Regulation of bicarbonate secretion in marine fish intestine by the calcium-sensing receptor

In marine fish, high epithelial intestinal HCO3- secretion generates luminal carbonate precipitates of divalent cations that play a key role in water and ion homeostasis. The present study was designed to expose the putative role for calcium and the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in the regulation of HCO3- secretion in the intestine of the sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). Effects on the expression of the CaSR in the intestine were evaluated by qPCR and an increase was observed in the anterior intestine in fed fish compared with unfed fish and with different regions of intestine. CaSR expression reflected intestinal fluid calcium concentration. In addition, anterior intestine tissue was mounted in Ussing chambers to test the putative regulation of HCO3- secretion in vitro using the anterior intestine. HCO3- secretion was sensitive to varying calcium levels in luminal saline and to calcimimetic compounds known to activate/block the CaSR i.e., R 568 and NPS-2143. Subsequent experiments were performed in intestinal sacs to measure water absorption and the sensitivity of water absorption to varying luminal levels of calcium and calcimimetics were exposed as well. It appears, that CaSR mediates HCO3- secretion and water absorption in marine fish as shown by responsiveness to calcium levels and calcimimetic compounds.European Social Funds through the Portuguese National Science Foundation (FCT) [SFRH/BD/113363/2015, PTDC/MAR-BIO/3034/2014]; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [UID/Multi/04326/2013]; Ministry of Science and Higher Educatio

L'estrès juvenil pot afavorir l'aparició de psicopatologies a l'edat adulta

Un estudi amb rates mostra que l'exposició a un estrès juvenil afecta la reactivitat a noves situacions d'estrès a l'etapa adulta i pot afavorir l'aparició de certes psicopatologies. Els animals mantinguts en ambients poc estressants en l'edat adulta mostren menys interès per situacions noves, mentre que si se'ls administra un estrès intens hi ha un increment en l'ansietat de l'animal. Cal dir que l'estrès juvenil i l'adult per separat no provoquen efectes a les proves d'ansietat, però l'estrès juvenil potencia d'alguna manera els efectes latents de l'estrès adult.A study with rats shows that exposure to juvenile stress affects the reactivity to novel stressful situations in adulthood and may increase the risk to develop certain psychopathologies. Animals maintained in low- stress environments in adulthood show less interest for new situations, whereas if they are exposed to an intense stress there is an increase in animal's anxiety. It is noteworthy to say that juvenile and adult stress separately do not cause effects in tests of anxiety, but juvenile stress potentiates in some way the latent effects of adult stress.Un estudio con ratas muestra que la exposición a un estrés juvenil afecta a la reactividad a nuevas situaciones de estrés en la etapa adulta y puede favorecer la aparición de ciertas psicopatologías. Los animales mantenidos en ambientes poco estresantes en la edad adulta muestran menos interés por situaciones nuevas, mientras que si se les administra un estrés intenso hay un incremento en la ansiedad del animal. Hay que decir que el estrés juvenil y el adulto por separado no provocan efectos en las pruebas de ansiedad, pero el estrés juvenil potencia de alguna manera los efectos latentes del estrés adulto

Increased intestinal carbonate precipitate abundance in the sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) in response to ocean acidification

Marine fish contribute to the carbon cycle by producing mineralized intestinal precipitates generated as by-products of their osmoregulation. Here we aimed at characterizing the control of epithelial bicarbonate secretion and intestinal precipitate presence in the gilthead sea bream in response to predicted near future increases of environmental CO2. Our results demonstrate that hypercapnia (950 and 1800 μatm CO2) elicits higher intestine epithelial HCO3- secretion ex vivo and a subsequent parallel increase of intestinal precipitate presence in vivo when compared to present values (440 μatm CO2). Intestinal gene expression analysis in response to environmental hypercapnia revealed the up-regulation of transporters involved in the intestinal bicarbonate secretion cascade such as the basolateral sodium bicarbonate co-transporter slc4a4, and the apical anion transporters slc26a3 and slc26a6 of sea bream. In addition, other genes involved in intestinal ion uptake linked to water absorption such as the apical nkcc2 and aquaporin 1b expression, indicating that hypercapnia influences different levels of intestinal physiology. Taken together the current results are consistent with an intestinal physiological response leading to higher bicarbonate secretion in the intestine of the sea bream paralleled by increased luminal carbonate precipitate abundance and the main related transporters in response to ocean acidification.Agência financiadora Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) SFRH/BD/113363/2015 PTDC/MAR-BIO/3034/2014 Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) UID/Multi/04326/2019 Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Polandinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Synthesis of polyols of different lignocellulosic residues to obtain greener products.

