Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Trace elements of some selected medicinal plants of Manipur

227-231The trace elements in the medicinal plants play an important role in the treatment of diseases. Some of the common trace elements in medicinal plants are K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Sr, etc. and the quantities of these trace elements in different medicinal plants are found to be varied leading to the conclusion that they are used for specific purposes. For trace element analysis we used Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique which is one of the most powerful techniques for its quick multi-elemental trace analysis capability and high sensitivity

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-GB">Spectroscopic study of antioxidant property and trace elements of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Meyna spinosa</i> Roxb. ex Link leaves</span>

51-55Antioxidant property of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Meyna spinosa Roxb. ex Link leaf was determined by using UV-Visible and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Further the trace elements present in it were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The concentration of the antioxidant activity, IC50 was found to be 563.23 µg/mL and the trace elements detected were Fe, Zn, Cu, Mo, Cr, Mn. Role of antioxidants and trace elements were discussed with reference to the traditional knowledge

Spectroscopic study of antioxidant property and trace elements of Meyna spinosa Roxb. ex Link leaves

Antioxidant property of Meyna spinosa Roxb. ex Link leaf was determined by using UV-Visible and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Further the trace elements present in it were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The concentration of the antioxidant activity, IC50 was found to be 563.23 µg/mL and the trace elements detected were Fe, Zn, Cu, Mo, Cr, Mn. Role of antioxidants and trace elements were discussed with reference to the traditional knowledge

Structural and Thermal Properties of BaTe₂O₆: Combined Variable-Temperature Synchrotron X‑ray Diffraction, Raman Spectroscopy, and ab Initio Calculations

Variable-temperature Raman spectroscopic and synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies were performed on BaTe₂O₆ (orthorhombic, space group: <i>Cmcm</i>), a mixed-valence tellurium compound with a layered structure, to understand structural stability and anharmonicity of phonons. The structural and vibrational studies indicate no phase transition in it over a wider range of temperature (20 to 853 K). The structure shows anisotropic expansion with coefficients of thermal expansion in the order α_b ≫ α_a > α_c, which was attributed to the anisotropy in bonding and structure of BaTe₂O₆. Temperature evolution of Raman modes of BaTe₂O₆ indicated a smooth decreasing trend in mode frequencies with increasing temperature, while the full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of all modes systematically increases due to a rise in phonon scattering processes. With the use of our earlier reported isothermal mode Grüneisen parameters, thermal properties such as thermal expansion coefficient and molar specific heat are calculated. The pure anharmonic (explicit) and quasiharmonic (implicit) contribution to the total anharmonicity is delineated and compared. The temperature dependence of phonon mode frequencies and their fwhm values are analyzed by anharmonicity models, and the dominating anharmonic phonon scattering mechanism is concluded in BaTe₂O₆. In addition to the lattice modes, several external modes of TeO_<i>n</i> (<i>n</i> = 5, 6) are found to be strongly anharmonic. The ab initio electronic structure calculations indicated BaTe₂O₆ is a direct band gap semiconductor with gap energy of ∼2.1 eV. Oxygen orbitals, namely, O-2p states in the valence band maximum and the sp-hybridized states in the conduction band minimum, are mainly involved in the electronic transitions. In addition a number of electronic transitions are predicted by the electronic structure calculations. Experimental photoluminescence results are adequately explained by the ab initio calculations. Further details of the structural and vibrational properties are explained in the manuscript