Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Characterization of coal flyash by ETIR, XRD and SEM

241-244<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:="" minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">Different characterization techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy have been applied to analyse the different fractions of flyash. FTIR studies show the presence of quartz, alumina, hermatite and different mineral matters whereas XRD confirm the presence of these menerals in different fractions of coal flyash. The morphology has been studied by SEM and it is found that it consists largerly of solid or hollow spherical particles of variable size with small bulging of siliceous and aluminous glass with the appearance of cracking at the tip of bulges.</span

Dielectric behaviour and ac electrical conductivity analysis of ZnSe chalcogenide nanoparticles

Zinc Selenide nanoparticles were synthesized successfully by microwave heating process. The phase of the synthesized nanoparticle was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The homogeneity and morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy study. Further, the crystallite size was calculated by Scherer formula and found 32 nm. The average particle size of the synthesized nanoparticles was measured and found 45 nm, which is in close approximation with each other. The temperature and frequency dependence of dielectric constant and ac electrical conductivity measurements of the synthesized nanoparticles were carried out for the first time. Few anomalies in dielectric studies were observed near 200 and 375 oC, respectively. These points were related to glass and amorphous to crystalline phase transitions, respectively. The variation of activation energy and conduction behavior has been studied in the vicinity of transition temperatures in the ac conductivity measurements

Abiotic Stress Responsive miRNA-Target Network and Related Markers (SNP, SSR) in Brassica juncea

Abiotic stress is one of the major factors responsible for huge yield loss in crop plants. MicroRNAs play a key role in adaptive responses of plants under abiotic stress conditions through post-transcriptional gene regulations. In present study, 95 potential miRNAs were predicted in Brassica juncea using comparative genomics approach. It was noted that these miRNAs, target several transcription factors (TFs), transporter family proteins, signaling related genes, and protease encoding genes. Nineteen distinct miRNA-target regulatory networks were observed with significant involvement in regulation of transcription, response to stimulus, hormone and auxin mediated signaling pathway related gene ontology (GO) term. The sucrose-starch metabolism and pentose-gluconate interconversion pathways were found significantly enriched for these target genes. Molecular markers such as Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) were identified on miRNAs (miR-SSRs and miR-SNPs) and their target genes in B. juncea. Notably, one of the miR-SNP (C/T) was found at the 5th position on mature region of miR2926. This C/T transition led to the distorted and unstable hairpin structure of miR2926, consequently complete loss of target function. Hence, findings from this study will lay a foundation for marker assisted breeding for abiotic stress tolerant varieties of B. juncea

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Not AvailableAbiotic stress is one of the major factors responsible for huge yield loss in crop plants. MicroRNAs play a key role in adaptive responses of plants under abiotic stress conditions through post-transcriptional gene regulations. In present study, 95 potential miRNAs were predicted in Brassica juncea using comparative genomics approach. It was noted that these miRNAs, target several transcription factors (TFs), transporter family proteins, signaling related genes, and protease encoding genes. Nineteen distinct miRNA-target regulatory networks were observed with significant involvement in regulation of transcription, response to stimulus, hormone and auxin mediated signaling pathway related gene ontology (GO) term. The sucrose-starch metabolism and pentose-gluconate interconversion pathways were found significantly enriched for these target genes. Molecular markers such as Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) were identified on miRNAs (miR-SSRs and miR-SNPs) and their target genes in B. juncea. Notably, one of the miR-SNP (C/T) was found at the 5th position on mature region of miR2926. This C/T transition led to the distorted and unstable hairpin structure of miR2926, consequently complete loss of target function. Hence, findings from this study will lay a foundation for marker assisted breeding for abiotic stress tolerant varieties of B. juncea.Not Availabl

ICAR-IIAB, Annual Report-2016-17

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Not AvailableSingh, B. K., Nandan, D., Supriya, A., Ram, B., Kumar, A., Singh, T., Meena, H. S., Kumar, V., Singh, V. V., Rai, P. K. and Singh, D. 2015. Validation of molecular markers for marker-assisted pyramiding of white rust resistance loci in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 939 945. Successful application of molecular markers in markerassisted pyramiding relies on effective determination of the target phenotype. In this respect, evaluation of the efficiency of markers for marker-assisted selection through cross-validation in different genetic backgrounds and in different populations is a crucial step. In the present study, the previously identified Arabidopsis-derived intron polymorphic (IP) markers At5g41560 and At2g36360, which were highly linked with AcB1-A4.1 and AcB1-A5.1, respectively, were validated in a set of 25 genotypes of Indian Mustard and in three different F2 populations. The relationships between the variation of PCR products of the two markers with the percent disease index (PDI) of the tested genotypes, and the co-segregation analysis of the markers with disease phenotype in F2 populations clearly indicated that At5g41560 and At2g36360 are genotype-nonspecific markers and are closely linked to white rust resistance loci AcB1-A4.1 and AcB1-A5.1, respectively. It also became evident from the present study that AcB1-A4.1 and an another white rust resistance locus Ac(2)t are likely the same gene locus.Not Availabl