Length-weight relation, condition factor and gonadosomatic index of the whitemouth croaker, Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) (Actinopterygii: Sciaenidae), caught in Lençóis Bay, state of Maranhão, eastern Amazon, Brazil

A corvina, Micropogonias furnieri, é explotada no Maranhão, Brasil, ressaltando a necessidade de programas de manutenção de estoques naturais desta espécie para auxiliar na gestão deste recurso explorado. O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de adquirir informações sobre as características reprodutivas (índice gonadossomático e fator de condição) e também sobre a distribuição de comprimento e relação peso-comprimento da espécie. Os peixes foram capturados na Baía dos Lençóis, no estado do Maranhão (Amazônia Oriental) entre junho de 2010 e julho de 2011. Um total de 570 indivíduos foram capturados (318 machos e 252 fêmeas). Os valores de comprimento apresentaram diferença entre os sexos, com fêmeas sendo maiores que os machos. A proporção entre os sexos indicaram uma tendência para as fêmeas serem mais abundantes na estação chuvosa (primeiro semestre), enquanto os machos predominaram na estação seca (segundo semestre). A relação peso-comprimento indicou crescimento alométrico negativo para ambos os sexos. A análise da variação do fator de condição sugere valores mais baixos coincidindo com os resultados mais elevados para a relação gonadossomática, apresentando-se como um bom indicador reprodutivo de M. furnieri na região.The whitemouth croaker, Micropogonias furnieri, which is exploited off the state of Maranhão, Brazil, reinforces the need for maintenance programs of natural stocks of this species to assist in the management of this exploited resource. The aim of the present study was to describe aspects regarding its reproductive characteristics (gonadosomatic index and condition factor) and also the length distribution and weight-length relationships. The fish were caught in Lençóis Bay in the state of Maranhão (eastern Amazon) between June 2010 and July 2011. A total of 570 individuals were caught (318 males and 252 females). Differences in length were found between the sexes, with females larger than males. The sex ratio indicated a tendency for females to be more abundant in the rainy season (first semester), whereas males predominated in the dry season (second semester). The weight-length relationship indicated negative allometric growth for both sexes. The analysis of the variation in the condition factor suggests that lower values coincided with higher gonadosomatic index values and that this factor is a good reproductive indicator for M. furnieri in the region

Characterization of Effluents Generated During the Cleaning of Expansion Tanks Used to Store Raw Milk in Brazil / Caracterização dos Efluentes Gerados Durante a Limpeza dos Tanques de Expansão Usados para Armazenar Leite Cru no Brasil

The objective of this study was to characterize the effluents generated during the cleaning of the expansion tanks used to store raw milk in Brazil. Fifteen expansion tanks were chosen and three samples collected from each tank, as well as measuring the temperature and volume. The biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), acidity, pH, alkalinity, total phosphorus, nitrogen, fats and oils, hardness, turbidity and total dissolved solids were determined. The statistical design adopted was completely at random and the Scott-Knott test was adopted to compare the means that differed significantly according to the F test. The multivariate data analysis was also carried out and studied by the principal component analysis (PCA) and the grouping analysis for similarity, as represented by a dendogram. The effluents were not treated and some of them (26.7%) were discharged into water courses. The concentrations of the organic matter indicators and the results of the physicochemical analyses of the expansion tank washing effluents showed that the majority of the variables were above the legal standards established by Brazilian legislation. Thus an adequate destiny for these effluents is required. The PCA showed that the variables with the greatest influence on the characteristics of the expansion tank effluents were related to the COD and nitrogen concentrations. A total of 88% of similarity was found between the effluents of the 15 tanks. According to the concentrations obtained for the phosphorus, nitrogen, COD and BOD of the effluents, they could be treated by the wetlands systems.The objective of this study was to characterize the effluents generated during the cleaning of the expansion tanks used to store raw milk in Brazil. Fifteen expansion tanks were chosen and three samples collected from each tank, as well as measuring the temperature and volume. The biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), acidity, pH, alkalinity, total phosphorus, nitrogen, fats and oils, hardness, turbidity and total dissolved solids were determined. The statistical design adopted was completely at random and the Scott-Knott test was adopted to compare the means that differed significantly according to the F test. The multivariate data analysis was also carried out and studied by the principal component analysis (PCA) and the grouping analysis for similarity, as represented by a dendogram. The effluents were not treated and some of them (26.7%) were discharged into water courses. The concentrations of the organic matter indicators and the results of the physicochemical analyses of the expansion tank washing effluents showed that the majority of the variables were above the legal standards established by Brazilian legislation. Thus an adequate destiny for these effluents is required. The PCA showed that the variables with the greatest influence on the characteristics of the expansion tank effluents were related to the COD and nitrogen concentrations. A total of 88% of similarity was found between the effluents of the 15 tanks. According to the concentrations obtained for the phosphorus, nitrogen, COD and BOD of the effluents, they could be treated by the wetlands systems

