Docências em narrações cristalinas transversalizando como sujeitos do conhecimento: o homem, a natureza e a tecnologia

Objetiva destacar a docência em narrações cristalinas e fabulatórias que interligam como sujeitos do conhecimento o homem, a natureza e a tecnologia e, para tanto, aborda o movimento do pensamento na rede de conversação produzidas em processos de formação continuada com professoras do Ensino Fundamental de um sistema público municipal. Apresenta um campo problemático que se dedica a compreender que movimentos do pensamento são produzidos a partir das narrativas estabelecidas em rede de conversação. Utiliza, para a produção de dados, a observação participante e os registros em diário de campo das narrativas cristalinas e fabulatórias que emergiram na rede de conversação com as personagens-escolas (docentes), que se configuram como imagens-narrativas de pesquisa como imagem-cristal e imagem-fábula. No decorrer da pesquisa, a questão central assume duas dimensões interligadas: por um lado a relação entre imagem-cristal e imagem-fábula potencializando o movimento do pensamento dos docentes; por outro, a relação homem, natureza e tecnologia entendidos como sujeitos do conhecimento. As personagens-escolas, em suas narrativas, visualizam os possíveis na docência para contribuir com uma vida e/ou a constituição de mundos não “antropocenos”, onde os sujeitos do conhecimento são o homem, a natureza e a tecnologia

Insights on COVID-19 Vaccination in Portugal: A Qualitative Study among Health Professionals and Teachers

Background: Vaccination against COVID-19 has had a major impact over the course of the pandemic, leading to a reduced number of hospitalizations and deaths. However, the mass vaccination process has been accompanied by skepticism and hesitancy since its beginning. As health professionals and teachers are important public health actors who can strongly intervene to reduce vaccination hesitancy among their patients and students, respectively, this study aimed to assess their main perceptions towards COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: Two focus group sessions, one with health professionals and the other with teachers, were conducted according to the COREQ checklist. Qualitative data were analyzed through theoretical thematic analysis. Results: In general, none of the groups showed vaccine hesitancy, although both groups had concerns regarding the safety and efficacy of the vaccines. The main concerns of health professionals were mostly related to the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, while teachers were more worried about the lack of access to reliable information about the COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusions: It is plausible to conclude that it is imperative to provide clear and accurate information for the population in order to avoid vaccination hesitancy

Letramento, linguagem e escola

We propose a debate on the contributions of the Bakhtin Circle’s philosophy of language in order to approach the concept of literacies at basic education schools. The Circle’s theoretical project (which seeks to overcome the dualism between life and theory by understanding experiences as events) allows us to assume the spheres of human life as instantiations in which utterances – in which subjects assume a position, a responsible attitude towards life – are produced. The phenomenon of literacy must be understood as the assumption of an attitude before the world, going beyond new writing and reading technologies. This perspective carries implications in regards to the literacies approach. So, it is important to consider alterity relationships established between students and teachers in the pedagogical practices and how the subjects and their perspectives about what reading and writing contemporarily represent are altered.Neste artigo, propomos uma reflexão sobre as contribuições da filosofia da linguagem do Círculo de Bakhtin para a abordagem do conceito de letramentos na escola de educação básica. O projeto teórico do Círculo, que persegue a superação do dualismo entre vida e teoria, buscando compreender o vivido como evento, permite pensar as esferas da vida humana como instâncias nas quais se produzem enunciados em que os sujeitos assumem uma posição, uma atitude responsável em relação à vida. O fenômeno do letramento deve ser compreendido, para além da posse de novas tecnologias do ler e escrever, como a assunção pelos sujeitos de um posicionamento frente ao mundo. Essa perspectiva traz implicações para a abordagem dos letramentos, necessitando considerar, nas práticas pedagógicas, as relações de alteridade que se estabelecem entre alunos e professores e como, nessas relações, alteram-se os sujeitos e suas perspectivas sobre o que represente ler e escrever na contemporaneidade

Reserva cognitiva no idoso: aspectos neuropsicológicos e o papel da educação nas últimas descobertas

A população idosa está crescendo mundialmente e, portanto, declínio cognitivo e demência são um grande problema para o sistema de saúde. Contudo, muito idosos não desenvolvem demência ou algum prejuízo cognitivo significativo, mesmo que apresentem lesões cerebrais, como atrofia e/ou lesões corticais, levando ao conceito de Reserva Cogntiva (RC). O principal objetivo dessa revisão é estabelecer as descobertas recentes da RC na cognição dos idosos e explorar alguns dos marcadores cognitivos relacionados à RC. Com o intuito de conseguirmos nosso objetivo, nós realizamos uma pesquisa por artigos publicados tanto em língua inglesa quanto portuguesa, nos últimos 5 anos, na base de dados Medline usando como palavras chave: reserve cognitiva, idoso e envelhecimento. Nós filtramos 14 estudos que abordavam especificamente aspectos neuropsicológicos (p.e, memória, atenção, orientação, função executiva) e os revisamos em detalhes. Baseados nesses artigos em relação a idosos, educação parece ter várias implicações na RC por fortalecer habilidades cognitivas, contudo não parece impactar no declínio cognitivo. Além disso, notamos que performance cognitiva é uma das formas de se medir RC, embora os métodos não possam ser padronizados, o que pode ser a causa de conclusões diversas. Em relação à RC, educação foi a medida mais prevalente e RC parece ter um efeito benéfico em função executiva e memória episódica, de forma que parece agir através tanto da reserva neural quanto da compensação neural. Exposição a textos impressos parece ser uma variável em potencial relacionada com a performance cognitiva e RC.The elderly population is growing worldwide, and therefore cognitive decline and dementia is a major problem for healthcare system. However, many elders do not develop dementia or significant cognitive impairment even though present brain lesions, such as cortical atrophy and/or lesions, leading to the concept of Cognitive Reserve (CR). The main objective of this review is to establish the recent findings of CR in elderly cognition and explore some of the cognitive markers related to CR. In order to accomplish that we carried out a search for papers published either in English or Portuguese language in the last 5 years in the Medline database using as keywords cognitive reserve, elderly and aging/ageing. We filtered 14 studies that specifically approached the neuropsychological aspects (e.g, memory, attention, orientation, executive function) and reviewed them in detail. Based on these papers regarding old-aged individuals, education appears to have several implications on CR by strengthening cognitive abilities, however does not appear to impact on cognitive decline. Besides, we realized that cognitive performance is one of the form to measure CR, even though the methods cannot be standardized, which may be the cause of some varied conclusions. Regarding CR, education was the most prevalent measure, and CR seems to have a beneficial effect on executive function and episodic memory and it seems to act by both neural reserve and neural compensation. Print exposure appears as a potential variable positively related to cognitive performance and CR

Improving Pharmacists Awareness of Inadequate Antibiotic Use for URTIs through an Educational Intervention: A Pilot Study

The inadequate use of antibiotics led to the development of multi-resistant bacteria that are now causing millions of deaths worldwide. Since most antibiotics are prescribed/dispensed to treat respiratory tract infections, it is important to raise awareness among health professionals to optimize antibiotic use, especially within the primary care context. Thus, this pilot study aimed to evaluate pharmacists' feedback about the eHealthResp platform, composed by an online course and a mobile application (app) to help in the management of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Ten community pharmacists were invited to participate in this study, exploring the contents of the eHealthResp platforms and answering a content validation questionnaire composed by eight qualitative and thirty-five quantitative questions about the online course and mobile app. The eHealthResp platform is a comprehensive, consistent, and high-quality e-learning tool. Median scores of 5.00 were attributed to the course contents' and clinical cases' adequacy and correction. Most qualitative feedback was about completeness and objectivity of the course, and its usefulness for clinical practice. This study showed that eHealthResp has great potential as an e-health tool for the management of URTIs' symptoms, which may ultimately aid in reducing inappropriate antibiotic use

Validation of the eHealthResp online course for pharmacists and physicians: A Delphi method approach

Framework: The inappropriate use of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections is dispersed worldwide, thus being a strong contributor to antibiotic resistances. As the use of educational interventions among health practitioners is shown to have an impact on judicious antibiotic use, an online course (eHealthResp) has been developed, especially targeted to pharmacists and physicians. Thus, the main goal of this study is to validate the contents of the online course eHealthResp. Methods: This two-round Delphi study involved the recruitment of a multidisciplinary panel (n = 19), to which the questionnaires of the first round were sent. After the first round, a report summing up the results has been forwarded to the panel, along with a new, reformulated version of the questionnaire. Results: After the two rounds of the Delphi process, consensus was evaluated. Six clinical cases and fifty-one treatments obtained minor consensus [60–75%] or full consensus (≥75%). The question on antibiotic practice has obtained a consensus >90% on both rounds. Conclusions: The validation of the contents based on experts’ consensus has been an essential approach to improve eHealthResp’s online course, as valuable feedback has been provided by the panel on both roundsProject PTDC/SAU-SER/31678/2017 was supported by the operational program of competitiveness and internationalisation, in its FEDER/FNR component POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031678, the Foundation for Science and Technology, in its state budget component (OE), and the Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED) (UIDB/04501/2020 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007628)S

Effect of fluoride, chlorhexidine or Nd:YAG on the progression of root dentin demineralization after removal of the demineralized organic matrix

Quantification of collagen degradation is an important parameter to evaluate dentin caries for preventive aid. Objectives: Evaluate preventive methods against root collagen degradation by the hydroxyproline assay (HYP) and microradiography technique (MRT). Methodology: Five bovine root dentin blocks were obtained and subjected to an artificial demineralization process by acetate buffer (pH 5) to induce carious lesion formation. Samples were subjected to the following therapeutic treatments: 1) 0.12% chlorhexidine for 1 min, 2) 2% fluoride for 1 min, 3) Nd:YAG Laser (400 μm diameter optical fiber, 10 Hz frequency, 60 mJ/pulse energy, 48 J/cm2 energy density, in noncontact mode for 10 s), 4) deionized water (control) for 1 min, 5) MRT control group (without treatment and removal of collagen). Samples were exposed to degradation by a collagenase enzyme for five days. The enzyme solution was collected, by colorimetry in a spectrophotometer, from the collagen matrix for the hydroxyproline release analysis. The same samples were subjected to an additional two days of demineralization to induce the progression of mineral loss. Samples were analyzed by MRT for the visualization of their degraded areas (estimation of lesion depth and mineral loss). ANOVA was applied to compare hydroxyproline release rates. MRT data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Dunn’s test. Comparisons between the initial five-day and the subsequent two-day demineralization processes were performed by repeated t-test or Wilcoxon (p<0.05) measurements. Results: The amount of HYP released from the dentin samples failed to show significant differences among the groups (p=0.09). Fluoride and chlorhexidine were able to interact with the samples, reducing the progression of dentin caries after removal of the demineralized organic matrix. CHX was the only treatment able to show significant lower lesion depth than the negative control. Conclusion: Chlorhexidine and fluoride were effective in reducing root caries progression

Gêneros orais nos livros didáticos: mapeando a diversidade textual/discursiva presente nas escolas públicas brasileiras

In this paper, we aim to investigate the diversity of oral genres available in literacy textbooks, assessed by the National Textbook Program (PNLD) in its 2007, 2010, 2013 and 2016 editions, and to understand which language skills the prioritized genres can develop. The data were analyzed in the light of the qualitative perspective (BARDIN, 2016). The theoretical support was based on Schneuwly and Dolz (2004), among others. The results pointed to an increase in the incidence of oral genres throughout the four PNLD editions, with a diversity that allows the development of varied language skills.Neste trabalho, temos o objetivo de investigar a diversidade de gêneros orais disponível nos livros didáticos de alfabetização, avaliados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) em suas edições 2007, 2010, 2013 e 2016, e compreender quais capacidades de linguagem os gêneros priorizados podem desenvolver. Os dados foram analisados à luz da perspectiva qualitativa (BARDIN, 2016). O aporte teórico fundou-se em Schneuwly e Dolz (2004), dentre outros. Os resultados apontaram para um aumento na ocorrência de gêneros orais, ao longo das quatro edições do PNLD, com uma diversidade que propicia o desenvolvimento de capacidades de linguagem variadas

Prevalence and Significance of Antibiotic-Associated Adverse Reactions

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines Pharmacovigilance as the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse drug effects. The aim is to promote the safety and effective use of medicines through an early detection and evaluation of drug safety risks. The pharmacovigilance system is essentially based in spontaneous reports of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR). ADR can be associated with severe outcomes and significant mortality, besides, most of them are deemed to be preventable events. Globally, antibiotics are among the most widely prescribed medications and their extensive use is linked to antibiotic-associated ADR. This chapter aims to summarize available epidemiological data concerning antibiotic use related ADR and analyze the reports received by the EudraVigilance system regarding the exclusive usage of antibiotics