15 research outputs found

    Prevalence of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida in goats from selected farms in Selangor, Malaysia

    Get PDF
    Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida are natural inhabitants of the upper respiratory tract of healthy animals and can cause pneumonic pasteurellosis in stressed animals. Healthy animals are able to control the multiplication of these bacteria and the inhaled bacteria, if they migrate to the lungs, will be cleared by the host defense mechanisms. Stress and other infections will cause the breakdown of the host defense mechanisms. These will lead to multiplication of the bacteria and colonisation of the lungs. Outbreaks of pneumonia occur in 10 to 14 days post-stress exposure. These bacteria are gram-negative, facultative anaerobes and have rod-shaped morphology. The special characteristic of these bacteria is that they show bipolar staining characteristic under Giemsa and Wright’s stains. Mannheimia haemolytica is haemolytic on blood agar and O-nitrophenyl-ÎČ, D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) positive while Pasteurella multocida is non-haemolytic on blood agar and ONPG negative. Ninety six (96) nasopharyngeal swab samples were taken from 4 goat farms in Selangor, Malaysia and bacterial isolation and identification were carried out. Presumptive isolates were identified by biochemical tests. Out of the 96 samples, 3 were positive for Mannheimia haemolytica and 11 positive for Pasteurella multocida. This gives a 3.13% and 11.46% prevalence rate for Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella mutocida, respectively. The antibiotic sensitivity tests done on both isolates showed 29% were resistant to streptomycin and 21% resistant to compound sulfonamide. All isolates were sensitive to ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid whilst 93% was sensitive to oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin. Even with low prevalence of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida, it is important to control and prevent their infections and also to prevent further development of antimicrobial resistance as the disease is associated with these bacteria and have high economic impact

    Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Jajargenjang Dengan Menggunakan Metode Penemuan Terbimbing Di Kelas IV SDN Inpres Manyula

    Full text link
    Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan metode penemuan terbimbing yang dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa Kelas IV SDN Inpres Manyula pada materi jajargenjang. Pengolahan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data kualitatif. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data hasil aktifitas guru dan siswa selama pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan lembar observasi, data hasil wawancara pada setiap siklus dengan beberapa siswa yang dijadikan sebagai informan, dan tes hasil belajar. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan secara bersiklus. Desain Penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 komponen yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan evaluasi/refleksi. Pelaksanaan penelitian tindakan kelas ini mengikuti tahap penelitian tindakan yang tiap tahap disebut siklus. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tampak bahwa hasil belajar siswa meningkat pada materi jajargenjang dengan menggunakan metode penemuan terbimbing pada Kelas IV SDN Inpres Manyula Kecamatan Kintom. Data hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siklus I daya serap klasikal 76,36%, tuntas klasikal 63,64%, hasil observasi aktivitas guru 76,32%, hasil observasi aktivitas siswa 71,05%. Kemudian pada siklus II daya serap klasikal 88,64%, tuntas klasikal 100%, hasil observasi aktivitas guru 90,79%, hasil observasi aktivitas siswa 85,53%. Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II sebesar 16,08%, Peningkatan aktifitas siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II sebesar 20,38% dan aktifitas guru juga mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II sebesar 18,96%

    Peat Stabilization by Using Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) as a Partial Cement Replacement Materials

    Get PDF
    Malaysia are covered approximately 2.6 million hectare of peat and facing serious geotechnical problems to develop infrastructure on peatland area. This study is to observe the basic geotechnical properties, strength and compressibility behavior of Pontian peat that stabilized by cement (OPC) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA). The whole laboratory test standards and regulation that had been used in this study was adopted from American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and British standards (BS). In order to understand an improvement of peat stabilization, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and 1D-Oedometer consolidation test were conducted on untreated and stabilized peat. The results show that Pontian peat can be considered as hemic peat with average acidic. It was observed that the treated peat with 5% of SCBA (PCB5) has the highest UCS of 190 kPa and was discovered to be equivalent to PC specimen. There was a noteworthy decrease of void ratio, e for optimum PCB and PC mixtures as compared to untreated peat. The value of Cc and Cα was quite low at small effective stresses, however it improved after beyond preconsolidation pressure, ĂÆ’Ăąâ‚Źâ„ąc. Compared to untreated Pontian peat which contributed the ratio of Cα/Cc about 0.056, stabilized peat for PC and PCB5 gave better ratio with 0.0316 and 0.0273 respectively. Results shows that the treated peat Cα/Cc ratios were drop dramatically from untreated peat which is representing the stabilized mixture can efficiently reduce the secondary compression