Arbovirus control: what is the (real) stone in the way?

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ÍNDICE DE SUSTENTABILIDADE DE BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS: ESTUDO DE CASO DAS SUB-BACIAS DO BATATÃ E MARACANÃ, SÃO LUÍS/MA

Este artigo objetiva avaliar a aplicação do Índice de Sustentabilidade de Bacias Hidrográficas como subsídio para formulação de políticas públicas de conservação para as sub-bacias hidrográficas do Batatã e Maracanã, São Luís, Maranhão. O índice é composto por quatro dimensões: Ambiental, Qualidade de Água, Socioeconômica e Político-Institucional. As dimensões são compostas por indicadores e estes, em alguns casos, por variáveis básicas, obtidas em campo e laboratório. Comparativamente, os valores obtidos para a sub-bacia do Batatã foram superiores em relação à sub-bacia do Maracanã em todas as dimensões analisadas

Padrão de desoclusão em indivíduos com fissura lábio-palatina completa

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the pattern of disocclusion during excursive mandibular movements and presence or absence of occlusal interferences and occlusal pathologies (gingival recession and abfraction). METHOD: examination of 120 individuals divided into two groups, as follows: Group 1 - 90 patients with complete cleft lip and palate (study group), subdivided into 30 patients with complete left unilateral cleft lip and palate, 30 patients with complete right unilateral cleft lip and palate and 30 patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate; Group 2 - 30 individuals without clefts (control group). RESULTS: 58.8% of patients in Group 1 presented unilateral or bilateral canine guidance, 26.6% presented unilateral or bilateral group function and 54.4% presented lateral movements through the posterior teeth. Regarding protrusive movements, 80% presented anterior guidance and 20% presented posterior guidance. In Group 2, 69.6% of individuals presented unilateral or bilateral canine guidance, 43.2% presented unilateral or bilateral group function and only 13.3% presented lateral movements through the posterior teeth; 3.4% presented protrusion through the posterior teeth. CONCLUSIONS: there was no difference in the pattern of disocclusion between subgroups of patients with clefts. Group 2 presented predominance of bilateral group function, whereas Group 1 presented a higher prevalence of posterior guidance during lateral movements. Protrusion occurred primarily through anterior guidance in Group 2 and through the posterior teeth in Group 1. There was high prevalence of occlusal interferences at the molar area for both groups, yet with no correlation with occlusal pathologies (recession and abfraction).OBJETIVO: avaliar o padrão de desoclusão apresentado nos movimentos excursivos mandibulares e a presença ou não de interferências oclusais e patologias relacionadas à oclusão (recessão gengival e abfração). MÉTODO: exame de 120 indivíduos, divididos em 2 grupos: Grupo 1 - 90 pacientes com fissura completa de lábio e palato, subdivididos em 30 pacientes com fissura completa de lábio e palato unilateral esquerda, 30 pacientes com fissura completa de lábio e palato unilateral direita e 30 com fissura completa de lábio e palato bilateral; e Grupo 2 - 30 indivíduos sem fissuras (grupo controle). RESULTADOS: 58,8% do Grupo 1 apresentaram guia canina uni ou bilateralmente, 26,6% apresentaram desoclusão com função em grupo uni ou bilateral e 54,4% realizaram estes movimentos laterais através dos dentes posteriores; 80% dos pacientes do Grupo 1 realizava protrusão pelos dentes anteriores e 20 % pelos posteriores. Para o Grupo 2, guia canina uni ou bilateral foi observada em 69,6% dos indivíduos, 43,2% apresentaram função em grupo uni ou bilateral e somente 13,3% realizaram os movimentos laterais pelos dentes posteriores. Apenas 3,4% dos indivíduos do Grupo 2 apresentaram protrusão pelos dentes posteriores. CONCLUSÕES: não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no padrão de desoclusão entre os subgrupos de pacientes com fissuras. O Grupo 2 apresentou predominância de função em grupo bilateral, enquanto o Grupo 1 apresentou maior prevalência de guia posterior durante os movimentos laterais. A protrusão ocorreu principalmente por guia anterior no Grupo 2 e pelos dentes posteriores no Grupo 1. Houve alta prevalência de interferências oclusais na região de molares para ambos os grupos, entretanto sem correlação com patologias oclusais (recessão e abfração)

COMUNIDADE DE PEIXES COMO INDICADOR DE QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL NA ÁREA DE INFLUÊNCIA DA INDÚSTRIA ALUMAR, ILHA DE SÃO LUÍS - MA

As grandes perturbações antrópicas que os ecossistemas vem sofrendo nos últimos anos, especialmente os ambientes estuarinos, impõe a necessidade de implementar metodologias para avaliação dos índices de degradação dessas áreas. Estudos em níveis de comunidade têm se mostrado eficientes em análises ambientais, já que refletem respostas em conjuntos de espécies, demonstrando possíveis alterações em cadeias alimentares, relações inter e intra-específicas que influenciam diretamente na fauna existente na área. O índice de Integridade Biótica (IIB) estabelece métodos mais compreensivos e significativos de avaliar a qualidade da água. Uma adaptação desse índice foi estabelecida para as áreas estuarinas da Ilha de São Luís (MA -Brasil), em um programa de amostragens bimestrais das comunidades de peixes no sistema estuarino compreendido pelo Rio dos Cachorros e o Estreito de Coqueiro, tendo como pontos de amostragem os igarapés Andiroba, Boa Razão, Pajé e Anajatiua. A análise do IIB demonstrou resultados que classificaram a água variando entre Muito Pobre e Pobre, sendo que os valores das médias encontrados para o IIB temporal variaram significativamente, embora não tenha demonstrado diferenças significativas entre as áreas de amostragem e nas interações entre os períodos hidrológicos e as áreas de coleta. Mesmo não diferindo significativamente entre os pontos de coleta, o pequeno gradiente de melhora do IIB inversamente relacionado a distância do foco de efluentes industriais, pode indicar os impactos negativos das atividades industriais, na qualidade da água.Palavras-chave: Comunidade ictiofaunística, Índice de Integridade Biótica, poluição ambiental, bioindicadorAbstractFishes community as indicator of environmental quality in the área of influence of ALUMAR industry, São Luís island - MAConsidering the huge disturbances to ecosystems (especially estuarine environments) caused by anthropogenic actions in recent years, methodologies are needed for the assessment of degradation in these areas. Studies on the community level have proven efficient in environmental analyses, reflecting the responses of a group of species and demonstrating possible changes in the food chain and inter-species and intra-species relationships that exert a direct influence over local fauna. The index of biotic integrity (IBI) establishes more comprehensive and significant methods for assessing water quality. An adaptation of this index was established for estuaries on São Luís Island in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Bimonthly sampling was carried out of the fish community in the estuary system made up of the Cachorros River and Coqueiro Straits at the following locations: Andiroba, Boa Razão, Pajé and Anajatiua. The IBI analysis classified the water of the study area as poor to very poor. Mean IBI values varied significantly, although no significant differences were found between sampling sites or in the interactions between hydrological periods and collection sites. Despite the lack of statistically significant differences between sites, the slight gradient of improvement in the IBI was inversely related to the distance from the source of industrial effluents, indicating the negative impact of industrial activities on water quality. Key-words: Icthyofaunistic community, index of biotic integrity, enviromental pollution, bioindicator