216 p.Diferentes residuos lignocelulósicos, fueron convertidos en polioles usando alcoholes poli hídricos como disolventes. Mediante un diseño experimental se determinaron las condiciones óptimas de los polioles. Los distintos polioles fueron caracterizados y usados para sustituir parcialmente el fenol en las formulaciones de resinas fenólicas. Por último, las resinas fueran caracterizadas y evaluadas como adhesivo para tableros de madera.Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que los polioles pueden sustituir parte del fenol en las formulaciones de resinas resoles. Los adhesivos fenólicos presentaron buenas propiedades mecánicas

Synthesis of polyols of different lignocellulosic residues to obtain greener products.

216 p.Diferentes residuos lignocelulósicos, fueron convertidos en polioles usando alcoholes poli hídricos como disolventes. Mediante un diseño experimental se determinaron las condiciones óptimas de los polioles. Los distintos polioles fueron caracterizados y usados para sustituir parcialmente el fenol en las formulaciones de resinas fenólicas. Por último, las resinas fueran caracterizadas y evaluadas como adhesivo para tableros de madera.Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que los polioles pueden sustituir parte del fenol en las formulaciones de resinas resoles. Los adhesivos fenólicos presentaron buenas propiedades mecánicas

GESTIÓN SOSTENIBLE DE LOS HERITAGE SITES CULTURALES: PROPUESTA DE UN MODELO

The requirement of a sustainable management of the historical heritage sites demands the design of management control models that contemplate the particularities of those sites, beyond the architectural ones. The goal of this paper is the design of a holistic, contingent and integrator model to be used by the public and/or private managers for the sustainable management. To achieve this, a thorough bibliographic review of the specialized literature has been carried out. This model does not pretend to be universal but rather a point of reference for its adaptation to the particularities of each site.La gestión sostenible de los bienes de patrimonio histórico demanda sistemas de control de gestión que contemplen sus particularidades. El objetivo de este trabajo es el diseño de un modelo de control holístico, contingente e integrador a emplear por los responsables públicos y/o privados de su gestión. Se ha realizado una profunda revisión bibliográfica de la literatura. El modelo propuesto no pretende ser universal, sino un punto de referencia para su adaptación a las particularidades propias de cada bien. Incluye indicadores que permitirán medir y valorar el logro de los objetivos

Sustainability dimensions and World Heritage Site management: the case of the Royal Alcazar of Seville, Spain

The management of a World Heritage Site must have an intergenerational and sustainable perspective that leads to the development and implementation of policies for its sustainability. The purpose of this research is to expand knowledge on whether and how World Heritage Sites include sustainability dimensions in their management processes. Sustainability is envisioned as a multifaceted concept made up of financial, heritage, sociocultural, and environmental perspectives. A case study has been carried out at the Royal Alcazar of Seville, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987. The findings highlight how sustainability dimensions intertwine with its management system. They also indicate that the financial and heritage dimensions are those that remain the most developed and that socioculturaland environmental dimensions are gaining prominence in management processes. Managers of other heritage sites can benefit from this research by acknowledging the rolethat all dimensions of sustainability play in the management processes of their organisation

