On Objective Measures of Rule Surprisingness

Most of the literature argues that surprisingness is an inherently subjective aspect of the discovered knowledge, which cannot be measured in objective terms. This paper departs from this view, and it has a twofold goal: (1) showing that it is indeed possible to define objective (rather than subjective) measures of discovered rule surprisingness; (2) proposing new ideas and methods for defining objective rule surprisingness measures

Waveform distortion in an FM/FM telemetry system

Waveform distortion in FM/FM telemetry syste

Teaching sustainability and stewardship workshop 1: Collaborative approach to developing engagement with science and religion: Exploring sustainability in an international learning community

Workshop 1 introduces a collaborative approach to developing engagement with science and religion, by exploring sustainability in an international learning community of teachers based in Pakistan and England. The aim of the session was to begin to explore sustainability through science and religious worldviews. Participants were invited to: 1. Explore the meaning of the term ‘sustainability’ 2. Consider the relationship between science and religion 3. Reflect on the nature and communication of knowledge 4. Explore the Learning Community Blackboar

Science, religion and sustainability in schools: outlining a teacher learning community approach.

Sustainability is a large and growing field in educational research. Existing research has explored conceptually how the science/religion dialogue might inform sustainability education. This has the potential to enrich sustainability education by acknowledging difference and better engaging students across different religions and worldviews. Fostering a multidisciplinary approach to sustainability education in schools can help create connections between science, RE, geography, economics, and history, as these all contribute to critical thinking and inform compassionate action that supports social justice. Epistemically insightful approaches to teaching and learning have the potential to support this vital dialogue and push back against compartmentalization. In this presentation, we will discuss preliminary work and findings for our pilot study with ECTs, funded by the International Network for Science and Belief in Society. Our project will assess the potential of a cross-national (England and Pakistan) teacher research community model for co-creating resources and approaches that address the above issues of the conflict model, compartmentalization and lack of understanding/confidence in the delivery of sustainability education across different curriculum subjects

Aroma composition of Chardonnay wine

The headspace aroma volatiles of Chardonnay wines from 6 consecutive· vintages were analysed by capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, some 150 compounds were identified. The contribution to aroma of the components of the headspace collection was determined by sniffing the column effluent following gas chromatographic separation. The major fermentation alcohols and esters, acetic acid and damascenone were important aroma compounds of the Chardonnay wines.Die Aromazusammensetzung von Chardonnay-WeinDie Aromastoffe im Dampfraum von Chardonnay-Weinen aus 6 aufeinanderfolgenden Jahrgängen wurden mittels Kapillar-Gaschromatographie und Gaschromatographie-Massenspektrometrie analysiert; hierbei wurden ungefähr 150 Verbindungen identifiziert. Ihre Beteiligung am Aroma des im Dampfraum enthaltenen Substanzgemisches wurde durch „Erschnüffeln" der gaschromatographisch aufgetrennten Komponenten bestimmt. Die wichtigsten Gärungsalkohole und -ester, Essigsäure sowie Damascenon stellen wesentliche Aromastoffe der Chardonnay-Weine dar

Aroma composition of aged Riesling wine

The aroma compositions of 1967, 1969, 1971, 1973 and 1975 Riesling wines made under similar conditions were analysed by headspace GC and GC-MS. Over 140 compounds were identified, many of which were derivable from carbohydrate and carotenoid degradations and terpenoid rearrangements. The 2 isomeric vitispiranes and 1,1,6-trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (TDN) were produced in 9 varietal grape juices with heating: the quantities formed were influenced by grape variety and pH. Riesling juice gave the highest concentrations of TDN, which indicated that wine from this grape variety has the most potential to produce aroma-significant quantities of TDN during long-term cellar storage.Die Aromazusammensetzung von gealtertem RieslingweinDie Aromazusammensetzung von Rieslingweinen der Jahrgänge 1967, 1969, 1971, 1973 und 1975, die unter ähnlichen Bedingungen hergestellt worden waren, wurde mit Hilfe der Dampfraum-Gaschromatographie bzw. auf gaschromatographisch-massenspektrometrischero Wege analysiert. Es wurden über 140 Verbindungen identifiziert, von denen sich viele aus abgebauten Kohlenhydraten und Carotinoiden oder aus umgewandelten Terpenoiden herleiten ließen. Bei Wärmebehandlung des Traubensaftes von 9 Rebsorten wurden die beiden isomeren Vitispirane und l,l,6-Trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalin (TDN) gebildet; die entstandenen Mengen waren von Rebsorte und pH abhängig. Rieslingmost erbrachte die höchsten TDN-Konzentrationen. Dies weist darauf hin, daß im Wein dieser Rebsorte bei langer Kellerlagerung am sichersten aromawirksame Mengen von TDN zu erwarten sind

The nuclear spectrum of the radio galaxy NGC 5128 (Centaurus A)

We present near-infrared spectra of the nuclear disk in the nearby radio galaxy NGC 5128 (Centaurus A). On the basis of the observed strengths of the [S III] 0.9532um and [Fe II] 1.2567um lines, we classify NGC 5128 as a LINER. Modeling of the strengths of these and additional lines suggests that the nuclear region is powered by shocks rather than photoionization.Comment: 12 pages including 2 figures, accepted by ApJ Letter

Vacuum-UV negative photoion spectroscopy of CF3Cl, CF3Br and CF3I

Using synchrotron radiation negative ions have been detected by mass spectrometry following vacuum-UV photoexcitation of trifluorochloromethane (CF$_3$Cl), trifluorobromomethane (CF$_3$Br) and trifluoroiodomethane (CF$_3$I). The anions F$^-$, X$^-$, F$_2^-$, FX$^-$, CF$^-$, CF$_2^-$ and CF$_3^-$ were observed from all three molecules, where X = Cl, Br or I, and their ion yields recorded in the range 8-35 eV. With the exception of Br$^-$ and I$^-$, the anions observed show a linear dependence of signal with pressure, showing that they arise from unimolecular ion-pair dissociation. Dissociative electron attachment, following photoionization of CF$_3$Br and CF$_3$I as the source of low-energy electrons, is shown to dominate the observed Br$^-$ and I$^-$ signals, respectively. Cross sections for ion-pair formation are put on to an absolute scale by calibrating the signal strengths with those of F$^-$ from both SF$_6$ and CF$_4$. These anion cross sections are normalized to vacuum-UV absorption cross sections, where available, and the resulting quantum yields are reported. Anion appearance energies are used to calculate upper limits to 298 K bond dissociation energies for $D^0$(CF$_3$-X) which are consistent with literature values. We report new data for $D^0$(CF$_2$I$^-$-F) ≤ 2.7 ± 0.2 eV and $\Delta_fH^0_{298}$ (CF$_2$I$^+$) ≤ (598 ± 22) kJ mol$^{-1}$. No ion-pair formation is observed below the ionization energy of the parent molecule for CF$_3$Cl and CF$_3$Br, and only weak signals (in both I$^-$ and F$^-$) are detected for CF$_3$I. These observations suggest neutral photodissociation is the dominant exit channel to Rydberg state photoexcitation at these lower energies

A new species of Arachis (Fabaceae) from Mato Grosso, Brazil, related to Arachis Matiensis.

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