Chemical concentration calculation based on spectrogram

In this project, the chemical concentration identified based on spectrogram. In chemistry, concentration is defined as the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. The term concentration can be applied to any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently it refers to solutes in homogeneous solutions. Meanwhile, spectrogram is a time-varying spectral representation (forming an image of graph) that shows how the spectral density of a signal varies with time. It is an instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials. The purpose of this project was to develop the systems that can identify the concentration of a compound by using spectrogram. Using MATLAB, the chemical concentration can calculated based on the compound of the solution. By using Acrylic acid as an example; which the simplest unsaturated carboxylic acid which has double bond and carboxyl group in C3 one molecule with the formula CH2=CHCOOH, we can determine the concentration percentages of the compound that form acrylic acid. Based on the graph that plotted by using MATLAB, the area under graph calculate. With the area, we can calculate the concentration directly based on the data from HPLC-high performance liquid chromatography

Penggunaan sistem VoTe bagi pengurusan kewangan geran penyelidikan yang efisien (Use of VoTe system for efficient research grant financial management) / Nur Jannah Azman … [et al.]

Fungsi Unit Pengurusan Penyelidikan (RMU), UiTM Cawangan Negeri Sembilan adalah mengurus, mengkoordinasi dan menyediakan perkhidmatan berkaitan penyelidikan, perundingan dan penerbitan. Selain itu RMU bertanggungjawab meningkatkan impak keseluruhan penyelidikan untuk memperluas kerjasama dan mengukuhkan perkongsian dengan universiti penyelidikan yang lain. Dalam usaha membudayakan aktiviti penyelidikan dalam kalangan pensyarah, pihak RMU dan penyelidik, terutamanya pemegang geran menghadapi masalah ketiadaan sistem/ templat geran penyelidikan yang seragam di mana pemegang geran terpaksa bergantung penuh kepada pihak Bendahari dalam mendapatkan maklumat (baki geran penyelidikan). Masalah ini menyebabkan kesulitan lain timbul seperti bilangan projek penyelidikan yang melanjutkan tempoh masa penyelidikan bertambah, pemegang geran akan bertumpu pada satu projek dengan tempoh yang sangat lama dan akhirnya mengakibatkan bilangan geran yang diperolehi oleh UiTM Cawangan Negeri Sembilan semakin berkurangan. Hasilnya, objektif kualiti kampus untuk memastikan geran penyelidikan mencapai RM200,000.00 agak sukar untuk dicapai. Rentetan itu, idea yang terbit untuk membantu menangani punca masalah pemegang geran terhasil, iaitu sistem VoTe yang mana inovasi ini berjaya membantu mereka membuat perbelanjaan yang efisien sambil memantau kewangan dalam setiap vot dalam geran penyelidikan

Sistem saringan penyakit pterigium untuk imej mata terangkum hadapan

Pterigium merupakan penyakit berkaitan mata yang melibatkan penumbuhan tisu menyelaputi kawasan kornea mata. Hal ini kebiasaannya menjejaskan individu yang menetap di kawasan Khatulistiwa seperti Malaysia dan terdedah kepada keadaan angin, radiasi ultraviolet atau debu yang berlebihan. Salah satu cara pengesanan pterigium secara konvensional adalah melalui kaedah saringan manual oleh pakar oftalmologi. Pterigium didiagnos selepas pemeriksaan fizikal mata dilakukan. Gambar mata diambil bagi tujuan memantau pertumbuhan tisu pterigium. Sekiranya perlu, ujian diagnostik khusus akan dilakukan terutamanya apabila pterigium menyelaputi kawasan kornea mata. Contohnya, topografi kornea akan digunakan untuk menandakan permukaan kornea bagi mengesan sebarang gangguan yang mungkin timbul seperti penumbuhan tisu pterigium yang semakin membesar. Pada pengetahuan kami, hanya sedikit sahaja penyelidikan yang melibatkan kaedah pemprosesan imej digital (PID) untuk mengesan penyakit berkaitan mata pada peringkat awal menggunakan imej mata terangkum hadapan (IMTH). Oleh itu, projek ini mencadangkan algoritma untuk mengesan penyakit pterigium menggunakan IMTH yang didapati daripada empat pangkalan data yang berbeza iaitu UBIRIS, MILES, RAFAEL dan QPEI. Sistem saringan yang dicadangkan terdiri daripada empat modul utama iaitu modul-modul pengumpulan data IMTH, peruasan kornea, penyarian fitur dan pengesanan pterigium. Melalui pengiraan nisbah jejari pada kawasan peruasan kornea menggunakan nilai ambang 1.00, keputusan pengesanan pterigium yang diperolehi adalah 90.60% Positif Benar (PB), 77.24% Negatif Benar (NB), 22.76% Positif Palsu (PP) dan 9.40% Negatif Palsu (NP)

