Análise do gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos nas unidades de uma rede supermercadista na região metropolitana de Belém – PA / Analysis of solid waste management in units of a grocerie store chain in the metropolitan area of Belem – PA

Este artigo objetivou avaliar o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos de unidades distintas de uma rede de supermercados localizados na cidade de Belém – PA. Para a realização do trabalho, foram visitadas três unidades da Rede, situadas nos seguintes locais: unidade 1 (avenida Augusto Montenegro); unidade 2 (bairro Umarizal); e unidade 3 (Avenida Duque de Caxias), nas quais foram aplicados questionários acerca do gerenciamento de resíduos, além de observações sobre a presença de lixeiras comuns e lixeiras seletivas, coleta de resíduos gerados, como pilhas, baterias, e, assim, comparando as unidades, utilizando critérios como localização, tempo de funcionamento e condições do estabelecimento. Com os dados avaliados, foram verificados que as unidades possuem pontos onde se localizam coleta seletiva, estando em boas condições, mas que alguns critérios não foram respondidos pelos funcionários por falta do conhecimento sobre. As redes separam seus resíduos e os armazenam para a destinação final, a qual é feita por empresas terceirizadas. Porém, a gestão de resíduos orgânicos, pilhas e óleos ainda precisam ser aprimorados. A rede entendeu que investimentos visando reduzir impactos ambientais, como gestão de resíduos sólidos intensiva, pode vir a gerar lucros e benefícios para a empresa, o que a deixa em melhor situação para com a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos

USO DO MODELO AQUACROP PARA O FEIJÃO-CAUPI CULTIVADO SOB DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO EM CASTANHAL-PA

O feijão-caupi possui grande importância socioeconômica para a população, principalmente a de baixa renda. O modelo AquaCrop foi calibrado e validado para analisar a sua eficiência na simulação do teor de água no solo, produção de biomassa e produtividade do feijão-caupi sob diferentes disponibilidades hídricas no nordeste paraense. O experimento foi realizado na fazenda escola da UFRA-Castanhal, com a cultivar BR3-Tracuateua submetida a quatro tratamentos (T100, T50, T25 e T0), correspondentes à reposição da água perdida pela (ETc) durante a fase reprodutiva, em seis blocos ao acaso. Para a parametrização e calibração do modelo foi utilizado dados coletados em campo nos anos de 2015/2016. O seu desempenho foi avaliado pelos parâmetros estatísticos (RMSE, r², d, c e Ef). O modelo subestimou a biomassa dos tratamentos (T50, T25 e T0), entretanto a biomassa simulada apresentou alta correlação com a observada em todos os tratamentos, bem como um alto índice de desempenho. No geral, o modelo simulou bem a produtividade nos diferentes tratamentos e seus valores apresentaram alta correlação com os dados observados (r2 = 0,99), demonstrando um ótimo desempenho na simulação da produtividade do feijão-caupi (c = 0,98). O desempenho diminuiu em decorrência da lâmina aplicada (T100 > T0), não afetando sua eficiência (Ef > 0,67), decorrente da alta correlação (r² > 0,74) entre os valores observados e simulados e pelos erros de estimativa (RMSE < 20%) aceitáveis, viabilizando seu uso na simulação da biomassa, rendimento além de poder ser usado na simulação do teor de água no solo em Castanhal-PA

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery: a prospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32–0.77); P\u3c0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88–1.19); P=0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62–0.92); P\u3c0.01; I2=87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61–0.88); P\u3c0.01; I2=89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine

Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research

Background The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally

Critical care admission following elective surgery was not associated with survival benefit: prospective analysis of data from 27 countries

This was an investigator initiated study funded by Nestle Health Sciences through an unrestricted research grant, and by a National Institute for Health Research (UK) Professorship held by RP. The study was sponsored by Queen Mary University of London