EuReCa ONE—27 Nations, ONE Europe, ONE Registry A prospective one month analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in 27 countries in Europe

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the EuReCa ONE study was to determine the incidence, process, and outcome for out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) throughout Europe.MethodsThis was an international, prospective, multi-centre one-month study. Patients who suffered an OHCA during October 2014 who were attended and/or treated by an Emergency Medical Service (EMS) were eligible for inclusion in the study. Data were extracted from national, regional or local registries.ResultsData on 10,682 confirmed OHCAs from 248 regions in 27 countries, covering an estimated population of 174 million. In 7146 (66%) cases, CPR was started by a bystander or by the EMS. The incidence of CPR attempts ranged from 19.0 to 104.0 per 100,000 population per year. 1735 had ROSC on arrival at hospital (25.2%), Overall, 662/6414 (10.3%) in all cases with CPR attempted survived for at least 30 days or to hospital discharge.ConclusionThe results of EuReCa ONE highlight that OHCA is still a major public health problem accounting for a substantial number of deaths in Europe.EuReCa ONE very clearly demonstrates marked differences in the processes for data collection and reported outcomes following OHCA all over Europe. Using these data and analyses, different countries, regions, systems, and concepts can benchmark themselves and may learn from each other to further improve survival following one of our major health care events

La Fondation du Mont-Saint-Michel d'après la Revelatio ecclesiae sancti Michaelis

The Revelatio ecclesiae sancti Michaelis is the sole source of all narratives concerning the foundation of Mont Saint Michel. It would seem on analysis to be a hagiographie work by the bishop of Avranches, meant to affirm the position of the monastety as part of his diocese and his authority over the abbot, at the time when Erispoe received the nearby county of Rennes from Charles Le Chauve, as well as being recognised simultaneously as king of Brittany (851). The figure of Saint Aubert who is portrayed as the founder of the sanctuary, would have been invented at this time, whilst the role of another, known as Bain, would largely have been underestimated. The mention of the reign of Childebert, whose image symbolised the good king, is too commonplace in the hagiography to be able to date the introduction of the cuit of Saint Michael to Mount Tombe.La Revelatio ecclesiae sancti Michaelis est la source unique de tous les récits de la fondation du Mont-Saint-Michel. Elle apparaît à l'analyse comme une composition hagiographique de l'évêque d'Avranches destinée à affirmer l'appartenance du monastère à son diocèse et sa prééminence sur l'abbé, au moment où Erispoé reçoit de Charles le Chauve le comté de Rennes tout proche et la qualité de roi de Bretagne (851). Le personnage de saint Aubert, présenté comme le fondateur du sanctuaire, aurait été forgé à cette occasion, alors que le rôle d'un autre acteur, désigné sous le nom de Bain, aurait été largement minoré. La mention du règne de Childebert, image emblématique du bon roi, est trop banale dans l'hagiographie pour dater l'implantation du culte de saint Michel au Mont Tombe.Simonnet Nicolas. La Fondation du Mont-Saint-Michel d'après la Revelatio ecclesiae sancti Michaelis. In: Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'Ouest. Tome 106, numéro 4, 1999. pp. 7-23

Identification and localization of a novel RFamide-related peptide from the brain of the frog Rana esculenta. Proceedings of the 21st Conference of European Comparative Endocrinologists, pp 33-38

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Occupation and land use history of a medium mountain from the Mid-Holocene: a pluridisciplinary study performed in the south Cantal (French Central Massif)

International audienceA multidisciplinary investigation combining archaeological and palaeoecological approaches (pollen, micro-charcoal, major elements geochemistry, and radiocarbon data) has been carried out since 2000 in the southern Cantal (French Massif Central) in order to achieve a better understanding of the environmental/anthropogenic interactions in a mountain ecosystem ranging from 1000 to 1600m a.s.l. from the Mid-Holocene to the end of Modern Times. This medium mountain area must be considered as a complex landscape shaped during a long-term land-use history. Pollen and archaeological evidences suggest a human frequentation as early as the beginning of the 6th millennium BC. For the following periods, different stages related to the human settlement and anthropogenic activities of land clearance and agro-pastoralism have been documented: the final Neolithic/Early Bronze Age and the Roman period (mainly the 3rd and 4th centuries AD). Middle Ages (between the 10th and the 12th centuries AD) and Modern Times (since the 14th–16th centuries AD) appear to be two key phases revealing complex spatial patterns of land-use

Climate and atmosphere simulator for experiments on ecological systems in changing environments

International audienceGrand challenges in global change research and environmental science raise the need for replicated experiments on ecosystems subjected to controlled changes in multiple environmental factors. We designed and developed the Ecolab as a variable climate and atmosphere simulator for multifactor experimentation on natural or artificial ecosystems. The Ecolab integrates atmosphere conditioning technology optimized for accuracy and reliability. The centerpiece is a highly contained, 13-m(3) chamber to host communities of aquatic and terrestrial species and control climate (temperature, humidity, rainfall, irradiance) and atmosphere conditions (O-2 and CO2 concentrations). Temperature in the atmosphere and in the water or soil column can be controlled independently of each other. All climatic and atmospheric variables can be programmed to follow dynamical trajectories and simulate gradual as well as step changes. We demonstrate the Ecolab's capacity to simulate a broad range of atmospheric and climatic conditions, their diurnal and seasonal variations, and to support the growth of a model terrestrial plant in two contrasting climate scenarios. The adaptability of the Ecolab design makes it possible to study interactions between variable climate atmosphere factors and biotic disturbances. Developed as an open-access, multichamber platform, this equipment is available to the international scientific community for exploring interactions and feedbacks between ecological and climate systems

Where has the pollution gone? A survey of organic contaminants in Ho Chi Minh city / Saigon River (Vietnam) bed sediments

International audienceA wide range of persistent organic chemicals, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), some insecticides, as well as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and some perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were analyzed in 17 bed sediments collected along the Saigon River and at adjacent canal mouths from upstream to downstream in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). Concentrations were rather low for PAHs, as well as for legacy PCBs and dichloro-diphenyl-trichlorethane and metabolites (DDTs), or below detection limits for several PFASs and all PBDEs measured. Several insecticides (chlorpyrifos-ethyl, and the pyrethroids cypermethrin and λ-cyhalothrin) displayed rather high concentrations at a few sites within the city. There was no distinct upstream – downstream trend for PAHs, (DDTs) or PCBs. Although adjacent canal sediments tended to be more contaminated than Saigon River sediments, the differences were not significant. Emissions are almost certainly substantial for PAHs, and probably also for other contaminants such as PBDEs and some PFASs. During the dry season, contaminants are presumably stored in the city, either in canals or on urban surfaces. Heavy rainfall during the monsoon period carries away contaminated particle flows into the canals and then the Saigon River. The strong tidal influence in the river channel hinders the accumulation of contaminated particles. Contaminated deposits should accordingly be investigated further downstream in depositional environments, such as the mangrove

Isolation, characterization, and distribution of a novel neuropeptide,Rana RFamide (R-RFa), in the brain of the European green frogRana esculenta

International audienceA novel neuropeptide of the RFamide peptide family was isolated in pure form from a frog (Rana esculenta) brain extract by using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography in combination with a radioimmunoassay for mammalian neuropeptide FF (NPFF). The primary structure of the peptide was established as Ser-Leu-Lys- Pro-Ala-Ala-Asn-Leu-Pro-Leu- Arg-Phe-NH(2). The sequence of this neuropeptide, designated Rana RFamide (R-RFa), exhibits substantial similarities with those of avian LPLRFamide, gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone, and human RFRP-1. The distribution of R-RFa was investigated in the frog central nervous system by using an antiserum directed against bovine NPFF. In the brain, immunoreactive cell bodies were primarily located in the hypothalamus, i.e., the anterior preoptic area, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and the dorsal and ventral hypothalamic nuclei. The most abundant population of R-RFa-containing neurons was found in the periependymal region of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. R-RFa- containing fibers were widely distributed throughout the brain from the olfactory bulb to the brainstem, and were particularly abundant in the external layer of the median eminence. In the spinal cord, scattered immunoreactive neurons were found in the gray matter. R-RFa-positive processes were found in all regions of the spinal cord, but they were more abundant in the dorsal horn. This study provides the first characterization of a member of the RFamide peptide family in amphibians. The occurrence of this novel neuropeptide in the hypothalamus and median eminence and in the dorsal region of the spinal cord suggests that, in frog, R-RFa may exert neuroendocrine activities and/or may be involved in the transmission of nociceptive stimuli

: Diffusion et exploitation d'un traceur lithologique au cours du Paléolithique supérieur dans le sud de la France : l'exemple du type Chalosse

International audienceThe authors propose a petroarchaeological approach to understanding the exploitation of the environment and its resources by prehistoric groups. Petroarchaeology broadly defined includes the geological field study of formations containing lithic raw materials; the characterisation of these lithic materials and the study of their circulation. Most of the silica-rich rocks found within the Aquitainian basin were exploited during the Upper Palaeolithic. Some of these are well known, especially the Bergeracois flint from western Perigord which contains the fossil Orbitoides media. This flint is often used as a 'tracer' to study the circulation of lithic raw materials in the Upper Palaeolithic of southwest France. Recent work in the Pyrenean Piedmont has identified several other flint sources that offer similar potential as 'tracers'. This article focuses on the flint-bearing formations of the Chalosse region that contain the fossil Lepidorbitoides sp. The authors provide a brief overview of the archaeological and geoarchaeological work done in the region of La Chalosse. Four main geological areas contain flints and were targeted: the Tercis, Saint-Lon-les-Mines and Audignon anticlines, and the Bastennes-Gaujacq dome-diapir. Geological maps for the region, outcrop photos and thin section images of fossil species are provided. Archaeological research demonstrates that the Maastrichtian age silicified members of the Chalosse region were clearly used throughout the Upper Palaeolithic. A preliminary survey of archaeological sites from the Aquitainian-Pyrenean region that have produced the Chalosse Lepidorbitoides sp. type flint is presented and mapped. The Chalosse flints are shown to travel over considerable distances along the Pyrenean Piedmont and northeast to the Aquitainian basin. In order to study the technological use of the Chalosse flint, the Solutrean-Badegoulian lithic assemblage from the Abri du Cozoul de Vers in the Quercy region was analysed. The chaîne opératoire of the Chalosse flint is Pierre Chalard et al. 14 diversified, and differs from that of other non-local flints which together make up a small proportion of the lithic assemblage (10%-15%). According to the authors, more geological fieldwork is needed and the fossil markers for Chalosse flint needs to be more precisely defined; however, the Chalosse Lepidorbitoides sp. type flint already shows great promise as a 'tracer' for understanding prehistoric group mobility, territory and interaction.En France, l'exemple des silex Maastrichtiens à Lepidorbitoïdes sp. provenant de Chalosse permet d'aborder la question de la circulation des matières premières siliceuses au cours du Paléolithique supérieur. En effet, en tant que " traceurs " lithologiques, ces derniers permettent, associées à la caractérisation géologique et géographique ainsi qu'à l'analyse technologique de l'ensemble des matériaux composant les industries, d'acquérir l'image, certes partielle, du territoire d'un groupe. Par leur large diffusion, ces matériaux semblent avoir joué un rôle constant pendant toute la durée du Paléolithique supérieur. Leur exploitation au Badegoulien récent (c. 18.500 BP) n'en est qu'un exemple, le statut de cette zone d'approvisionnement ayant du varier avec le temps