Salinity effects on growth, physiology, and yield in lowland tomato grown in soilless culture

Salinity is one of the environmental stresses which give detrimental effects to crop growth, physiological changes and lowering yield production. Crops grown under soilless culture system also have no exception on salinity problem. In fact, salinity occurs very quickly in small root volumes like in soilless culture due to the accumulation of salts. Thus, this study was carried out to study the influence of salt stress on physiological changes and quality attributes of lowland tomato grown hydroponically in Malaysia. Two cultivars of lowland tomato (Pearl and MT1) were treated with sodium chloride (NaCl) at 70 and 140 mM. A significant interaction between cultivar Pearl and MT1 with salinity level were shown on stomatal conductance, relative water content and electrolyte leakage. Photosynthetic rate of MT1 was higher by 18% than those in Pearl. However, no significant interaction was observed on total chlorophyll content. Overall, NaCl level at both 70 and 140 mM had significantly reduced the physiological parameters in both Pearl and MT1. Likewise, no significant interaction between cultivar and salinity was shown on yield, but Pearl with a higher yield production was observed to be more salinity-tolerant than MT1. In addition, total soluble solids were positively affected by salinity level, as the content significantly increased with increasing salinity. A blossom end rot was recorded the highest at salinity level of 140 mM with 30% of incidence. In conclusion, different cultivars of tomato showed different responses and degrees of tolerance towards salinity

Kalman Filter Estimation of Impedance Parameters for Medium Transmission Line

Accurate knowledge of impedance parameters in transmission line helps to improve the system efficiency and performance. Nowadays, the estimation of impedance parameters in transmission line has become possible with the availability of computational method. This paper aims to develop Kalman filter model by using Matlab simulink to estimate accurate values of resistance (R), reactance (X), and susceptance (B) in medium transmission line. The accuracy of the parameters can be improved by reducing the unknown errors in the system. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the Kalman filter method, a case study of simulated medium transmission line is presented and comparison between Kalman Filter (KF) and Linear Least Square (LLS) method is also considered to evaluate their performances

Model nilai cipta-sama dalam sistem pengukuran prestasi

Proses peningkatan kualiti di setiap jabatan kerajaan akan dapat berjalan lancar dan berterusan dengan sokongan sistem pengukuran prestasi kualiti yang baik. Pengukuran prestasi merupakan satu kaedah penting yang menyokong keberkesanan program, membantu dalam penghasilan keputusan dan meningkatkan keberkesanan dalam komunikasi. Terdapat pelbagai faktor diambil kira dalam sistem pengukuran prestasi (SPP) sedia ada. Walau bagaimana pun, faktor sedia ada hanya bersifat kontekstual yang sesuai untuk keperluan persekitaran atau organisasi tertentu sahaja. Keadaan ini menyebabkan pembangun SPP tidak mempunyai satu model rujukan umum yang boleh dijadikan panduan untuk membangunkan SPP. Justeru satu model generik yang memenuhi keperluan ini perlu dibangunkan. Dengan menggunakan kaedah penyegitigaan berlelar yang bersandar kepada kajian kes yang diperoleh dari kajian kesusasteraan, faktor yang dikenalpasti kemudiannya dikelaskan berdasar kepada model nilai cipta-sama DART (Dialog, Akses, Risiko dan Telus). Model DART dipilih kerana ia merupakan satu model yang telah terbukti berkesan dalam menerap konsep nilai cipta sama yang merupakan satu konsep penting dalam pembangunan sistem. Model nilai cipta sama bagi SPP yang dihasilkan ini berjaya mengumpul faktor penting yang perlu diambil kira dalam pembangunan SPP

Antioxidant Potential of Chloranthus erectus (Chloranthaceae) from various solvents extract

Chloranthus erectus is a herbaceous plant that has been used as a medicinal plant in several regions such as China and Southeast Asia. Although it possesses valuable medicinal properties, till now there is not much research has been carried out on the medicinal properties of this plant and the knowledge of this plant is limited among the research fertility. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the phytochemicals, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity of leaf and twig of C. erectus in various solvents extract (hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol). Phytochemical screening of extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, quinones, glycosides, and steroids. The highest phenolic content for leaf and twig samples was determined from the methanolic (9.64 ± 0.15 µg GAE/g) and hexanoic extract (7.39 ± 0.27 µg GAE/g), respectively. Meanwhile, the highest antioxidant activity was reported from the methanolic extract of both leaf (88.36 ± 0.24%) and twig (91.25 ± 0.10%) samples. Hence, the results of the study can be concluded that C. erectus has the potential to become a good natural antioxidant and the information from this study can be utilized by the communities as well as other researchers

The effectiveness of educational intervention program on knowledge of BSE among secondary school girls in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan

Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is important to be introduced to secondary school girls in order to develop a positive health behavior. Limited attention has been given on knowledge among school girls. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of educational intervention program on knowledge of BSE among secondary school girls in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 502 volunteered secondary school girls using pre and post self-administered validated questionnaire. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 14.9 (± 0.1) years. Majority of the participants were Malays (87.1%). Pre-intervention educational program revealed that 91% of the participants had poor knowledge whereas 9% had good knowledge on BSE. Post-educational intervention program showed that knowledge has increased by 33.4% and percentage for ‘poor’ knowledge reduced by 33.4% from pre-intervention scored (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference on knowledge of BSE among participants with and without family history of breast cancer (p = 0.204). Health campaign was the top source of information to gain knowledge related to BSE prior (56.6%) and after (90.2%) the intervention program (p < 0.001). Thus, the educational intervention program was found to be effective method to improve the knowledge on BSE among secondary school girls

An alternative inhibitive assay using Monopterus albus (Asian swamp eel) acetylcholinesterase for metal ions detection

Introduction: Cholinesterase-based biosensor well known as a sensitive method to detect the existence of harmful dissolve compound in any types of water sources especially river. Methods: This method can be applied as a preliminary screening to determine the contamination level of the river in a short of time as well as low cost and easy to operate. The aim of this study to assess the use of acetylcholinesterase source from the brain tissue of Asian swamp eel; Monopterus albus as a potential environmental biosensor. Results: Purified acetylcholinesterase was exposed with a different type of metal ion, and mercury show the highest inhibition which capable of lowering the enzyme activity to 0.018U followed by copper (1.280U), chromium (4.675U) and zinc (4.803U) at 10 ppm. Metal ions show exponential decay type inhibition curves with calculated half maximal inhibitory concentration; IC50 in the ascending sensitivity order of copper, chromium, zinc and mercury at 1.329, 0.687, 0.595 and 0.004 ppm, respectively. Field trial works exhibited that the enzyme was applicable in sensing heavy metals pollution from the river which closes to the industrial and agricultural sites at near real time and verified using ICP-OES. Conclusion: This study proves the potential use of acetylcholinesterase source from M. albus as a biomonitoring tool to evaluate the contamination level of the river

Antibacterial activity of CTAB-modified zeolite NaY with different CTAB loading

The antibacterial activity of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) –Modified Zeolite NaY against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was examined in agar disk diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method. The diameter of the inhibition zones for E. coli and S. aureus, increased from 1.5 to 1.7 cm and 1.9 to 2.0 cm, respectively, with the increasing concentrations of CTAB adsorbed on Zeolite NaY from percent coverage of the External Cation Exchange Capacity of Zeolite NaY: 0.5 to 5.0. CTAB-Modified Zeolite NaY showed effective antimicrobial activity against S. aureus compared to E. coli