained spectroscopic data of 51 elliptical
and lenticular galaxies with MOSCA at the 3.5 m telescope on Calar Alto
Observatory. This investigation spans both a broad range in luminosity
(-19.3>M_B>-22.3) and uses a wide field of view of 10'x10', therefore the
environmental dependence of different formation scenarios can be analysed in
detail as a function of radius from the cluster centre. Here we present results
on the surface brightness modelling of galaxies where morphological and
structural information is available in the F814W filter aboard the Hubble Space
Telescope (HST) and investigate for this subsample the evolution of the
Fundamental Plane.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, to appear in "Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics
Series, Vol. 3: Clusters of Galaxies: Probes of Cosmological Structure and
Galaxy Evolution", ed. J. S. Mulchaey, A. Dressler, and A. Oemler (Pasadena:
Carnegie Observatories,
http://www.ociw.edu/ociw/symposia/series/symposium3/proceedings.html
Effects of Unstable Dark Matter on Large-Scale Structure and Constraints from Future Surveys
In this paper we explore the effect of decaying dark matter (DDM) on
large-scale structure and possible constraints from galaxy imaging surveys. DDM
models have been studied, in part, as a way to address apparent discrepancies
between the predictions of standard cold dark matter models and observations of
galactic structure. Our study is aimed at developing independent constraints on
these models. In such models, DDM decays into a less massive, stable dark
matter (SDM) particle and a significantly lighter particle. The small mass
splitting between the parent DDM and the daughter SDM provides the SDM with a
recoil or "kick" velocity vk, inducing a free-streaming suppression of matter
fluctuations. This suppression may be probed via weak lensing power spectra
measured by a number of forthcoming imaging surveys that aim primarily to
constrain dark energy. Using scales on which linear perturbation theory alone
is valid (multipoles < 300), surveys like Euclid or LSST can be sensitive to vk
> 90 km/s for lifetimes ~ 1-5 Gyr. To estimate more aggressive constraints, we
model nonlinear corrections to lensing power using a simple halo evolution
model that is in good agreement with numerical simulations. In our most
ambitious forecasts, using multipoles < 3000, we find that imaging surveys can
be sensitive to vk ~ 10 km/s for lifetimes < 10 Gyr. Lensing will provide a
particularly interesting complement to existing constraints in that they will
probe the long lifetime regime far better than contemporary techniques. A
caveat to these ambitious forecasts is that the evolution of perturbations on
nonlinear scales will need to be well calibrated by numerical simulations
before they can be realized. This work motivates the pursuit of such a
numerical simulation campaign to constrain dark matter with cosmological weak
lensing.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures. Submitted to PR
The acute influence of sucrose consumption with and without vitamin C co-ingestion on microvascular reactivity in healthy young adults
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record. âŻBackground
Sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) are a major source of dietary sugar and a public health concern. Glucose consumption acutely influences microvascular reactivity in healthy adults, possibly via oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to observe the acute influence of a more relevant dose of sucrose on microvascular reactivity, and to identify whether this response is influenced by the amount of vitamin C typically contained in SSB.
Methods
Thirteen ostensibly healthy adults (8 male, 5 female) performed three 1-day trials in a randomized order; the consumption of 300âŻml water (control; CON), or 300âŻml water with 50âŻg sucrose (SUGAR) or 50âŻg sucrose with 160âŻmg of vitamin C (VITC). Near infrared spectroscopy was used to determine peak reactive hyperaemia (PRH), the rate of desaturation (Slope 1) and reperfusion (Slope 2), and the total area under the reperfusion curve versus time (TRH) following 5âŻmin of forearm cuff occlusion before and 30, 60, 90 and 120âŻmin after test drink consumption.
Results
SUGAR and VITC significantly increased the total area under the curve versus time for plasma glucose (PâŻ<âŻ0.05 for both). No changes in microvascular reactivity were observed between trials, although VITC increased Slope 1 compared to both SUGAR and CON 30 and 60âŻmin post drink (PâŻ<âŻ0.05 for both).
Conclusion
The consumption of a sugar load representative of commercially available SSB did not influence microvascular reactivity. The co-ingestion of Vitamin C also failed to influence microvascular reactivity, but did increase the rate of oxygen extraction
An ISOCAM survey through gravitationally lensing galaxy clusters. III. New results from mid-infrared observations of th e cluster Abell 2219
The massive cluster of galaxies Abell 2219 (z = 0.228) was observed at 14.3
m with the Infrared Space Observatory and results were published by
Barvainis et al. (1999). These observations have been reanalyzed using a method
specifically designed for the detection of faint sources that had been applied
to other clusters. Five new sources were detected and the resulting cumulative
total of ten sources all have optical counterparts. The mid-infrared sources
are identified with three cluster members, three foreground galaxies, an
Extremely Red Object, a star and two galaxies of unknown redshift. The spectral
energy distributions (SEDs) of the galaxies are fit with models from a
selection, using the program GRASIL. Best-fits are obtained, in general, with
models of galaxies with ongoing star formation. For three cluster members the
infrared luminosities derived from the model SEDs are between ~5.7x10^10 Lsun
and 1.4x10^11 Lsun, corresponding to infrared star formation rates between 10
and 24 Msun yr^-1. The two cluster galaxies that have optical classifications
are in the Butcher-Oemler region of the color-magnitude diagramme. The three
foreground galaxies have infrared luminosities between 1.5x10^10 Lsun and
9.4x10^10 Lsun yielding infrared star formation rates between 3 and 16 Msun
yr^-1. Two of the foreground galaxies are located in two foreground galaxy
enhancements (Boschin et al. 2004). Including Abell 2219, six distant clusters
of galaxies have been mapped with ISOCAM and luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs)
have been found in three of them. The presence of LIRGs in Abell 2219
strengthens the association between luminous infrared galaxies in clusters and
recent or ongoing cluster merger activity.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, A&A accepted, full paper with high-resolution
figures available at http://bermuda.ucd.ie/~dcoia/papers/. Reference adde
Staying in the science stream: patterns of participation in A-level science subjects in the UK.
This paper describes patterns of participation and attainment in A-level physics, chemistry and biology from 1961 to 2009. The A-level has long been seen as an important gateway qualification for higher level study, particularly in the sciences. This long term overview examines how recruitment to these three subjects has changed in the context of numerous policies and initiatives that seek to retain more young people in the sciences. The results show that recruitment to the pure sciences has stagnated, general trends have hardly varied and the track record of government policy in influencing change is not strong. There is no evidence for increasing achievement gaps between the sexes at A-level and even national policy requiring that all young people study science up to the age of 16 appears to have had little impact on recruitment at this leve
Counts and Colors of Faint Galaxies in the U and R Bands
Ground-based counts and colors of faint galaxies in the U and R bands in one
field at high Galactic latitude are presented. Integrated over flux, a total of
1.2x10^5 sources per square degree are found to U=25.5 mag and 6.3x10^5 sources
per square degree to R=27 mag, with d log N/dm ~ 0.5 in the U band and d log
N/dm ~ 0.3 in the R band. Consistent with these number-magnitude curves,
sources become bluer with increasing magnitude to median U-R=0.6 mag at 24<U<25
mag and U-R=1.2 mag at 25 < R < 26 mag. Because the Lyman break redshifts into
the U band at z~3, at least 1.2x10^5 sources per square degree must be at
redshifts z<3. Measurable U-band fluxes of 73 percent of the 6.3x10^5 sources
per square degree suggest that the majority of these also lie at z < 3. These
results require an enormous space density of objects in any cosmological model.Comment: 17 pages, MNRAS in pres
Spectroscopic follow up of arclets in AC114 with the VLT
We present the first results on the VLT/FORS-1 spectroscopic survey of
amplified sources and multiple images in the lensing cluster AC114. Background
sources were selected in the cluster core, close to the critical lines, using
photometric redshifts combined with lensing inversion criteria. Spectroscopic
results are given, together with a brief summary of the properties of some of
these high-z galaxies.Comment: 4pages. To appear in the Proceedings of the XXth Moriond Astrophysics
Meeting "Cosmological Physics with Gravitational Lensing", eds. J.-P. Kneib,
Y. Mellier, M. Moniez and J. Tran Thanh Van, Les Arcs, France, March
11th-18th 200
Properties of high-z galaxies as seen through lensing clusters
We discuss the first results obtained on the study of a sample of high-z
galaxies (2 < z < 7), using the gravitational amplification effect in the core
of lensing clusters. Sources are located close to the critical lines in
clusters with well constrained mass distributions, and selected through
photometric redshifts, computed on a large wavelength domain, and lens
inversion techniques.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, Conference Proceedings of the "Clustering at High
Redshift" Conference, June 29 to July 2, 1999, Marseille (France
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