    Functional analysis of replication-competent primate lentivirus genomes driven by CAEV promoters : A new model to study latency and persistence

    No full text
    Le syndrome d'immunodĂ©ficience acquise (SIDA) est une maladie provoquĂ©e chez l'homme par le virus de l'immunodĂ©ficience humaine (VIH), un lentivirus Ă  ARN monocatĂ©naire qui infecte les cellules humaines qui expriment les CD4 Ă  leur surface. Depuis son apparition en 1982 chez l’homme, il y a eu environ 80 millions d'individus infectĂ©s dans le monde et prĂšs de la moitiĂ© d'entre eux sont dĂ©jĂ  dĂ©cĂ©dĂ©s. Aucun vaccin n'existe actuellement mais l'espĂ©rance de vie d’un grand nombre de patients est maintenant prolongĂ©e grĂące au dĂ©veloppement et la disponibilitĂ© d'un traitement antirĂ©troviral hautement actif (HAART en anglais). En raison de la complexitĂ© des interactions hĂŽte/pathogĂšne liĂ©es Ă  l'infection par le VIH-1 chez l'homme et les modĂšles primates non-humains actuels, le dĂ©veloppement d’un modĂšle plus simple est nĂ©cessaire pour Ă©tudier et mieux comprendre les mĂ©canismes sous-jacents de l'augmentation de la pathogenĂšse du VIH-1 chez l’humain. Dans ce but, un virus chimĂ©rique CAL-HIV-R1 a Ă©tĂ© construit dans notre laboratoire en Ă©changeant les longues sĂ©quences rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©es terminales (LTR) du VIH par celles du CAEV, un lentivirus caprin. Parce que ces LTR de CAEV ont un promoteur constitutif qui est indĂ©pendant du trans-activateur de la transcription, ce virus chimĂ©rique ne devrait pas subir de latence dans les cellules T CD4+ mĂ©moire. Pour rendre son efficacitĂ© rĂ©plicative plus performante, cette chimĂšre a subi plusieurs passages successifs sur des cellules humaines en culture. En plus de la prĂ©sence de son rĂ©cepteur primaire, la protĂ©ine CD4, le VIH doit interagir avec une seconde molĂ©cule co-rĂ©ceptrice pour entrer dans la cellule hĂŽte. Des clones molĂ©culaires infectieux contenant des gĂ©nomes proviraux complets de plusieurs isolats de VIH-1 ont Ă©tĂ© reçus de la banque de produits "NIH AIDS Reagent Program Repository". Trois d'entre eux, Ă  savoir pNL4-3, p89.6 et WARO, ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s pour produire des stocks de virus aprĂšs transfection des cellules de la lignĂ©e humaine HEK-293T et utilisĂ©s pour infecter d’autres lignĂ©es cellulaires telles que : 1) des cellules GHOST, utilisĂ©es pour examiner le tropisme des virus en fonction de leur utilisation des co-rĂ©cepteurs et qui sont respectivement X4, X4/R5 et R5; 2) la lignĂ©e cellulaire M8166, utilisĂ©e comme cellules indicatrices du fait de ses propriĂ©tĂ©s fusogĂ©niques, et qui sert Ă  examiner les capacitĂ©s de rĂ©plication et enfin, 3) la lignĂ©e cellulaire TZM-bl utilisĂ©e pour Ă©valuer le titre infectieux des virus. Par ailleurs, un vaccin basĂ© sur un vecteur ADN lentiviral chimĂ©rique, le CAL-SHIV-IN-, a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ© au laboratoire et testĂ© chez des macaques. Dans le cadre de cette Ă©tude, un test de sĂ©ro-neutralisation a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© sur des Ă©chantillons de sĂ©rum des macaques vaccinĂ©s avec ce vecteur, et des animaux tĂ©moins, pour examiner la prĂ©sence d'anticorps pouvant neutraliser le virus. Bien que des anticorps furent prĂ©sents aucune capacitĂ© neutralisante n'a pu ĂȘtre dĂ©tectĂ©e.Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease caused by immunodeficiency viruses in human (HIV-1) and some animal species. The virus is a small enveloped particle that has a single-strand RNA genome and belongs to the lentivirus genus that belongs to the Retroviridae family. In human the virus infects and replicates mainly in cells that express the CD4 on their surface. Since its apparition in human in 1982 the virus has infected around 80 million individuals worldwide and caused the death of nearly half of them. No vaccine exists but life expectancy of near half of HIV-1-infected individuals has been now prolonged due to extensive highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Because of the complexity of the host/pathogen interactions that are associated with HIV-1 infection in human and non-human primate models, a simple model system is strongly needed to ease the studies aiming at better understanding the underlying mechanisms of increased pathogenesis of HIV-1 in human. A chimeric virus CAL-HIV-R1 was created in our laboratory by exchanging the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of HIV with those of CAEV, a caprine lentivirus. Because these CAEV LTRs have a constitutive promoter, which is independent of the trans-activator of transcription, we expect that this chimeric virus should not undergo latency in memory CD4+ T cells. To increase the potency of this chimera, serial passages on cultured human cells were performed. Besides its primary receptor, CD4, HIV needs to interact with another molecule as a co-receptor. Several infectious molecular clones of HIV-1 isolates pDNAs containing the complete proviral genomes were received from the NIH AIDS Reagent Program Repository. Three of these, namely pNL4-3, p89.6 and WARO, were used to produce virus stocks following transfection in the human HEK-293T cell line and used to infect a variety of cell lines such as: 1) GHOST cells that were used to examine the tropism for the co-receptor that were X4, X4/R5 and R5 respectively; 2) M8166 a fusogenic indicator cell line to evaluate the replication competency, 3) TZM-bl to determine the infectivity titers of the viruses by scoring the blue cells enabled by infections. A vaccine based on a chimeric DNA vector, CAL-SHIV-IN-, has been developed in our laboratory and tested in macaques. A sero-neutralization assay was performed on sera of macaques, which had been vaccinated with this vector and challenged in parallel with control animals with a pathogenic virus. This assay was used to verify the presence of neutralizing antibodies, but, unfortunately none could be detected

    Analyse fonctionnelle de génomes lentiviraux de primates réplicatifs sous le contrÎle des promoteurs du lentivirus caprin CAEV : ModÚle d'étude pour la latence et persistance des lentivirus

    No full text
    Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease caused by immunodeficiency viruses in human (HIV-1) and some animal species. The virus is a small enveloped particle that has a single-strand RNA genome and belongs to the lentivirus genus that belongs to the Retroviridae family. In human the virus infects and replicates mainly in cells that express the CD4 on their surface. Since its apparition in human in 1982 the virus has infected around 80 million individuals worldwide and caused the death of nearly half of them. No vaccine exists but life expectancy of near half of HIV-1-infected individuals has been now prolonged due to extensive highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Because of the complexity of the host/pathogen interactions that are associated with HIV-1 infection in human and non-human primate models, a simple model system is strongly needed to ease the studies aiming at better understanding the underlying mechanisms of increased pathogenesis of HIV-1 in human. A chimeric virus CAL-HIV-R1 was created in our laboratory by exchanging the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of HIV with those of CAEV, a caprine lentivirus. Because these CAEV LTRs have a constitutive promoter, which is independent of the trans-activator of transcription, we expect that this chimeric virus should not undergo latency in memory CD4+ T cells. To increase the potency of this chimera, serial passages on cultured human cells were performed. Besides its primary receptor, CD4, HIV needs to interact with another molecule as a co-receptor. Several infectious molecular clones of HIV-1 isolates pDNAs containing the complete proviral genomes were received from the NIH AIDS Reagent Program Repository. Three of these, namely pNL4-3, p89.6 and WARO, were used to produce virus stocks following transfection in the human HEK-293T cell line and used to infect a variety of cell lines such as: 1) GHOST cells that were used to examine the tropism for the co-receptor that were X4, X4/R5 and R5 respectively; 2) M8166 a fusogenic indicator cell line to evaluate the replication competency, 3) TZM-bl to determine the infectivity titers of the viruses by scoring the blue cells enabled by infections. A vaccine based on a chimeric DNA vector, CAL-SHIV-IN-, has been developed in our laboratory and tested in macaques. A sero-neutralization assay was performed on sera of macaques, which had been vaccinated with this vector and challenged in parallel with control animals with a pathogenic virus. This assay was used to verify the presence of neutralizing antibodies, but, unfortunately none could be detected.Le syndrome d'immunodĂ©ficience acquise (SIDA) est une maladie provoquĂ©e chez l'homme par le virus de l'immunodĂ©ficience humaine (VIH), un lentivirus Ă  ARN monocatĂ©naire qui infecte les cellules humaines qui expriment les CD4 Ă  leur surface. Depuis son apparition en 1982 chez l’homme, il y a eu environ 80 millions d'individus infectĂ©s dans le monde et prĂšs de la moitiĂ© d'entre eux sont dĂ©jĂ  dĂ©cĂ©dĂ©s. Aucun vaccin n'existe actuellement mais l'espĂ©rance de vie d’un grand nombre de patients est maintenant prolongĂ©e grĂące au dĂ©veloppement et la disponibilitĂ© d'un traitement antirĂ©troviral hautement actif (HAART en anglais). En raison de la complexitĂ© des interactions hĂŽte/pathogĂšne liĂ©es Ă  l'infection par le VIH-1 chez l'homme et les modĂšles primates non-humains actuels, le dĂ©veloppement d’un modĂšle plus simple est nĂ©cessaire pour Ă©tudier et mieux comprendre les mĂ©canismes sous-jacents de l'augmentation de la pathogenĂšse du VIH-1 chez l’humain. Dans ce but, un virus chimĂ©rique CAL-HIV-R1 a Ă©tĂ© construit dans notre laboratoire en Ă©changeant les longues sĂ©quences rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©es terminales (LTR) du VIH par celles du CAEV, un lentivirus caprin. Parce que ces LTR de CAEV ont un promoteur constitutif qui est indĂ©pendant du trans-activateur de la transcription, ce virus chimĂ©rique ne devrait pas subir de latence dans les cellules T CD4+ mĂ©moire. Pour rendre son efficacitĂ© rĂ©plicative plus performante, cette chimĂšre a subi plusieurs passages successifs sur des cellules humaines en culture. En plus de la prĂ©sence de son rĂ©cepteur primaire, la protĂ©ine CD4, le VIH doit interagir avec une seconde molĂ©cule co-rĂ©ceptrice pour entrer dans la cellule hĂŽte. Des clones molĂ©culaires infectieux contenant des gĂ©nomes proviraux complets de plusieurs isolats de VIH-1 ont Ă©tĂ© reçus de la banque de produits "NIH AIDS Reagent Program Repository". Trois d'entre eux, Ă  savoir pNL4-3, p89.6 et WARO, ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s pour produire des stocks de virus aprĂšs transfection des cellules de la lignĂ©e humaine HEK-293T et utilisĂ©s pour infecter d’autres lignĂ©es cellulaires telles que : 1) des cellules GHOST, utilisĂ©es pour examiner le tropisme des virus en fonction de leur utilisation des co-rĂ©cepteurs et qui sont respectivement X4, X4/R5 et R5; 2) la lignĂ©e cellulaire M8166, utilisĂ©e comme cellules indicatrices du fait de ses propriĂ©tĂ©s fusogĂ©niques, et qui sert Ă  examiner les capacitĂ©s de rĂ©plication et enfin, 3) la lignĂ©e cellulaire TZM-bl utilisĂ©e pour Ă©valuer le titre infectieux des virus. Par ailleurs, un vaccin basĂ© sur un vecteur ADN lentiviral chimĂ©rique, le CAL-SHIV-IN-, a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ© au laboratoire et testĂ© chez des macaques. Dans le cadre de cette Ă©tude, un test de sĂ©ro-neutralisation a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© sur des Ă©chantillons de sĂ©rum des macaques vaccinĂ©s avec ce vecteur, et des animaux tĂ©moins, pour examiner la prĂ©sence d'anticorps pouvant neutraliser le virus. Bien que des anticorps furent prĂ©sents aucune capacitĂ© neutralisante n'a pu ĂȘtre dĂ©tectĂ©e

    Goda sprÄkstrategier i samhÀllskunskap pÄ högstadiet och gymnasiet

    No full text
    Att kombinera svenskĂ€mnet med samhĂ€llskunskap kan bli en framgĂ„ngsrik undervisningsmetod, visar den samlade sprĂ„kstrategiska forskningen. Ämnesövergripande undervisning har flera fördelar för lĂ€raren. Elevens förmĂ„ga, behov av stöttning och kunskapsmĂ„l, kan bedömas utifrĂ„n fler perspektiv. I undersökningen redovisar vi verkningsfulla sprĂ„kstrategier för Ă€mnet samhĂ€llskunskap frĂ„n bĂ„de inhemsk och internationell skolforskning. AnvĂ€ndningen av sprĂ„kstrategier har setts som en allt mer vĂ€sentlig del av undervisningen inom skolan dĂ„ samtliga Ă€mnen ska ses som sprĂ„kĂ€mnen. SprĂ„kstrategier har en sĂ€rskild roll i det texttunga och komplexa Ă€mnet samhĂ€llskunskap. SprĂ„kstrategier inom samhĂ€llskunskap Ă€r ett tĂ€mligen outforskat omrĂ„de som Ă€r vĂ€rt att undersöka nĂ€rmare. Den hittillsvarande forskningen inom samhĂ€llskunskapen har lagt fokus pĂ„ skolans fostrande inslag med tyngdpunkt pĂ„ elevens kommande utmaning som en framtida demokratisk medborgare. Den demokratiska medborgaren har bĂ„de rĂ€ttigheter och skyldigheter, dĂ€r kravet pĂ„ tillrĂ€ckliga sprĂ„kkunskaper anses sĂ€rskilt vĂ€rdefulla. SprĂ„kkunskaperna inom den demokratiska diskursen Ă„terfinns i elevens förmĂ„ga till, media och informationskompetens MIK. MIK begreppet diskuteras frĂ€mst utifrĂ„n sitt grundlĂ€ggande krav mot lĂ€s och skriftlig förmĂ„ga. Modellen för vĂ„r undersökning bestĂ„r av semistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma samhĂ€llslĂ€rare. Intervjuerna anvĂ€nder fenomenografisk ansats i samtalen för att finna verkningsfulla undervisningsmetoder. Samtalen har kompletterats med internationella och inhemska undersökningar och fĂ€ltstudier som beskriver verkningsfulla metoder till sprĂ„kstrategier inom samhĂ€llskunskap. VĂ„r undersökning anvĂ€nder den sociokulturella teorin för beskrivning av de olika möjligheter till kunskapsöverföring frĂ„n lĂ€rare till elev. Den sociokulturella teorin har kompletterats med begreppet empowerment och transsprĂ„k inom den elevcentrerade undervisningen. Empowerment och transsprĂ„k har till syfte att stĂ€rka elevens sjĂ€lvbild och att se samtliga sprĂ„k som resurser för individen. Det Ă€r nĂ€r elevens sjĂ€lvbild stĂ€rks som individen blir mottaglig för verkningsfulla metoder av sprĂ„kstrategier inom samhĂ€llskunskap

    Goda sprÄkstrategier i samhÀllskunskap pÄ högstadiet och gymnasiet

    No full text
    Att kombinera svenskĂ€mnet med samhĂ€llskunskap kan bli en framgĂ„ngsrik undervisningsmetod, visar den samlade sprĂ„kstrategiska forskningen. Ämnesövergripande undervisning har flera fördelar för lĂ€raren. Elevens förmĂ„ga, behov av stöttning och kunskapsmĂ„l, kan bedömas utifrĂ„n fler perspektiv. I undersökningen redovisar vi verkningsfulla sprĂ„kstrategier för Ă€mnet samhĂ€llskunskap frĂ„n bĂ„de inhemsk och internationell skolforskning. AnvĂ€ndningen av sprĂ„kstrategier har setts som en allt mer vĂ€sentlig del av undervisningen inom skolan dĂ„ samtliga Ă€mnen ska ses som sprĂ„kĂ€mnen. SprĂ„kstrategier har en sĂ€rskild roll i det texttunga och komplexa Ă€mnet samhĂ€llskunskap. SprĂ„kstrategier inom samhĂ€llskunskap Ă€r ett tĂ€mligen outforskat omrĂ„de som Ă€r vĂ€rt att undersöka nĂ€rmare. Den hittillsvarande forskningen inom samhĂ€llskunskapen har lagt fokus pĂ„ skolans fostrande inslag med tyngdpunkt pĂ„ elevens kommande utmaning som en framtida demokratisk medborgare. Den demokratiska medborgaren har bĂ„de rĂ€ttigheter och skyldigheter, dĂ€r kravet pĂ„ tillrĂ€ckliga sprĂ„kkunskaper anses sĂ€rskilt vĂ€rdefulla. SprĂ„kkunskaperna inom den demokratiska diskursen Ă„terfinns i elevens förmĂ„ga till, media och informationskompetens MIK. MIK begreppet diskuteras frĂ€mst utifrĂ„n sitt grundlĂ€ggande krav mot lĂ€s och skriftlig förmĂ„ga. Modellen för vĂ„r undersökning bestĂ„r av semistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma samhĂ€llslĂ€rare. Intervjuerna anvĂ€nder fenomenografisk ansats i samtalen för att finna verkningsfulla undervisningsmetoder. Samtalen har kompletterats med internationella och inhemska undersökningar och fĂ€ltstudier som beskriver verkningsfulla metoder till sprĂ„kstrategier inom samhĂ€llskunskap. VĂ„r undersökning anvĂ€nder den sociokulturella teorin för beskrivning av de olika möjligheter till kunskapsöverföring frĂ„n lĂ€rare till elev. Den sociokulturella teorin har kompletterats med begreppet empowerment och transsprĂ„k inom den elevcentrerade undervisningen. Empowerment och transsprĂ„k har till syfte att stĂ€rka elevens sjĂ€lvbild och att se samtliga sprĂ„k som resurser för individen. Det Ă€r nĂ€r elevens sjĂ€lvbild stĂ€rks som individen blir mottaglig för verkningsfulla metoder av sprĂ„kstrategier inom samhĂ€llskunskap

