An unusual case of low-grade tubulopapillary adenocarcinoma of the sinonasal tract

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Low-grade papillary adenocarcinomas of the sinonasal tract are rare neoplasms. Over recent years, little doubt remains that this tumour represents a separate entity based on morphology, ultrastructural features and behaviour. We outline a case of this rare entity displaying a not hitherto described immunophenotype.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 32 year old man presented recurrent epistaxis was evaluated with endoscopy which revealed a well circumscribed pedunculated mass lesion in left nares. The mass was arising from the nasal septum which was excised along with the mass. The biopsy revealed low-grade, non-intestinal type sinonasal tubulopapillary adenocarcinoma.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>TTF-1 immunoreactivity in absence of thyroid or pulmonary primary in the present case remains an enigma. However, this raises the possibility of the utility of this antibody to predict a better clinical outcome in the subset of low grade non-intestinal sinonasal adenocarcinoma. More cases of similar morphological appearance may need to be examined for TTF-1 immunoreactivity and clinically followed up to establish this theory.</p

Competition among native and invasive Phragmites australis populations: An experimental test of the effects of invasion status, genome size, and ploidy level

Among the traits whose relevance for plant invasions has recently been suggested are genome size (the amount of nuclear DNA) and ploidy level. So far, research on the role of genome size in invasiveness has been mostly based on indirect evidence by comparing species with different genome sizes, but how karyological traits influence competition at the intraspecific level remains unknown. We addressed these questions in a common‐garden experiment evaluating the outcome of direct intraspecific competition among 20 populations of Phragmites australis, represented by clones collected in North America and Europe, and differing in their status (native and invasive), genome size (small and large), and ploidy levels (tetraploid, hexaploid, or octoploid). Each clone was planted in competition with one of the others in all possible combinations with three replicates in 45‐L pots. Upon harvest, the identity of 21 shoots sampled per pot was revealed by flow cytometry and DNA analysis. Differences in performance were examined using relative proportions of shoots of each clone, ratios of their aboveground biomass, and relative yield total (RYT). The performance of the clones in competition primarily depended on the clone status (native vs. invasive). Measured in terms of shoot number or aboveground biomass, the strongest signal observed was that North American native clones always lost in competition to the other two groups. In addition, North American native clones were suppressed by European natives to a similar degree as by North American invasives. North American invasive clones had the largest average shoot biomass, but only by a limited, nonsignificant difference due to genome size. There was no effect of ploidy on competition. Since the North American invaders of European origin are able to outcompete the native North American clones, we suggest that their high competitiveness acts as an important driver in the early stages of their invasion

Salivary acinic cell carcinoma: reappraisal and update

Epidemiologic and clinicopathologic features, therapeutic strategies, and prognosis for acinic cell carcinoma of the major and minor salivary glands are critically reviewed. We explore histopathologic, histochemical, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical aspects and discuss histologic grading, histogenesis, animal models, and genetic events. In the context of possible diagnostic difficulties, the relationship to mammary analog secretory carcinoma is probed and a classification is suggested. Areas of controversy or uncertainty, which may benefit from further investigations, are also highlighted

Seed viability of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is affected by seed origin and age, but also by testing method and laboratory

Plant science

Polymorphous adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands : reappraisal and update

Although relatively rare, polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) is likely the second most common malignancy of the minor salivary glands (MiSG). The diagnosis is mainly based on an incisional biopsy. The optimal treatment comprises wide surgical excision, often with adjuvant radiotherapy. In general, PAC has a good prognosis. Previously, PAC was referred to as polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA), but the new WHO classification of salivary gland tumours has also included under the PAC subheading, the so-called cribriform adenocarcinoma of minor salivary glands (CAMSG). This approach raised controversy, predominantly because of possible differences in clinical behaviour. For example, PLGA (PAC, classical variant) only rarely metastasizes, whereas CAMSG often shows metastases to the neck lymph nodes. Given the controversy, this review reappraises the definition, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic work-up, genetics, treatment modalities, and prognosis of PAC of the salivary glands with a particular focus on contrasting differences with CAMSG.Peer reviewe

A comparative study between mixed-type tumours from human salivary and canine mammary glands