An aproach to the key success factors for heritage sites management

El turismo cultural está basado en la gestión y explotación, entre otros, de los bienes catalogados como patrimonio cultural. La necesidad de obtener resultados positivos ha generado una preocupación creciente por identificar los factores clave de éxito. El principal objetivo de este trabajo ha sido la identificación de los mismos, para lo que se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica. Entendemos que la gestión de estos bienes se debe abordar de la lógica de la mejora continua y una perspectiva empresarial, interdisciplinar y estratégica, teniendo en cuenta tanto los diferentes stakeholders –con especial atención al turista- como los condicionantes derivados de las restricciones presupuestarias, la innovación y la afluencia de público. Como principales resultados, hemos identificado los siguientes factores: (1) gestión integral de la calidad, (2) control económico-financiero, (3) segmentación de los visitantes, (4) naturaleza pública de los órganos gestores, (5) competencia, (6) situación económica global.Cultural tourism is based on the management and operation of goods as cultural heritage. The need for positive outcomes has generated a growing emphasis on identifying key success factors. The main objective of this study was to identify these factors through a literature review. We understand that the management of cultural heritage assets should address the need for continuous improvement and an interdisciplinary and strategic business perspective, taking into account different stakeholders –with special attention given to tourists – as well as conditions resulting from budgetary constraints, innovation and volume of public visits. As important factors, we have identified the following: (1) integrated quality management, (2) financial-economic control, (3) visitor segmentation, (4) the public nature of management bodies, (5) competition, and (6) the global economic situation

The sound of ecofeminism

Feminism also actively participates in popular culture and, therefore, in musical expressions. In this respect, women singers who express feminist messages through their lyrics transcend and reformulate the ordinary by pushing the ways in which identities are identified with difference (Rivera-Velázques, 2008). In other words, many female songwriters or rappers value and empower vulnerable groups such as poor women, women of colour, urban women and women with non-normative sexuality. Among all the movements within feminism, this academic work will highlight the link between ecophenomenism and musical productions created by women. The following is a brief contextualisation of the term ecofeminism and its fundamental pillars. Many of the lyrics that highlight ecofeminism criticise capitalism, machismo and racism, highlighting the value of women's ancestral knowledge. Furthermore, the link between the exploitation of the land and the oppression of women is shown. As Ortiz Fernández (2014) puts it, "women's bodies and invaded territories have something in common, both are violated and stripped of all their energy" (p. 14). In other words, there is an analogy between the female body and usurped, devastated and ecologically abused territories. In this line, many of the songs denounce the abuse, harassment and murders that women suffer on a daily basis in some Latin American countries (this point will be developed further in the exhibition). Specifically, a relationship will be established between ecofeminism and some of the musical productions of the artists Rebeca Lane (Guatemalan rapper), Miss Bolivia (Argentinian composer), Paloma del Cerro (Argentinian composer) and Perotá Chingó (Argentinian independent band)

Regulation of stanniocalcin secretion by calcium and PTHrP in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

Calcium balance is of paramount importance for vertebrates. In fish, the endocrine modulators of calcium homeostasis include the stanniocalcin (STC), and some members of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) family, such as the PTH-related protein (PTHrP), acting as antagonists. STC is ubiquitously expressed in higher vertebrates. In turn, bony fish exhibit specific STC-producing glands named the corpuscles of Stannius (CS). Previous studies pointed to a calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) involvement in the secretion of STC, but little is known of the involvement of other putative regulators. The CS provides a unique model to deepen the study of STC secretion. We developed an ex vivo assay to culture CS of fish and a competitive ELISA method to measure STC concentrations. As expected, STC released from the CS responds to CaSR stimulation by calcium, calcimimetics, and calcilytic drugs. Moreover, we uncover the presence (by PCR) of two PTHrP receptors in the CS, e.g., PTH1R and PTH3R. Thus, ex vivo incubations revealed a dose-response inhibition of STC secretion in response to PTHrP at basal Ca2+ concentrations. This inhibition is achieved through specific and reversible second messenger pathways (transmembrane adenylyl cyclases and phospholipase C), as the use of specific inhibitors highlights. Together, these results provide evidence for endocrine modulation between two antagonist hormones, STC and PTHrP.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio