Avaliação do consumo alimentar e prevalência de constipação intestinal funcional em estudantes do Curso de Nutrição

The activities attributed to men, whether at school, work, and family, cause interference in their quality of life, such as changes in eating habits, in which they choose easily prepared meals. These changes favor the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases, such as Functional Intestinal Constipation. This paper aims to evaluate the food intake and the prevalence of functional constipation in Nutrition students. Quantitative, cross-sectional study conducted with 60 undergraduates, 55 female and 5 male, aged between 18 and 30 years. Nutritional status was determined by body mass index, food intake by 24-hour recall, analysis was performed using the NutWin v.1.5 program. To identify functional bowel constipation, the Roman III and Bristol Scale criteria were used. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Biostat v.5.0 using the T Student test to compare mean values and standard deviation. The body mass index presented values of 22.6 (±3.1), characterizing the participants as eutrophic. In relation to food consumption the amount of energy presented mean and standard deviation equal to 2757±551.9 *, protein 99.0±2.6, Lipids 72.8±5.3 *, carbohydrate 310±48.2 * and fiber 16.9±5.9, with significant difference between the consumption of the analyzed nutrients (p<0.05) when compared to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIS). Regarding functional intestinal constipation, there was a prevalence of 33%. From the results found the high consumption of protein, fat, simple carbohydrate associated with low fiber intake, with high prevalence of functional bowel constipation among college students.As atividades atribuídas ao homem, na escola, no trabalho ou na família provocam interferências na sua qualidade de vida, como mudanças nos hábitos alimentares, optando-se por refeições de fácil preparação. Essas mudanças favorecem o desenvolvimento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, como a constipação intestinal funcional. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo alimentar e a prevalência de constipação intestinal funcional em estudantes do Curso de Nutrição. É um estudo de natureza quantitativa, transversal, realizado com 60 universitários, 55 do sexo feminino e 5 do sexo masculino, com idades entre 18 e 30 anos. O estado nutricional foi determinado pelo índice de massa corpórea, o consumo alimentar pelo Recordatório de 24 horas e a análise foi realizada pelo programa NutWin v.1.5. Para a identificação da constipação intestinal funcional se utilizaram os critérios de Roman III e a Escala de Bristol. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada por meio Biostat v.5.0 utilizando o teste T Student para comparar os valores médios e o desvio padrão. O índice de massa corpórea apresentou valores de 22,6 (±3,1), caracterizando os participantes como eutróficos. Com relação ao consumo alimentar, a quantidade de energia teve média e desvio padrão iguais a 2757±551,9*, proteína 99,0±2,6, lipídeos 72,8±5,3*, carboidrato 310±48,2* e fibras 16,9±5,9, com diferença significativa entre o consumo dos nutrientes analisados (p<0,05) quando comparados às Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIS). Quanto à constipação intestinal funcional, houve prevalência de 33%. A partir dos resultados, constatou-se o consumo elevado de proteínas, gordura, carboidrato simples associado à baixa ingestão de fibras, com alta prevalência de constipação intestinal funcional entre os universitários

Síndrome pré-menstrual: possibilidades de cuidados para atenuação dos sintomas

Introdução: A Síndrome Pré-menstrual (SPM), com início de uma a duas semanas antes da menstruação, engloba um padrão recorrente de sintomas físicos, afetivos e comportamentais, podendo ser agravados por fatores externos, como hábitos de vida e condição socioeconômica, afetando negativamente as atividades diárias. Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre a síndrome pré-menstrual e a possibilidade de reabilitação. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada através da leitura de portais oficiais de órgãos públicos e da busca eletrônica na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), no PubMed e na Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Resultados: Nessa revisão integrativa foram selecionados 41 estudos primários publicados nos últimos 5 anos, disponíveis gratuitamente e nos idiomas inglês e português. Discussão: Com relação às técnicas não farmacológicas, observou-se que os métodos de exercício físico, dieta, medicina tradicional iraniana, suplementação de vitamina D e terapia cognitivo-comportamental obtiveram boa eficácia na atenuação dos sintomas da SPM, como dismenorreia e alterações de humor; o tratamento com auriculoterapia mostrou resultados semelhantes ao uso de placebo; outros como acupuntura e acupressão não trouxeram resultados conclusivos.  Entre os métodos farmacológicos, o tratamento padrão preconizado é por meio de anticoncepcionais orais combinados. Além disso, o uso de inibidores seletivos da recaptação da serotonina (ISRSs) pode aumentar a quantidade de serotonina para neurotransmissão e consequentemente melhorar os sintomas da SPM. Os moduladores seletivos do receptor de estrogênio oferecem uma estratégia segura para manejo de sintomas, inclusive os de menopausa. O uso de moduladores do receptor de progesterona, por outro lado, mostrou maior controle de comportamentos agressivos. Por fim, um estudo multicêntrico realizado na Suécia mostrou resultado promissor do neuroesteroide endógeno em comparação ao uso de anticoncepcionais orais combinados. Conclusão: Há fortes indícios de melhora dos sintomas da SPM diante das diversas possibilidades para sua reabilitação, sejam elas farmacológicas ou não-farmacológicas.Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), with beggining in one or two weeks before menstruation, includes a recurring pattern of physical, affective and behavioral symptoms that can be exarcebated by external factors as life habits and socialeconomic conditions, affecting negatively the daily activities.  Objective: Analyze the relationship between premenstrual syndrome and the possibility of rehabilitation. Method: Integrative literature review performed through reading of official portals of public agencies and the eletronic search in Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Results: In this integrative review, it was selected 41 primary studies published within the last 5 years, available for free and in english and portuguese languages. Discussion: In regard of the non-pharmacological techniques, it was observed that physical exercise, diet, traditional iranian medicine, vitamine D supplementation and cognitive behavioral therapy had good efficiency in the attenuation of the PMS symptoms, as dysmenorrhea and mood changes; the treatment with auriculotherapy has shown similar results as the use of placebo; others as acupuncture and acupressure didn’t bring conclusive results. Between the pharmacological methods, the standard treatment is with combined oral contraceptives. Furthermore, the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can increase the amount of serotonin for neurotransmission and consequently improve PMS symptoms. The selective estrogen receptor modulator offers a safe strategy to handle the symptoms, including menopauses. The use of selective progesterone receptor modulator, on the other hand, has shown better control of aggressive behaviors. At last, a multicentric study made in Sweden has shown promising results of endogenous neurosteroid when compared to the use of combined oral contraceptives. Conclusion: There are strong evidence of improvement of PMS symptoms in front of the many rehabilitation possibilities, whether they are pharmacological or non-pharmacological

INTERVENÇÕES E MANEJO NO ALÍVIO DA DOR ONCOLÓGICA

  In the oncology population, pain is one of the most disabling symptoms, affecting approximately 66% of cancer patients. Cancer pain is a multidimensional syndrome with a mixture of acute and chronic pain, yet it is a poorly managed and/or undertreated symptom worldwide. The management of cancer pain is very challenging due to the wide variation in patients' reactions to different therapies and medications. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify relevant information about interventions and management in cancer pain. This is an integrative review of the literature, in which information was collected in the following databases: Lilacs, Pubmed and Google Scholar, with articles dated between 2018 and 2023. 8 articles were selected to compose the review. The use of opioids as a medication for the treatment of moderate to severe cancer pain is well understood, however, professionals have substantial deficits in knowledge about adverse effects induced by opioids and the calculation of the opioid rescue dose. Therapies such as acupuncture, clinical hypnosis and self-hypnosis, as well as psychosocial interventions are treatment modalities that can offer long-term pain relief for patients with cancer pain. It is clear that there is a wide variety of interventions that benefit and alleviate cancer pain. Health professionals must be familiar with pharmacological interventions, as well as complementary approaches.Na população oncológica, a dor é um dos sintomas mais invalidantes, afetando aproximadamente 66% dos pacientes com câncer. A dor oncológica é uma síndrome multidimensional com uma mistura de dor aguda e crônica, ainda é um sintoma mal gerido e/ou subtratado em todo o mundo. O manejo da dor oncológica é muito desafiador devido à grande variação nas reações dos pacientes a diversas terapias e medicamentos. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo é identificar informações relevantes sobre intervenções e manejo no alívio da dor oncológica. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, na qual a coleta de informações aconteceu nas seguintes bases de dados: Lilacs, Pubmed e Google Acadêmico, com artigos datados entre 2018 a 2023. Foram selecionados 8 artigos para compor a revisão. É bem elucidado o uso de opioides como medicamento para o tratamento da dor oncológica moderada a grave, no entanto, profissionais apresentam déficits substanciais de conhecimento sobre efeitos adversos induzidos por opioides e ao cálculo da dose de resgate de opioides. Terapias como acupuntura, hipnose clínica e auto-hipnose, além de intervenções psicossociais são modalidades de tratamento que conseguem ofertar alívio da dor a longo prazo para pacientes com dor oncológica. É perceptível que existe uma grande variedade de intervenções que beneficiam e aliviam a dor do câncer, os profissionais de saúde devem estar familiarizados com as intervenções farmacológicas, assim como com abordagens complementares

Impact of Environmental Sciences on the United Nations 2030 Agenda: challenges and advances from the experience of forming thematic clusters

Os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) que compõem a Agenda 2030 da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) constituem-se como ferramenta significativa para avançar na agenda da sustentabilidade em diferentes níveis, desde o local até o global. A área das Ciências Ambientais da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) tem propiciado diálogos sobre o tema e vem construindo iniciativas que buscam mensurar a contribuição da pós-graduação brasileira quanto à sua contribuição no alcance dos ODS. Este reporte técnico teve o objetivo de apresentar os resultados do II Encontro Acadêmico “Impacto das Ciências Ambientais na Agenda 2030”, realizado nos dias 8 e 9 de junho de 2022, no Instituto de Estudos Avançados da Universidade de São Paulo (IEA/USP), e refletir sobre as ações para a implementação da Agenda 2030 nas Ciências Ambientais no Brasil. O evento teve como objetivo discutir a incorporação dos ODS nas atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão e dar início à iniciativa de formação de clusters temáticos (CTs), espaços coletivos que estimulam conexões interinstitucionais e interdisciplinares. De acordo com a avaliação conduzida entre os participantes, o evento foi considerado bem-sucedido, com ampla participação e exposição dos avanços de todos os CTs, possibilitando apontar estratégias para ampliar as oportunidades de trabalhos em rede e colaborações. Os diálogos indicam que há desafios, como a efetiva participação dos programas, a compilação e divulgação de informações sobre impacto e o trabalho com discentes e egressos. As sugestões incluem a realização anual e itinerante do evento, a indicação e o engajamento de coordenadores adjuntos nos CTs e a inclusão de momento para elaboração de propostas que fundamentem políticas públicas.The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that make up the United Nations’ (UN) 2030 Agenda serve as a significant tool for advancing the sustainability cause at different levels, from local to global. The Environmental Sciences Area of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) has facilitated dialogues on the subject and has been building initiatives to measure the contribution of Brazilian graduate education to the achievement of the SDGs. This technical report aimed to present the results of the 2nd Academic Meeting “Impact of Environmental Sciences on the 2030 Agenda”, held on June 8 and 9, 2022, at the Institute of Advanced Studies of the University of São Paulo, and to reflect on actions for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda in Environmental Sciences in Brazil. The event aimed to discuss the incorporation of the SDGs into teaching, research, and extension activities, and to initiate the formation of thematic clusters (TCs), collective spaces that stimulate interinstitutional and interdisciplinary connections. According to the evaluation conducted among the participants, the event was considered successful, with broad participation and presentation of the advancements made by all TCs, enabling the identification of strategies to expand networking opportunities and collaborations. The discussions indicate that there are challenges, such as the effective participation of programs, the compilation and dissemination of information on impact, and working with students and alumni. Suggestions include holding the event annually and in different locations, appointing and engaging assistant coordinators in the TCs, and including a moment for the development of proposals that underpin public policies

Ferréz: más allá del documentalismo

Este artículo apunta a pensar el lugar central que ocupa la producción de Ferréz entre las producciones de la literatura brasileña del presente a partir de la contemporaneidad de sus interrogantes. Sostenemos que en sus dos primeras novelas, Capão pecado (2000) y Manual prático do ódio (2003) lleva a cabo un proceso de desestabilización y reactualización de la distinción entre ficción y no ficción, por un lado, y una propuesta singular del estatuto de lo real, por otro

