The Performance Evaluation on Co-Digestion of Domestic Sewage Sludge and Food Waste for Methane Yield and Kinetics Analysis

Sewage sludge and food waste; are organic wastes suitable for the anaerobic digestion. However, the digestion of sewage sludge and food waste as solely substrate is having a drawback in term of methane yield. Therefore, many researchers combined these two wastes as a co-substrate and used in  co-digestion. This study focused to evaluate the anaerobic co-digestion of domestic sewage sludge  ( in form of  primary and secondary sewage sludge) with food waste under mesophilic temperature in a batch assay. Two series of batch biochemical methane potential (BMP) test were conducted using the Automatic Methane Potential Test System (AMPTS II). Each set are labelled with BMP 1(PSS:FW) and BMP 2 (SSS:FW). The BMP tests were monitored automatically until the methane production is insignificant. Using the data observed in the laboratory, the kinetic paremeters were calculated. Also, the First-order and Modified Gompertz modeling were included to predict the anaerobic digestion performance. Finding showed that BMP 1(PSS:FW) have better performance with respect to the higher ultimate methane yield and methane production rate  as compared to BMP 2 (SSS:FW). Besides, the kinetic parameters from laboratory work and modeling were slightly different. In which the  the kinetic paremetes from modelling is lesser. However, both modelling are well fitted to the experimental data with high correlation coefficient, R2 ranged from 0.993 to 0.997

The impact of individual and organizational related factors that support career development towards employees' career satisfaction

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of individual (career management behavior) and organizational related factors (perceived organizational support, organizational learning culture, and empowerment) that support career development in influencing employees' career satisfaction. This paper mainly driven theoretically by the Social Exchange Theory, Organization Support Theory and Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) as well as the other relevant literature or previous research which also explored these constructs. A survey research method was used to gather 158 usable questionnaires from employees' in studied government sectors. The analytical procedure of Pearson Correlation Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis was utilized to determine the predicting strength among career satisfaction and the independent variables. Pearson Correlation Analysis revealed that positive correlation existed between the independent variables (perceived organizational support, organizational learning culture, empowerment and career management behavior) and dependent variable (employees' career satisfaction). Of the four independent variables, a Multiple Linear Regression Analysis indicated that empowerment was most strongly related to employees' career satisfaction. In addition, this study provides new support to previous research about the individual and organizational related factors that support career development which enable to enhance employees' career satisfaction especially in government sector. This study also can be used by human resource practitioners as a guideline in identifying key indicators that affects career satisfaction among the employees in the organi~tion. Recommendations for future research are discussed to give direction for future researchers

Methane Production from the Digestion of Thermally Treated Food Waste at 80°C

Food waste is the most suitable feedstock for anaerobic digestion. However, methane yield from the digestion of food waste is low. Therefore thermal pretreatment serves as the best solution. Also, the effect of thermal pretreatment on food waste (Malaysian dietary) before anaerobic digestion has low documentation. Hence this research aims to analyze the methane production and its kinetics from the digestion of thermally treated food waste. The result showed that thermal treatment improves the bioavailability of food waste, subsequently improve the methane production of food waste. The ultimate methane yield for thermally treated food waste at 80°C was 883.08 CH4/gVS higher than untreated food waste. The kinetic parameters observed from Modified Gompertz modeling were slightly lower from the laboratory data for both substrates. Thus, thermal pretreatment undoubtedly improved the anaerobic digestion of food waste

The effect of individual and organizational related factors that support career development towards employees’ career satisfaction

Over the past several years, a number of researchers have examined employees’ career success which paying particular attention to the individual and organizational factors that have impact on the construct of their employees’ career satisfaction. This study examined the effect of individual and organizational related factors that support career development towards employees’ career satisfaction. A 40-item questionnaire was constructed and administered to 158 respondents in government sectors. The analytical procedure of Pearson Correlation Analysis was utilized to determine the predicting strength among career satisfaction and the independent variables. Pearson Correlation Analysis revealed that positive correlation existed between the independent variables (perceived organizational support, organizational learning culture, empowerment and career management behavior) and dependent variable (employees’ career satisfaction). This study provides new support to previous research about the individual and organizational related factors that support career development which enable to enhance employees’ career satisfaction especially in government sector. Reasons for these findings are discussed

Rainwater harvesting study at Masjid Jamek Riyahdus Solihin, Pintas Puding, Batu Pahat Johor Malaysia

Harvesting rainwater contribute towards a sustainable living. It eliminate the wastage and reduce the dependency of potable water. The demand of potable water increases in accordance to the population. Rainwater harvesting is capable to combat water crisis and serves as an alternative water resources during water shortage. The present study proposed a rainwater harvesting system for the mosque and obtain the rainfall amount at study area. The method used for designing the rainwater harvesting system is referred to MSMA 2nd Edition. The system is consists of downpipe filter (4"/ Ø150 mm), Eaves gutter (16, 000 mm²) first flush diverter 150 mm (63 liter; 1.78 length) and: taper tank (600 liters). Rainfall data for study area was recorded by HOBO tipping rain gauge for four months. Rainwater was calculated and harvested 116.7% yield to the water demand for the study area. The rainfall for four months at the study area showed that the rainwater demand was sufficient to be collected and used for the mosque activities. The highest rainfall data collected was 75.2 mm. This study would help to initiate a starting point to create a green mosque concept into reality. Furthermore, this system applied the concept of green building that create environmental friendly surrounding as a stepping stone to educate and at the same time save the environment and minimize the energy wastage

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Antifungal activity of extracts and phenolic compounds from Barringtonia racemosa L. (Lecythidaceae)

The antifungal activity of methanolic, ethanolic and boiling water extracts of Barringtonia racemosa leaves, sticks and barks were investigate against Fusarium sp., Tricoderma koningii, Penicillium sp.,Ganoderma tropicum, Ganoderma lucidum, Aspergillus sp. and Rhizopus sp. at concentration of 50 mg/ml. Better antifungal activity was observed with the methanolic extracts in all aerial parts of B.racemosa that showed excellent inhibitory activity against all the fungi tested. The strongest inhibitory activity effect was observed with the methanolic extract of leaf against Fusarium sp. (53.45%), G.lucidum (34.57%), Aspergillus sp. (32.27%) and T. koningii (20.99%). Remarkable are also the specific effects of the boiling water extract of leaf against Fusarium sp. (51.72%) and with the ethanolic extract of bark against Rhizopus sp. (37.50%). None of the boiling water extracts of leaf, stick and bark showed inhibitory activity effect against G. tropicum and T. koningii. Among different fungi tested, Fusarium sp.was found to be more sensitive to B. racemosa extracts when compared to others. The increase in the production of phenolics in the extracts can be correlated with the induction of resistance in treated plant against phytopathogenic fungi. HPLC analysis of the extract of B. racemosa (leaves, sticks and barks) showed two different phenolic acids (gallic acid and ferrulic acid) and four different flavonoids (naringin, rutin, luteolin and kaempferol). The results of present study provide scientific basis for the use of the plant extract in the future development as antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant and antiinflammatory agent

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit