Maladaptive cognitive appraisals in children with high-functioning autism : associations with fear, anxiety and theory of mind

Despite the well-documented success of cognitive restructuring techniques in the treatment of anxiety disorders, there is still little clarity on which cognitions underpin fear and anxiety in children with high-functioning spectrum disorders (HFASD). This study examined whether certain cognitive appraisals, known to be associated with fear and anxiety in non-HFASD groups, may help explain these emotions in children with HFASD. It also investigated relations between these cognitive appraisals and theory-of-mind (TOM). Using a vignette approach, appraisals, fear and anxiety were assessed in 22 children with HFASD and 22 typically developing (TD) children. The two groups differed significantly on all four appraisal types. Anxiety was negatively correlated with future expectancy and positively with problem-focused coping potential in the HFASD group, but was not correlated with appraisals in the TD group. Emotion-focused coping potential was the only appraisal correlated with fear in the HFASD group and only self-accountability in the TD group. Linear regression analysis found appraisals of emotion-focused coping potential, problem-focused coping potential and future expectancy to be significant predictors of TOM ability in the HFASD group. These findings indicate that specific, problematic patterns of appraisal may characterise children with HFASD

Strongly graded groupoids and strongly graded Steinberg algebras

We study strongly graded groupoids, which are topological groupoids $\mathcal G$ equipped with a continuous, surjective functor $\kappa: \mathcal G \to \Gamma$, to a discrete group $\Gamma$, such that $\kappa^{-1}(\gamma)\kappa^{-1}(\delta) = \kappa^{-1}(\gamma \delta)$, for all $\gamma, \delta \in \Gamma$. We introduce the category of graded $\mathcal G$-sheaves, and prove an analogue of Dade's Theorem: $\mathcal G$ is strongly graded if and only if every graded $\mathcal G$-sheaf is induced by a $\mathcal G_{\epsilon}$-sheaf. The Steinberg algebra of a graded ample groupoid is graded, and we prove that the algebra is strongly graded if and only if the groupoid is. Applying this result, we obtain a complete graphical characterisation of strongly graded Leavitt path and Kumjian-Pask algebras

The Relationship between Knowledge Management Tools and Interprofessional Healthcare Team Decision Making

Rising costs and continued risks in patient care indicate that knowledge management (KM) tools have not been fully recognized in healthcare. A case study was conducted to determine how KM tools might support the decision-making process of interprofessional teams. The study was predominately qualitative with a quantitative supplemental component. A questionnaire was used to collect data; this questionnaire contained open-ended questions along with Baggs\u27 Collaboration and Satisfaction about Care Decisions and Anderson & West\u27s Team Climate Inventory instruments. Responses to open-ended questions were reviewed, categorized, and coded as part of the qualitative analysis. Descriptive statistics were completed from Likert scale responses. Participants were selected from existing interprofessional transitional care teams in clinics at a VA hospital; a total of 29 participants volunteered. The framework of decision making and KM was the basis for the study. The research concentrated on interprofessional teams\u27 environment characteristics of trust, collaboration, and sharing. The intended goal of the study was to understand how satisfaction in the delivery of collaborative care decisions and the team climate might influence the success of using or implementing KM tools. Key findings included the importance of communication to support teams\u27 knowledge sharing and collaboration; findings also revealed how the satisfaction in the patient care decision-making process may influence a team\u27s climate for innovation, collaboration, and sharing. These insights may inform the development and implementation of healthcare KM tools. Through the use of KM tools to support clinical decision making, opportunities become available to improve patient care and reduce costs, which lead to a positive social change in minimizing the disparity in the healthcare delivery system

Urban sound planning in Brighton and Hove

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EBC Development and Behaviour Analysis for High Temperature CMC Components

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Intellectual Property: What It Is, Why You Should Care, and Existing PSU Policies

This session, hosted by the Faculty Welfare Committee, offers information about basic aspects of intellectual property, faculty rights to ownership of this type of property and how current policy protects those rights. There will be examples from multiple disciplines and plenty of time for questions and discussion

Synapse-Specific Inhibitory Control of Hippocampal Feedback Inhibitory Circuit

Local circuit and long-range GABAergic projections provide powerful inhibitory control over the operation of hippocampal inhibitory circuits, yet little is known about the input- and target-specific organization of interacting inhibitory networks in relation to their specific functions. Using a combination of two-photon laser scanning photostimulation and whole-cell patch clamp recordings in mice hippocampal slices, we examined the properties of transmission at GABAergic synapses formed onto hippocampal CA1 stratum oriens – lacunosum moleculare (O–LM) interneurons by two major inhibitory inputs: local projection originating from stratum radiatum interneurons and septohippocampal GABAergic terminals. Optical mapping of local inhibitory inputs to O–LM interneurons revealed that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and calretinin-positive neurons, with anatomical properties typical of type III interneuron-specific interneurons, provided the major local source of inhibition to O–LM cells. Inhibitory postsynaptic currents evoked by minimal stimulation of this input exhibited small amplitude and significant paired-pulse and multiple-pulse depression during repetitive activity. Moreover, these synapses failed to show any form of long-term synaptic plasticity. In contrast, synapses formed by septohippocampal projection produced higher amplitude and persistent inhibition and exhibited long-term potentiation induced by theta-like activity. These results indicate the input and target-specific segregation in inhibitory control, exerted by two types of GABAergic projections and responsible for distinct dynamics of inhibition in O–LM interneurons. The two inputs are therefore likely to support the differential activity- and brain state-dependent recruitment of hippocampal feedback inhibitory circuits in vivo, crucial for dendritic disinhibition and computations in CA1 pyramidal cells

Strategy use in number line tasks of students with mathematical difficulties: an eye-tracking study

The number line is an important mathematical tool, especially in primary education. Previous research suggests that students with mathematical difficulties (MD) tend to have difficulties in empty number line tasks, but little is known about marked number lines. The aim of this study was to investigate if students with MD differ in their strategy use from students without MD in marked number line tasks. In our empirical study with fifth-grade students with and without MD (each n=20), we used eye tracking (ET), the recording of eye movements to gain insights into students’ strategies. Based on ET video data, we inductively developed a category system of student strategies using qualitative content analysis. Our data analysis revealed significant differences: Students with MD used counting strategies more often—and less direct locating