Modulation rate and age effect on intermittent speech recognition

ABSTRACT Purpose: to investigate the auditory recognition of intermittent speech in relation to different modulation rates and ages. Methods: 20 young people, 20 middle-aged adults, and 16 older adults, all of them with auditory thresholds equal to or lower than 25 dB HL up to the frequency of 4000 Hz. The participants were submitted to intermittent speech recognition tests presented in three modulation conditions: 4 Hz, 10 Hz, and 64 Hz. The percentages of correct answers were compared between age groups and modulation rates. ANOVA and post hoc tests were conducted to investigate the modulation rate effect, and the mixed linear regression model (p < 0.001). Results: regarding the age effect, the data showed a significant difference between young people and older adults, and between middle-aged and older adults. As for the modulation rate effect, the indexes of correct answers were significantly lower at the slower rate (4 Hz) in the three age groups. Conclusion: an age effect was verified on intermittent speech recognition: older adults have greater difficulty. A modulation rate effect was also noticed in the three age groups: the higher the rate, the better the performance

Avaliação do consumo alimentar e prevalência de constipação intestinal funcional em estudantes do Curso de Nutrição

The activities attributed to men, whether at school, work, and family, cause interference in their quality of life, such as changes in eating habits, in which they choose easily prepared meals. These changes favor the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases, such as Functional Intestinal Constipation. This paper aims to evaluate the food intake and the prevalence of functional constipation in Nutrition students. Quantitative, cross-sectional study conducted with 60 undergraduates, 55 female and 5 male, aged between 18 and 30 years. Nutritional status was determined by body mass index, food intake by 24-hour recall, analysis was performed using the NutWin v.1.5 program. To identify functional bowel constipation, the Roman III and Bristol Scale criteria were used. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Biostat v.5.0 using the T Student test to compare mean values and standard deviation. The body mass index presented values of 22.6 (±3.1), characterizing the participants as eutrophic. In relation to food consumption the amount of energy presented mean and standard deviation equal to 2757±551.9 *, protein 99.0±2.6, Lipids 72.8±5.3 *, carbohydrate 310±48.2 * and fiber 16.9±5.9, with significant difference between the consumption of the analyzed nutrients (p&lt;0.05) when compared to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIS). Regarding functional intestinal constipation, there was a prevalence of 33%. From the results found the high consumption of protein, fat, simple carbohydrate associated with low fiber intake, with high prevalence of functional bowel constipation among college students.As atividades atribuídas ao homem, na escola, no trabalho ou na família provocam interferências na sua qualidade de vida, como mudanças nos hábitos alimentares, optando-se por refeições de fácil preparação. Essas mudanças favorecem o desenvolvimento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, como a constipação intestinal funcional. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo alimentar e a prevalência de constipação intestinal funcional em estudantes do Curso de Nutrição. É um estudo de natureza quantitativa, transversal, realizado com 60 universitários, 55 do sexo feminino e 5 do sexo masculino, com idades entre 18 e 30 anos. O estado nutricional foi determinado pelo índice de massa corpórea, o consumo alimentar pelo Recordatório de 24 horas e a análise foi realizada pelo programa NutWin v.1.5. Para a identificação da constipação intestinal funcional se utilizaram os critérios de Roman III e a Escala de Bristol. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada por meio Biostat v.5.0 utilizando o teste T Student para comparar os valores médios e o desvio padrão. O índice de massa corpórea apresentou valores de 22,6 (±3,1), caracterizando os participantes como eutróficos. Com relação ao consumo alimentar, a quantidade de energia teve média e desvio padrão iguais a 2757±551,9*, proteína 99,0±2,6, lipídeos 72,8±5,3*, carboidrato 310±48,2* e fibras 16,9±5,9, com diferença significativa entre o consumo dos nutrientes analisados (p&lt;0,05) quando comparados às Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIS). Quanto à constipação intestinal funcional, houve prevalência de 33%. A partir dos resultados, constatou-se o consumo elevado de proteínas, gordura, carboidrato simples associado à baixa ingestão de fibras, com alta prevalência de constipação intestinal funcional entre os universitários

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data