Effects of Architectural and Urban Design Project Competitions on Built Environment and New Discourses Brought Thereby

The competition system is considered to be the most objective project selection method in a country’s architectural and urbanism organization and is a mechanism which promotes professional creativity. Both national and international competitions have significant potential in terms of providing knowledge and accumulation to contemporary architecture history. The aim of competitions is to obtain "the best project" for a building or building group or a specific area, designs of which are predetermined. Type, nature, objective, issues, expectations of design competitions and the benefits they provide to the built environment are discussed in the general sense in this study. In this context the buildings which have been built by competitions and which are known as the important examples of the architectural history of Turkey and the world have been examined by taking into consideration their periods.  Furthermore, it has been stated that competitions are one of the methods to obtain qualified buildings and environments in Turkey, there are problems in their being sufficiently developing, leading and raising awareness. The reasons why there are still a few qualified buildings (besides exceptions) have been stressed. Recommendations as to institutions organizing design competitions, creation of specifications for design competitions and establishment of the jury in design competitions have been offered for eliminating issues in design competitions

Exploration of factors that influence Plasmodium falciparum fitness and virulence

Malaria is an ancient disease that still has profound impact on human population. The virulence of the most lethal malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, can be attributed to several features of the parasite. P. falciparum is known for its indiscriminate red blood cell (RBC) invasion and aptitude for cytoadherence. The latter is associated with various disease pathologies. Thisthesis explores factors that influence the virulence and fitness of P. falciparum, both from the host and parasite perspective. The association between ABO blood groups and protection from severe malaria has sparked many studies, and blood group O has emerged as protective against severe disease. This protection has been attributed to the binding of uninfected RBCs (uRBC) by the parasitized RBC (pRBC), a mechanism known as rosetting. Using a robust high-throughput flow cytometric method, we characterized rosetting for six parasite strains/isolates in all four major ABO blood groups. Rosettes formed in non-O blood shielded the major parasite surface antigen (PfEMP1) from antibody recognition. As blood group A is further subdivided based on qualitative and quantitative properties of the A-antigen, we found that levels of A-antigen on RBCs were positively correlated with rosette sturdiness against disruption by heparin and antibodies. RIFINs, another large family of surface antigens, has been implicated in blood group A rosetting. Members of this family can be divided into A- and B-RIFINS, depending on cellular localization and parasite stage expression. To set the scene for future studies of RIFINS, we generated and validated antibodies for various antibody-based methods. We identified two nonrosetting RIFIN-expressing parasite lines that had not been characterized before. Their dominant rif transcripts were identified by RNA sequencing. As PfEMP1s along with RIFINs and other surface adhesins must be trafficked and inserted into the pRBC membrane to fulfil their cytoadhesive function, we hypothesized that his process might be affected by varied conditions in the host. Here, we describe the loss of pRBC’s adhesive capacities in acidified environment for rosetting and placental binding parasite stains. The reduction was associated with the loss of surface exposed PfEMP1 due to disturbances in the last steps of PfEMP1 trafficking and membrane insertion. Heparin-derivatives, including sevuparin, have sparked interest as possible adjunctive therapeutics in severe malaria treatment. Here, we investigated the mechanisms behind the invasion inhibition by clinically well-tolerated sevuparin and explored the additional antiparasitic properties of this compound. Sevuparin severely affected parasite intracellular development with delayed schizogony and reduced parasitemia after drug removal. The metabolic disturbances manifested in abnormal morphology, abundant extracellular parasites, and reduction of PfEMP1 on the pRBC surface. Inhibition by sevuparin was distinct from classical plasmodial surface anion channel (PSAC) inhibitors, suggesting the involvement of other channels or transporters. Using protein pull-downs from membranes of pRBCs and uRBCs, we identified putative sevuparin interactomes. Due to the identification of multiple human proteins linked to cation homeostasis and haemolysis, we measured cellular sodium levels. Upon treatment with sevuparin, cellular sodium levels were increased in pRBCs, whereas no differences were noted in uRBCs. In conclusion, we found that A-antigen levels on RBCs affect rosette characteristics, which should be considered in future studies investigating associations between blood group A and risk to develop severe malaria. We have validated tools for the study of RIFIN family of proteins and their possible function in disease pathogenesis. In addition, we demonstrated that PfEMP1 trafficking to the surface is pH sensitive. Finally, we showed that sevuparin has multimodal activity against malaria parasites

Kastamonina abanica n.gen., n.sp., a Complex Lituolid (Foraminiferida) from the Upper Jurassic Limestone of the Kastamonu Area (North Turkey)

Kastamonina abanica n.gen., n.sp., is a new complex conical lituolid foraminifer occurring in Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Portlandian) shallow marine deposits in the Kastamonu region of Northern Turkey. The new genus is characterized by the structural elements of its endoskeleton and exoskeleton which resemble those of Hauraniidae

A NEW LATE YPRESIAN SPECIES OF ASTERIGERINA AND THE FIRST RECORDS OF ORNATOROTALIA AND GRANOROTALIA FROM THE THANETIAN AND UPPER YPRESIAN OF TURKEY

A new larger benthic foraminifer, Asterigerina cayrazensis n. sp., is described from the upper Ypresian (middle-upper Cuisian) of the Çayraz section, N of Haymana, S Ankara, central Turkey, from which also the rotaliine species Ornatorotalia spinosa, O. granum and Granorotalia sublobata are first recorded. In addition, Ornatorotalia sp. is recorded from the Thanetian limestone of the Harabekayış section, W Elazığ, eastern Turkey.&nbsp

The Use of Textile-Based Materials in Shell System Design in Architecture and an Evaluation in Terms of Sustainability

The textile that has emerged from dressing and protection need of people against the variable weather conditions since the primaeval ages, has gained performance characteristics with the rise of artificial fibres apart from natural fibre production and with increasing technology and has gained a good position in architectural applications. The application areas of the textile, that was traditionally used as gear, as an indoor element, and as upholstery on furniture, have been varied by emerge of smart and technical textile and its use in construction sector and architecture has been actualized. The main textile-based materials used on building and skin systems are Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and Ethylene Tetra Fluoro Ethylene (ETFE). Tent, pneumatic building, canopy, pleated roof, umbrella, parasol, outer curtain, shear wall and façade are structural use forms of textile materials. While the interactions between textile and architecture actualized in a visual sense, structure and for technology, and aesthetic sense, the use of textile with its sustainability in architecture also brings advantages. In the paper, Eden Project, Water cube, and Alliance Arena where textile-based materials are used are studied. It is seen that the textile material, which is easily applied at long-spans and at forms which cannot be handled with traditional materials, became prominent with its recycling and sustainable features

Foraminifera of shallow and very shallow facies from the upper Eocene–lower Oligocene Kazandere Member, Soğucak Formation, Thrace Basin, northwest Turkey

The middle−upper Eocene to lower Oligocene Kazandere Limestone Member of the Soğucak Formation is widely represented in the Thrace Basin and rich in shallow-water marine foraminifera. Very shallow-water Priabonian facies described here include Borelis vonderschimitti, Borelis laxispira sp. nov., Chapmanina gassinensis, Chapmanina elongate sp. nov., Pfendericonusglobulus sp. nov., Orbitolites minimus,Coscinospira sp. Last occurrences of the aforementioned Priabonian species and first appearances of the shallow-water marine Rupelian species Nummulites fichteli, Nummulites vascus and Operculina complanata define the Eocene−Oligocene boundary in the new Kazandere Member at the northeast Thrace Basin

Systematics and biostratigraphy of Oligocene (Rupelian-Early Chattian) foraminifera from lagoonal-very shallow water limestone in the eastern Sivas Basin (central Turkey)

Oligocene (Rupelian-early Chattian) new larger benthic foraminiferal taxons such as miliolid genus Sivasina n. gen., SİREL & ÖZGEN-ERDEM (type species Sivasina egribucakensis n. gen. n. sp. SİREL & ÖZGEN-ERDEM) occurs in the Eğribucak, Bakımlı, Tuzlagözü and Çaygören sections (E of Sivas). One new Rupelian-early Chattian lagoonal-shallowest-water peneroplid species Peneroplis flabelliformis n. sp., SİREL & ÖZGEN-ERDEM from the Eğribucak, Tuzlagözü and Çaygören sections and Rupelian lagoonal two new peneroplid species Coscinospira sivasensis n. sp. SİREL & ÖZGEN-ERDEM, Coscinospira elongata n. sp. SİREL & ÖZGEN-ERDEM from the Eğribucak section (E of Sivas), two new Rupelian shallowest-water alveolinid species Praebullalveolina oligocenica n. sp. SİREL & ÖZGEN-ERDEM and Praebullalveolina minuta n. sp. SİREL & ÖZGEN-ERDEM from the Bakımlı section are described and figured. Furthermore, the description of the known Oligocene soritid species Praearchaias diyarbakirensis SİREL, Praearchaias minimus SİREL, Archaias kirkukensis HENSON, Archaias asmaricus SMOUT & EAMES, peneroplid species P. cf. laevigatus d’ ORBIGNY and austrotrillinid species Austrotrillina brunni MARIE are given shortly. In addition, the biostratigraphy of four studied sections are introduced. </span

Matt Parkeri teose „Humble Pi: A Comedy of Maths Errors“ valitud alapeatükkide tõlge ja tõlkeprobleemide analüüs

Käesolevas magistritöös analüüsib autor huumori tõlkimist populaarteaduslikus tekstis Hans J. Vermeeri skopos-teooria vaatenurgast ning probleeme huumori tõlkimisel. Lisaks kasutab ta sama teooriat, et arutleda kultuurispetsiifiliste elementide esinemise ja tõlkimise keerukuse üle, mida seostab ka peatükkide valimise põhjustega, ning uurib terminoloogilisi aspekte ja illustratsioonide kasutamist.https://www.ester.ee/record=b5464343*es

Optimization of a jump shot rhythm at the junior level of basketball performance

The jump shot is one of the most frequently used methods of shooting in the modern basketball. For example in the Spanish league, it accounts for 41% of all points (Rojas et al., 2000). Based on the results of our previous research which enabled to determine the phase structure and create rhythm models of shooting in elite male basketball (Bazanov, 2001, 2014) the purpose of this study was to improve the shooting rhythm of jump shot performances of male under 20 years old basketball players. The subjects used consisted of five under 20 years old basketball players of the Tallinn Basketball Academy. The whole action of shooting was divided into 5 phases and examined quantitatively and qualitatively. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The reliability of the differences was controlled by F-test and T-test. Results show, that the main changes occurred in preparation (“catching” and “sitting down”) phases. We can conclude, that execution of technical requirements allows to change significantly the jump shot rhythm performance and reduce the duration of the jump shot in basketball