6,547 research outputs found
Dynamics of the Wang-Landau algorithm and complexity of rare events for the three-dimensional bimodal Ising spin glass
We investigate the performance of flat-histogram methods based on a
multicanonical ensemble and the Wang-Landau algorithm for the three-dimensional
+/- J spin glass by measuring round-trip times in the energy range between the
zero-temperature ground state and the state of highest energy. Strong
sample-to-sample variations are found for fixed system size and the
distribution of round-trip times follows a fat-tailed Frechet extremal value
distribution. Rare events in the fat tails of these distributions corresponding
to extremely slowly equilibrating spin glass realizations dominate the
calculations of statistical averages. While the typical round-trip time scales
exponential as expected for this NP-hard problem, we find that the average
round-trip time is no longer well-defined for systems with N >= 8^3 spins. We
relate the round-trip times for multicanonical sampling to intrinsic properties
of the energy landscape and compare with the numerical effort needed by the
genetic Cluster-Exact Approximation to calculate the exact ground state
energies. For systems with N >= 8^3 spins the simulation of these rare events
becomes increasingly hard. For N >= 14^3 there are samples where the
Wang-Landau algorithm fails to find the true ground state within reasonable
simulation times. We expect similar behavior for other algorithms based on
multicanonical sampling.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figure
Sensitive bi-enzymatic biosensor based on polyphenoloxidasesâgold nanoparticlesâchitosan hybrid filmâgraphene doped carbon paste electrode for carbamates detection
A bi-enzymatic biosensor (LACCâTYRâAuNPsâCS/GPE) for carbamates was prepared in a single step by electrodeposition of a hybrid film onto a graphene doped carbon paste electrode (GPE). Graphene and the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were morphologically characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and laser Doppler velocimetry. The electrodeposited hybrid film was composed of laccase (LACC), tyrosinase (TYR) and AuNPs entrapped in a chitosan (CS) polymeric matrix. Experimental parameters, namely graphene redox state, AuNPs:CS ratio, enzymes concentration, pH and inhibition time were evaluated. LACCâTYRâAuNPsâCS/GPE exhibited an improved MichaelisâMenten kinetic constant (26.9 ± 0.5 M) when compared with LACCâAuNPsâCS/GPE (37.8 ± 0.2 M) and TYRâAuNPsâCS/GPE (52.3 ± 0.4 M). Using 4-aminophenol as substrate at pH 5.5, the device presented wide linear ranges, low detection limits (1.68Ă10â 9 ± 1.18Ă10â 10 â 2.15Ă10â 7 ± 3.41Ă10â 9 M), high accuracy, sensitivity (1.13Ă106 ± 8.11Ă104 â 2.19Ă108 ± 2.51Ă107 %inhibition Mâ 1), repeatability (1.2â5.8% RSD), reproducibility (3.2â6.5% RSD) and stability (ca. twenty days) to determine carbaryl, formetanate hydrochloride, propoxur and ziram in citrus fruits based on their inhibitory capacity on the polyphenoloxidases activity. Recoveries at two fortified levels ranged from 93.8 ± 0.3% (lemon) to 97.8 ± 0.3% (orange). Glucose, citric acid and ascorbic acid do not interfere significantly in the electroanalysis. The proposed electroanalytical procedure can be a promising tool for food safety control
Esterase screening using whole cells of Brazilian soil microorganisms
A miniaturized enzymatic assay using fluorescent probes to reveal esterase producing microorganisms was optimized and applied to screen 64 soil bacterial strains. The best results were validated using traditional non-fluorogenic assays with acetyl and propanoyl phenylethanol to confirm the miniaturized results. The most active microorganisms belong to the genus Bacillus showing esterase activity and good enantiomeric ratios for the resolution of phenylethanol derivatives (E > 30). Part of the microorganisms are kept in our laboratory in glycerol or freeze-dried and the best microorganisms will be deposited in the CBMAI/CPQBA/Unicamp culture collection
Esterase screening using whole cells of Brazilian soil microorganisms
A miniaturized enzymatic assay using fluorescent probes to reveal esterase producing microorganisms was optimized and applied to screen 64 soil bacterial strains. The best results were validated using traditional non-fluorogenic assays with acetyl and propanoyl phenylethanol to confirm the miniaturized results. The most active microorganisms belong to the genus Bacillus showing esterase activity and good enantiomeric ratios for the resolution of phenylethanol derivatives (E > 30). Part of the microorganisms are kept in our laboratory in glycerol or freeze-dried and the best microorganisms will be deposited in the CBMAI/CPQBA/Unicamp culture collection.Um ensaio enzimĂĄtico miniaturizado com sondas fluorescentes para triagem rĂĄpida de microrganismos produtores de esterases foi implementado e aplicado a 64 linhagens de bactĂ©rias de solo. Os melhores resultados foram validados por mĂ©todos convencionais e substratos nĂŁo fluorogĂȘnicos (feniletanol acetilado e propanoilado) e confirmaram os resultados obtidos nas triagens rĂĄpidas. Os microrganismos que apresentaram atividades enzimĂĄticas mais relevantes (razĂŁo enantiomĂ©rica E > 30) na hidrĂłlise de Ă©steres e na obtenção de boas razĂ”es enantiomĂ©ricas foram identificados como pertencentes ao gĂȘnero Bacillus. Parte dos microrganismos se encontra preservada em glicerol e/ou liofilizada no IQ/Unicamp e trĂȘs linhagens serĂŁo depositadas na CBMAI do CPQBA/Unicamp como depĂłsitos abertos.14841489Fundação de Amparo Ă Pesquisa do Estado de SĂŁo Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientĂfico e TecnolĂłgico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de NĂvel Superior (CAPES
Perfil glucometabĂłlico inicial en pacientes con sĂndrome coronario agudo y sĂndrome metabĂłlico
BACKGROUND: Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are at high coronary risk and beta-cell dysfunction or insulin resistance might predict an additional risk for early cardiovascular events. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate early glucometabolic alterations in patients with MetS, but without previously known type 2 diabetes, after acute coronary syndrome. METHODS: A total of 114 patients were submitted to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 1-3 days after hospital discharge due to myocardial infarction or unstable angina. Based on the OGTT, we defined three groups of patients: normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n=26), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; n=39), or diabetes (DM; n=49). The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was used to measure insulin resistance; beta-cell responsiveness was assessed by the insulinogenic index at 30 min (ÎI30/ÎG30). RESULTS: Based on the HOMA-IR, patients with DM were more insulin-resistant than those with NGT or IGT (p<0.001). According to the insulinogenic index, the beta-cell responsiveness was also impaired in subjects with DM (p<0.001 vs NGT or IGT). CONCLUSION: High rates of glucometabolic alterations were found after acute coronary syndrome in patients with MetS. As these abnormalities markedly increase the risk for adverse outcomes, early OGTT among MetS patients might be used to identify those at the highest coronary risk.FUNDAMENTO: Pacientes con sĂndrome metabĂłlico (SM) tienen alto riesgo coronario y la disfunciĂłn de la cĂ©lula beta o la resistencia a la insulina puede prever un riesgo adicional de eventos cardiovasculares precoces. OBJETIVO: Evaluar las alteraciones glucometabĂłlicas precoces en pacientes con SM, pero sin diagnĂłstico de diabetes tipo 2, tras el sĂndrome coronario agudo. MĂTODOS: Un total de 114 pacientes fue sometido a la prueba oral de tolerancia a la glucosa (POTG), de un a tres dĂas tras el alta hospitalaria, y luego de infarto agudo de miocardio o angina inestable. Basado en el POTG, definimos tres grupos de pacientes: tolerancia normal a la glucosa (TNG; n=26), tolerancia alterada a la glucosa (TAG; n=39) o diabetes mellitus (DM; n=49). Se utilizĂł el Modelo de EvaluaciĂłn de la Homeostasis (HOMA-IR) para estimarse la resistencia a la insulina; se evaluĂł la responsividad de la cĂ©lula beta a travĂ©s del Ăndice insulinogĂ©nico de 30 minutos (ÎI30/ÎG30). RESULTADOS: Basado en el HOMA-IR, los pacientes con DM se mostraban mĂĄs insulinoresistentes que los individuos con TNG o TAG (p<0,001). De acuerdo con el Ăndice insulinogĂ©nico, la responsividad de la cĂ©lula beta tambiĂ©n estaba alterada en individuos con DM (p<0,001 vs. TNG o TAG). CONCLUSIONES: Se encontraron altas tasas de alteraciones glucometabĂłlicas tras el sĂndrome coronario agudo en pacientes con SM. Como esas anormalidades incrementan acentuadamente el riesgo de desenlaces adversos, el POTG precoz se puede utilizar en pacientes con SM para identificar a los que presentan mayor riesgo coronario.FUNDAMENTO: Pacientes com sĂndrome metabĂłlica (SM) tĂȘm alto risco coronariano e a disfunção da cĂ©lula beta ou resistĂȘncia Ă insulina pode prever um risco adicional de eventos cardiovasculares precoces. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alteraçÔes glicometabĂłlicas precoces em pacientes com SM, mas sem diagnĂłstico de diabete tipo 2, apĂłs sĂndrome coronariana aguda. MĂTODOS: Um total de 114 pacientes foi submetido ao teste oral de tolerĂąncia Ă glicose (TOTG), 1-3 dias da alta hospitalar, apĂłs infarto agudo do miocĂĄrdio ou angina instĂĄvel. Baseado no TOTG, definimos trĂȘs grupos de pacientes: tolerĂąncia normal Ă glicose (TNG; n=26), tolerĂąncia alterada Ă glicose (TAG; n=39) ou diabetes mellitus (DM; n=49). O Modelo de Avaliação da Homeostase (HOMA-IR) foi usado para estimar a resistĂȘncia Ă insulina; a responsividade da cĂ©lula beta foi avaliada atravĂ©s do Ăndice insulinogĂȘnico de 30 minutos (ÎI30/ÎG30). RESULTADOS: Baseado no HOMA-IR, os pacientes com DM eram mais insulino-resistentes do que aqueles com TNG ou TAG (p<0,001). De acordo com o Ăndice insulinogĂȘnico, a responsividade da cĂ©lula beta tambĂ©m estava alterada em indivĂduos com DM (p<0,001 vs TNG ou TAG). CONCLUSĂO: Altas taxas de alteraçÔes glicometabĂłlicas foram encontradas apĂłs sĂndrome coronariana aguda em pacientes com SM. Como essas anormalidades acentuadamente aumentam o risco de desfechos adversos, o TOTG precoce pode ser utilizado em pacientes com SM para identificar aqueles que apresentam maior risco coronariano.Fundação de Amparo Ă Pesquisa do Estado de SĂŁo Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientĂfico e TecnolĂłgico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de NĂvel Superior (CAPES)Universidade Federal de SĂŁo Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL
(Bio)Sensing Strategies Based on Ionic Liquid-Functionalized Carbon Nanocomposites for Pharmaceuticals: Towards Greener Electrochemical Tools
The interaction of carbon-based nanomaterials and ionic liquids (ILs) has been thoroughly exploited for diverse electroanalytical solutions since the first report in 2003. This combination, either through covalent or non-covalent functionalization, takes advantage of the unique characteristics inherent to each material, resulting in synergistic effects that are conferred to the electrochemical (bio)sensing system. From one side, carbon nanomaterials offer miniaturization capacity with enhanced electron transfer rates at a reduced cost, whereas from the other side, ILs contribute as ecological dispersing media for the nanostructures, improving conductivity and biocompatibility. The present review focuses on the use of this interesting type of nanocomposites for the development of (bio)sensors specifically for pharmaceutical detection, with emphasis on the analytical (bio)sensing features. The literature search displayed the conjugation of more than 20 different ILs and several carbon nanomaterials (MWCNT, SWCNT, graphene, carbon nanofibers, fullerene, and carbon quantum dots, among others) that were applied for a large set (about 60) of pharmaceutical compounds. This great variability causes a straightforward comparison between sensors to be a challenging task. Undoubtedly, electrochemical sensors based on the conjugation of carbon nanomaterials with ILs can potentially be established as sustainable analytical tools and viable alternatives to more traditional methods, especially concerning in situ environmental analysisThis work was financed by FEDERâFundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020âOperacional Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI), and by Portuguese funds through FCTâFundação para a CiĂȘncia e a Tecnologia in the framework of the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029547âPTDC/ASP-PES/29547/2017.
This work received support by UIDB/50006/2020, UIDP/50006/ 2020 and LA/P/0008/2020 by the Fundação para a CiĂȘncia e a Tecnologia (FCT), MinistĂ©rio da CiĂȘncia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (MCTES) through national funds. T.M.B.F. Oliveira thanks the Brazilian agencies CNPq (Proc. 420261/2018-4 and 308108/2020-5) and FUNCAP (Proc. BP4-0172-00111.01.00/20) for their financial support, and he is grateful to UFCA and CAPES (Finance code 001) for supporting his investigations. F.W.P. Ribeiro thanks all support provided by the UFCAâs Pro-Rectory of Research and Innovation and the funding provided by FUNCAP-BPI (Proc. BP4-0172-00150.01.00/20) and CNPq (Proc. 406135/2018-5). P. de Lima-Neto thanks the financial support received from CNPq projects 408626/2018-6 and 304152/2018-8 and FUNCAP project FCT-00141-00011.01.00/18. A. N. Correia thanks the financial support received from CNPq projects: 305136/2018-6 and 405596/2018-9info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Comparative Cr, As and CCA induced Cytostaticity in mice kidney: a contribution to assess CCA toxicity
CCA (Chromium Copper Arsenate) treated wood, widely used in outdoor residential structures and playgrounds, poses considerable dangers of leaching of its components to the environment. In this study, mouse kidney samples were used to evaluate the effects of CCA, chromium trioxide (CrO3) and arsenic pentoxide (As2O5) on cell pathophysiology by flow cytometry. Samples were collected after 14, 24, 48 and 96âŻh of animal exposure. While Cr had no statistically significant cytostatic effects, As2O5 induced a S-phase delay in animals exposed for 24âŻh, and over time a G0/G1 phase blockage. The effects of CCA in S-phase were similar, but more severe than those of As2O5. Since environmental and public health hazards due to the long durability of CCA-treated wood products, these data confirm that CCA has profoundly toxic effects on cell cycle, distinct from the compounds themselves. These cytostatic effects support cell cycle dynamics as a valuable endpoint to assess the toxicity of remaining CCA-treated infrastructures, and the expected increased waste stream over the coming decades.publishe
Flexible carbon electrodes for electrochemical detection of bisphenol-a, hydroquinone and catechol in water samples
This research was funded by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), grant number (Proc. 2018/22214-6 and 2016/01919-6); by Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-Brazil (CAPES), grant number 88887.375050/2019-00 and 88887.375049/2019-00; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-CNPq, grant number 153855/2018-5 and 423952/2018-8 and INEO (Brazil).The detection of pollutant traces in the public water supply and aquifers is essential for the safety of the population. In this article, we demonstrate that a simple electrochemical procedure in acidic solution can be employed for enhancing the sensitivity of flexible screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPEs) to detect bisphenol-A (BPA), hydroquinone, and catechol, simultaneously. The SPEs were pretreated electrochemically in a H2 SO4 solution, which did not affect their morphology, yielding high current signals with well separated oxidation peaks. The sensitivity values were 0.28, 0.230, and 0.056 ”A L ”molâ1 with detection limits of 0.12, 0.82, and 0.95 ”mol Lâ1 for hydroquinone, catechol, and BPA, respectively. The sensors were reproducible and selective for detecting BPA in plastic cups, and with adequate specificity not to be affected by interferents from water samples. The simple, inexpensive, and flexible SPE may thus be used to detect emerging pollutants and monitor the water quality.publishersversionpublishe
Is SAPS 3 better than APACHE II at predicting mortality in critically ill transplant patients?
OBJECTIVES: This study compared the accuracy of the Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 with that of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II at predicting hospital mortality in patients from a transplant intensive care unit. METHOD: A total of 501 patients were enrolled in the study (152 liver transplants, 271 kidney transplants, 54 lung transplants, 24 kidney-pancreas transplants) between May 2006 and January 2007. The Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 was calculated using the global equation (customized for South America) and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score; the scores were calculated within 24 hours of admission. A receiver-operating characteristic curve was generated, and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was calculated to identify the patients at the greatest risk of death according to Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was used for statistically significant results and indicated a difference in performance over deciles. The standardized mortality ratio was used to estimate the overall model performance. RESULTS: The ability of both scores to predict hospital mortality was poor in the liver and renal transplant groups and average in the lung transplant group (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve = 0.696 for Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 and 0.670 for Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II). The calibration of both scores was poor, even after customizing the Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 score for South America. CONCLUSIONS: The low predictive accuracy of the Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores does not warrant the use of these scores in critically ill transplant patients
- âŠ