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In comparative pathology, canine mammary tumours have special interest because of their similarities with human breast cancer. Mixed tumours are uncommon lesions in the human breast, but they are found most frequently in the mammary gland of the female dogs and in the human salivary glands. The aim of the study was to compare clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical features of human salivary and canine mammary gland mixed tumours, in order to evaluate the latter as an experimental model for salivary gland tumours.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Ten examples of each mixed tumour type (human pleomorphic adenoma and carcinomas ex-pleomorphic adenomas and canine mixed tumour and metaplastic carcinoma) were evaluated. First, clinical and morphologic aspects of benign and malignant variants were compared between the species. Then, streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of cytokeratins, vimentin, p63 protein, estrogen receptor, β-catenin, and E-cadherin.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After standardization, similar age and site distributions were observed in human and canine tumours. Histological similarities were identified in the comparison of the benign lesions as well. Metaplastic carcinomas also resembled general aspects of carcinomas ex-pleomorphic adenomas in morphological evaluation. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining further presented similar antigenic expression between lesions.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>There are many similar features between human salivary and canine mammary gland mixed tumours. This observation is of great relevance for those interested in the study and management of salivary gland tumours, since canine lesions may constitute useful comparative models for their investigations.</p

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ КОНСИСТЕНЦИИ ПРОДУКТА ПРИ ЕГО ОБРАБОТКЕ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОМ

This article presents the results of studying the effect of ultrasound on the consistency of products. The task of the study was to identify the possibility of using ultrasound to change the consistency of the product from puree to homogenized. For this purpose, laboratory samples of apple puree were periodically processed on an ultrasonic generator at a frequency of 21.7 kHz, for different duration of exposure to ultrasound from 1 minute to 20 minutes. After processing, measurements of physicochemical parameters were carried out the mass fraction of soluble solids, temperature and viscosity. When analyzing the obtained results, it was found that, depending on the exposure time, the indicators of the mass fraction of dry substances in samples No.1, No.2, No.3 slightly increased relative to the control sample from a value of 11.9 to 12.4 V of sample No.4, in which the duration of exposure to ultrasound was 20 minutes, the indicator of the mass fraction of dry substances increased more significantly up to 13.8%. The same dynamics is observed in the obtained values of the viscosity of the product, which gradually increases in proportion to the exposure time from sample No.1 to sample No.4 (4600-6500 Centipoise (CP)). In addition, a comparative assessment of the organoleptic characteristics of experimental samples (taste, color, aroma and texture) was carried out after their ultrasonic treatment, depending on the duration of exposure. It was found that all the organoleptic characteristics of apple puree with an increase in the duration of ultrasonic treatment with a given parameter at a frequency of 21.7 kHz, changed depending on the time of exposure. Thus, the consistency changed from a “granular” structure (in the control sample) to a homogeneous homogenized (in sample No.3). In sample No.4 (with an exposure time of 20 minutes), mashed potatoes were obtained with a fine, finely divided creamy mass. Consequently, the effect of ultrasound with a given frequency of 21.7 kHz for at least 10 minutes allows a pureed product with a puree-like structure to obtain a homogenized puree.В статье приведены результаты изучения влияния ультразвука на консистенцию продукции. Задача исследования состояла в выявлении возможности применения ультразвука для изменения консистенции продукта из пюреобразной в гомогенизированную. С этой целью изготовленные лабораторные образцы яблочного пюре были подвергнуты периодической обработке на ультразвуковом генераторе на частоте 21,7 кГц, при различной продолжительности воздействия ультразвуком – в течение 1-20 мин. После обработки были проведены измерения физико-химических показателей: массовой доли растворимого сухого вещества, температуры и вязкости. При анализе полученных результатов была установлено, что в зависимости от времени воздействия показатели массовой доли сухого вещества в образцах №1, №2, №3 незначительно повышались относительно контрольного образца – от значения 11,9 до 12,4%. В образце №4, в котором продолжительность воздействия ультразвуком составляла 20 мин, показатель массовой доли сухого вещества увеличился более значительно – до 13,8%. Такая же динамика прослеживается и в полученных значениях вязкости продукта, которая постепенно повышается, пропорционально времени воздействия: от образца №1 до образца №4 (от 4600 сП до 6500 сП). Кроме того, была проведена сравнительная оценка органолептических показателей экспериментальных образцов (вкус, цвет, аромат и консистенция) после их ультразвуковой обработки в зависимости от продолжительности воздействия. Было установлено, что все органолептические характеристики яблочного пюре при увеличении продолжительности обработки продукта ультразвуком с заданным параметром на частоте 21,7 кГц изменялись в зависимости от времени воздействия. Так, консистенция изменялась от «зернистой» структуры (в контрольном образце) до однородной гомогенизированной (в образце №3). В образце №4 (при продолжительности воздействии 20 мин) было получено пюре с тонкоизмельченной кремообразной массой. Следовательно, воздействие ультразвука с заданным значением частоты 21,7 кГц в течение не менее 10 мин позволяет из протёртого продукта с пюреобразной структурой получить гомогенизированное пюре