Distribution of the number of particles in the final state of hadron-nucleus collisions

Recently, Liou, Mueller and Munier have argued that proton-nucleus collisions at the LHC may give access to the full statistics of the event-by-event fluctuations of the gluon density in the proton. Indeed, the number of particles produced in an event in rapidity slices in the fragmentation region of the proton may, under some well-defined assumptions, be directly related to the number of gluons which have a transverse momentum larger than the nuclear saturation scale present in the proton at the time of the interaction with the nucleus. A first calculation of the probability distribution of the number of gluons in a hadron was performed, using the color dipole model. In this talk, we review this proposal, and present preliminary numerical calculations which support the analytical results obtained so far.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures. Talk presented at DIS 201

Electrochemical Kinetic Study of LiFePO4 Using Cavity Microelectrode

Lithium cation insertion and extraction in LiFePO4 were electrochemically studied with a cavity microelectrode (CME). Cyclic voltammetry measurements were used to characterize the kinetics of the material. LiFePO4 was successfully cycled from 0.1 mV s–1 up to 1 V s–1 and is therefore a suitable material to be used in high power applications, such as asymmetric hybrid supercapacitors. Several kinetic behaviors were observed depending on the sweep rate. The LiFePO4 was found to follow different kinetics behaviors depending of the sweep rate. The charge storage mechanisms were investigated for Liþ extraction/insertion

Proposals for the Reborn Pharo Developer

International audienceSmalltalk was at the birth of current IDEs. Current Smalltalk IDEs, however, lost their abilities to adapt to developer needs (edit and jump, back button, auto-completion,...). Therefore while offering a powerful sets of tools current Smalltalk IDEs looks clunky and often lacks the application of a consistent set of guidelines. In this paper we sketch some possible IDEs future features or reorganization

Cycles Assessment with CycleTable

Understanding the package organization of a large application is a challenging and critical task since it allows developers to better maintain the application. Several ap- proaches show in different ways software structure. Fewer show modularity issues at the package level. We focus on modularity issues due to cyclic dependencies between packages. Most approaches detect Strongly Connected Components (SCC) in a graph of dependencies. However, SCC detection does not allow one to easily understand and remove cyclic dependencies in legacy software displaying dozens of packages all dependent on each other. This paper presents i) a heuristic to focus on shared dependencies between cycles in SCC and ii) CycleTable, a visualization showing interesting dependencies to efficiently remove cycles in the system. This visualization is completed with enriched cells, small views displaying the internals of a dependency [LDDB09]. We performed i) a case study which shows that the shared dependency heuristic highlights dependencies to be removed, and ii) a comparative study which shows that CycleTable is useful for the task of breaking cycles in a SCC compared to a normal node-link representation

Visualisations pour la remodularisation à large échelle des systèmes à objets

National audienceDans ce chapitre, nous abordons deux points critiques de la remodularisa- tion : comment visualiser la structure d'un logiciel pour aider à la rendre mod- ulaire et comment aider le développeur à prendre les bonnes décisions. D'abord nous décrivons certains outils pour visualiser la structure des logiciels et comment nous les adaptons à la remodularisation. Ensuite nous présentons des visualisations adaptées à l'identification des problèmes de modularité. Enfin, nous proposons un outil, nommé Orion, permettant de simuler les changements de structure d'un logi- ciel. Il permet d'analyser l'impact des changements dans la structure et d'évaluer les coûts associés

Utilization of temperature kinetics as a method to predict treatment intensity and corresponding treated wood quality : durability and mechanical properties of thermally modified wood

Wood heat treatment is an attractive alternative to improve decay resistance of wood species with low natural durability. However, this improvement of durability is realized at the expense of the mechanical resistance. Decay resistance and mechanical properties are strongly correlated to thermal degradation of wood cells wall components. Mass loss resulting from this degradation is a good indicator of treatment intensity and final treated wood properties. However, the introduction of a fast and accurate system for measuring this mass loss on an industrial scale is very difficult. Nowadays, many studies are conducted on the determination of control parameters which could be correlated with the treatment conditions and final heat treated wood quality such as decay resistance. The aim of this study is to investigate the relations between kinetics of temperature used during thermal treatment process representing heat treatment intensity, mass losses due to thermal degradation and conferred properties to heat treated wood. It might appear that relative area of treatment temperature curves is a good indicator of treatment intensity. Heat treatment with different treatment conditions (temperature-time) have been performed under vacuum, on four wood species (one hardwood and three softwoods) in order to obtain thermal degradation mass loses of 8, 10 and 12%. For each experiment, relative areas corresponding to temperature kinetics, mass loss, decay resistance and mechanical properties have been determined. Results highlight the statement that the temperature curves’ area constitutes a good indicator in the prediction of needed treatment intensity, to obtain required wood durability and mechanical properties such as bending resistance and Brinell hardness.LERMaB is supported by the French National Research Agency through the Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE (ANR-12- LABXARBRE-01), the authors gratefully acknowledge this ai