    Goda sprÄkstrategier i samhÀllskunskap pÄ högstadiet och gymnasiet

    No full text
    Att kombinera svenskĂ€mnet med samhĂ€llskunskap kan bli en framgĂ„ngsrik undervisningsmetod, visar den samlade sprĂ„kstrategiska forskningen. Ämnesövergripande undervisning har flera fördelar för lĂ€raren. Elevens förmĂ„ga, behov av stöttning och kunskapsmĂ„l, kan bedömas utifrĂ„n fler perspektiv. I undersökningen redovisar vi verkningsfulla sprĂ„kstrategier för Ă€mnet samhĂ€llskunskap frĂ„n bĂ„de inhemsk och internationell skolforskning. AnvĂ€ndningen av sprĂ„kstrategier har setts som en allt mer vĂ€sentlig del av undervisningen inom skolan dĂ„ samtliga Ă€mnen ska ses som sprĂ„kĂ€mnen. SprĂ„kstrategier har en sĂ€rskild roll i det texttunga och komplexa Ă€mnet samhĂ€llskunskap. SprĂ„kstrategier inom samhĂ€llskunskap Ă€r ett tĂ€mligen outforskat omrĂ„de som Ă€r vĂ€rt att undersöka nĂ€rmare. Den hittillsvarande forskningen inom samhĂ€llskunskapen har lagt fokus pĂ„ skolans fostrande inslag med tyngdpunkt pĂ„ elevens kommande utmaning som en framtida demokratisk medborgare. Den demokratiska medborgaren har bĂ„de rĂ€ttigheter och skyldigheter, dĂ€r kravet pĂ„ tillrĂ€ckliga sprĂ„kkunskaper anses sĂ€rskilt vĂ€rdefulla. SprĂ„kkunskaperna inom den demokratiska diskursen Ă„terfinns i elevens förmĂ„ga till, media och informationskompetens MIK. MIK begreppet diskuteras frĂ€mst utifrĂ„n sitt grundlĂ€ggande krav mot lĂ€s och skriftlig förmĂ„ga. Modellen för vĂ„r undersökning bestĂ„r av semistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma samhĂ€llslĂ€rare. Intervjuerna anvĂ€nder fenomenografisk ansats i samtalen för att finna verkningsfulla undervisningsmetoder. Samtalen har kompletterats med internationella och inhemska undersökningar och fĂ€ltstudier som beskriver verkningsfulla metoder till sprĂ„kstrategier inom samhĂ€llskunskap. VĂ„r undersökning anvĂ€nder den sociokulturella teorin för beskrivning av de olika möjligheter till kunskapsöverföring frĂ„n lĂ€rare till elev. Den sociokulturella teorin har kompletterats med begreppet empowerment och transsprĂ„k inom den elevcentrerade undervisningen. Empowerment och transsprĂ„k har till syfte att stĂ€rka elevens sjĂ€lvbild och att se samtliga sprĂ„k som resurser för individen. Det Ă€r nĂ€r elevens sjĂ€lvbild stĂ€rks som individen blir mottaglig för verkningsfulla metoder av sprĂ„kstrategier inom samhĂ€llskunskap

    Analysis Learning of Balaghah Science at Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah 08 Takerharjo Solokuro Lamongan: Analisis Pembelajaran Ilmu Balaghah di Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah 08 Takerharjo Solokuro Lamongan

    No full text
    Balaghoh science is the study of the implied meaning of an Arabic expression. The type of research used in this research is qualitative research with data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation. The subjects in this study were Balaghah subject teachers and 10th grade students at Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah 08 Takerharjo. The purpose of this research is to find out the implementation of Balaghah learning, supporting and inhibiting factors, as well as solutions to the implementation of Balaghah learning at Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah 08 Takerharjo. From the results of this study it can be concluded that the implementation of Balaghah learning is carried out by explaining the material to students and opening a question and answer session. The inhibiting factor for the implementation of learning Balaghah is that students are less interested in learning the sciences of the sciences

    Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Three Different Recruitment Maneuvers during Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgeries of Morbid Obese Patients on Cardiopulmonary Indices

    No full text
    Background: Laparoscopic bariatric surgeries in morbid obese patients may be associated with atelectasis, hypercapnia, and hypoxemia, intra and postoperatively. Several strategies are used for the prevention of these consequences. This study aimed to examine the effects of three different recruitment maneuvers comparatively during surgery and the influence of the maneuvers on some cardiopulmonary indices. Materials and Methods: In a clinical trial, ninety participants of laparoscopic surgery with body mass index higher than 40 were randomly divided into three equal groups. The first group was subject to 10 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during surgery, the second group, after venting the pneumoperitoneum, had 5 deep breaths with a positive pressure of 40 cmH2O, and the third group was subject to both. Some pulmonary and hemodynamic parameters were measured every 15 min and compared between three groups. Results: The average of peak airway pressure, plateau airway pressure, and SpO2static and dynamic compliance between the three groups had no meaningful differences (P > 0.05), but PaCO2in the second group was statistically higher than the other two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Multiple deep breaths alone are not as effective as PEEP or PEEP plus MDB in preventing adverse pulmonary effects in laparoscopic bariatric surgeries of morbid obese patients
    corecore