COMPRIMENTO MÉDIO DE PRIMEIRA MATURAÇÃO PARA A TILÁPIA DO NILO, Oreochromis niloticus, LINNAEUS,1758 (PERCIFORMES: CICHLIDAE) CAPTURADO NA BACIA DO BACANGA, SÃO LUÍS, MA

A tilápia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus, é um peixe de origem africana que vive em ambientes lênticos e quentes, possuindo elevada capacidade de adaptação às mais diversas condições ambientais. Em função de sua ampla distribuição e ótima aceitação no mercado, os estoques das tilápias têm sido fortemente explorados, em todo o planeta, impondo a necessidade do conhecimento de sua biologia. Neste sentido, o objetivo do estudo foi determinar o comprimento médio de primeira maturação do Oreochromis niloticus, capturado na bacia do Bacanga no período de outubro de 2007 a abril de 2008. Os indivíduos foram capturados com auxilio de petrechos de pesca denominado malhadeira, associado a um esforço de 12 horas. O tamanho médio de primeira maturação para machos e fêmeas foi estimado em 20,9 e 18,5 cm, respectivamente. Com comprimentos de 22,1 e 23,2 cm, todas as fêmeas e machos estavam aptos a se reproduzirem. Os resultados, quando comparados com os da literatura têm indicado que indivíduos de Oreochromis niloticus, capturados na bacia do Bacanga encontra-se em equilíbrio populacional, fato que pode ser justificado devido a baixa exploração pesqueira desta espécie, em consequência de sua intensa produção na aquicultura.Palavras-chave: tilápia, Bacanga, maturação.ABSTRACTAverage length of first maturity for Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, linnaeus, 1758 (perciformes: cichlidae) captured watershed of bacanga, São Luís, MA.The Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, is a fish of African origin who lives in stagnant water and hot, having high adaptability to many different environmental conditions. Due to its wide distribution and market acceptance, their stocks have been overexploited making necessary the knowledge of their biology. The aim of the present study was to determine size at first maturity in the Nile tilapia captured in the Bacanga River basin, from October, 2007 to April, 2008. Mean size at first maturity for males and females was estimated as 20.9 cm and 18.5 cm, respectively. All males and females are able to reproduce at 23.2 cm and 22.1 cm, respectively. The results, when compared with the literature has shown that individuals of O. niloticus, captured in Bacanga River basin is in equilibrium population, due to low overfishing of this species because of its intense production in aquaculture.Key Words: tilapia, Bacanga, maturity

Making the ecological brick using powder residues of Ceramic Tiles

The residues generated by the ceramic factories, among the most varied types, represent a large part of the waste produced and the one that comes from the production of red ceramics such as tiles and bricks, reflects in great part of all the constituents of these residues. The use of tailings is becoming an increasingly common practice, often because it does not have a correct final destination and in some places, there is a shortage of natural materials. The present work aims to study the addition of residues of ceramic tiles dust in the characteristics and properties of ecological brick. A literature review on the topic was carried out, in addition to granulometric characterizations, absorption tests, thermal comfort and simple compression. After carrying out the tests, the possibility of using it as a component of the ecological brick and using it in the region of Teresina-PI was studied. The samples produced with tile powder residue showed excellent results, therefore, through this study it was possible to prove that the reuse of these residues is valid for use in civil construction