Decisão jurídica e legitimidade: criando laços entre democracia e justiça

A questão da legitimidade do Direito e da decisão jurídica foi se destacando dentro do período chamado de pós-positivismo jurídico. Este trabalho se preocupou em analisar a legitimidade do Direito sob os aspectos das teorias procedimentalistas, que destacam a legitimidade mediante o procedimento democrático, e substancialistas, que apostam na possibilidade de fundamentação de decisões corretas com base em convicções substanciais. A exploração das possibilidades de conciliação entre procedimentalismo e substancialismo abre a discussão sobre a legitimidade do Direito e da decisão jurídica sob uma perspectiva mais próxima à realidade do Estado Democrático de Direito. Nesse esforço de se estabelecer os laços entre procedimentalismo e substancialismo, consequentemente criam-se os laços entre democracia e justiça

Estudo comparativo de parâmetros de testes de latências múltiplas do sono (TLMS) e ocorrência de sonhos em pacientes hipersones narcolépticos e não-narcolépticos

OBJECTIVE: To compare MSLT parameters in two groups of patients with daytime sleepiness, correlated to the occurrence and onset of dreams. METHOD: Patients were submitted to the MSLT between January/1999 and June/2002. Sleep onset latency, REM sleep latency and total sleep time were determined. The occurrence of dreams was inquired following each MSLT series. Patients were classified as narcoleptic (N) or non-narcoleptic (NN). RESULTS: Thirty patients were studied, 12 were classified as narcoleptics (N group; 40%), while the remaining 18 as non-narcoleptic (NN group; 60%). Thirty MSLT were performed, resulting in 146 series. Sleep was detected in 126 series (86%) and dreams in 56 series (44.44%). Mean sleep time in the N group was 16.0±6.3 min, while 10.5±7.5 min in the NN group (p<0.0001). Mean sleep latency was 2.0±2.2 min and 7.2±6.0 min in the N and NN group, respectively (p<0.001). Mean REM sleep latency in the N group was 3.2±3.1min and 6.9±3.7 min in the NN group (p=0.021). Dreams occurred in 56.9% of the N group series and 28.4% in that of the NN group (p=0.0009). Dream frequency was detected in 29.8% and 75% of the NREM series of the N and NN groups, respectively (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: Patients from the N group, compared to the NN group, slept longer and earlier, demonstrated a shorter REM sleep onset and greater dream frequency. NN patients had a greater dream frequency in NREM series. Thus, the occurrence of dreams during NREM in the MSLT may contribute to differentially diagnose narcolepsy and daytime sleepiness. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTOBJETIVO: Comparar variáveis do TLMS em dois grupos de pacientes hipersones e correlacionar presença e momento de ocorrência de sonhos. MÉTODO: Os pacientes foram submetidos a TLMS entre janeiro de 1999 e junho de 2002. Analisou-se a média das latências de sono, latências de sono REM e tempo total de sono. A presença de sonhos foi inquirida após cada série. Classificou-se os pacientes em narcolépticos (N) e não-narcolépticos (NN). RESULTADOS: Do total de 30 pacientes, 12 foram classificados no grupo N (40%) e 18 no NN (60%). Dos 30 TLMS foram obtidas 146 séries. Houve sono em126 (86%) e sonho em 56 (44,44%). O tempo médio de sono no grupo N foi 16,0±6,3min e no NN 10,5±7,5min (p<0,0001). A latência média de sono no grupo N foi 2,0±2,2min e no NN 7,2±6,0min (p<0,001). A latência média do sono REM no N foi 3,2±3,1min e no NN 6,9±3,7min (p=0,021). Houve sonhos em 56,9% das séries do grupo N e 28,4% do NN (p=0,0009). A freqüência de sonhos em séries NREM no N foi 29,8 % e no NN 75% (p= 0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes do grupo N dormiram mais e mais rapidamente, apresentaram REM mais precocemente e maior freqüência de sonhos que os NN. Estes apresentaram maior freqüência de sonhos em séries NREM. A presença de sonhos em NREM no TLMS pode contribuir no diagnóstico diferencial entre narcolepsia e hipersonia diurna

Natural variation of arsenic fractions in soils of the Brazilian Amazon

Arsenic (As) in native soils of the Amazon rainforest is a concern due to its likely origin from the Andean rivers, which transport loads of sediments containing substantial amounts of trace elements coming from the cordilleras. Yet, unveiling soil As baseline concentrations in the Amazon basin is still a need because most studies in Brazil have been performed in areas with predominantly high concentrations and cannot express a real baseline value for the region. In this study, 414 soil samples (0–20, 20–40 and 40–60 cm layers) were collected from different sites throughout the Amazon basin - including native Amazon rainforest and minimally disturbed areas - and used to determine total and extractable (soluble + available) As concentrations along with relevant soil physicochemical properties. Descriptive statistics of the data was performed and Pearson correlation supported by a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) provided an improved understanding of where and how As concentrations are influenced by soil attributes. Total As concentration ranged from 0.98 to 41.71 mg kg−1 with values usually increasing from the topsoil (0–20 cm) to the deepest layer (40–60 cm) in all sites studied. Considering the proportional contribution given by each fraction (soluble and available) on extractable As concentration, it is noticeable that KH2PO4-extractable As represents the most important fraction, with >70% of the As extracted on average in all the sites studied. Still, the extractable fractions (soluble + available) correspond to ~0.24% of the total As, on average. Total, available, and soluble As fractions were strongly and positively correlated with soil Al3+. The PCA indicated that soil pH in combination with CEC might be the key factors controlling soil As concentrations and the occurrence of each arsenic fraction in the soil layers

Combining silicon, organic matter, and Trichoderma harzianum to mitigate salt stress in forage sorghum

Salt stress is a major abiotic factor limiting plant growth worldwide, particularly in arid and semiarid regions where excessive groundwater use in irrigation leads to high salt concentrations. To address this issue, this study investigated the efficacy of silicon, either alone or in combination with Trichoderma harzianum and organic matter, in mitigating salt stress in forage sorghum. The experiment took place in a saline Fluvisol in Parnamirim, a semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil, and followed a randomized block design with five treatments and four replicates: sorghum (control); sorghum + Si; sorghum + Si + OM (organic matter); sorghum + Si + T (T. harzianum); and sorghum + Si + T + OM. Sorghum plants were assessed over three cycles (initial cut and two regrowths) from June 2021 to April 2022. The combined treatments of Si + OM, Si + T, and Si + T + OM increased plant growth by 42.17, 35.49, and 27.51%, respectively, compared to the control. Similarly, these treatments led to biomass accumulation gains of 39.42, 40.44, and 31.77% in sorghum plants relative to the control. Silicon alone did not yield significant growth or biomass accumulation improvements. The application of silicon in conjunction with T. harzianum and/or organic matter shows promise in enhancing forage sorghum growth under saline stress conditions in semiarid regions

Association between hospital anxiety depression scale and autonomic recovery following exercise

The hospital anxiety depression scale (HADS) is a benchmark used to investigate possible and probable cases of psychosomatic illness. Its affiliation with autonomic recovery after exercise is unclear and, as a technique applied to evaluate cardiovascular risk. We assessed a possible link between HADS and autonomic recovery after exercise. We studied healthy subjects split into two groups: Low HADS (n = 20) and High HADS (n = 21). Subjects consented to moderate aerobic exercise on a treadmill at 60% to 65% of the maximum heart rate (HR) for 30 min. We studied HR variability (HRV) before and during 30 min after exercise. Subjects with higher HADS values presented delayed recovery of HR and root-mean square of differences between adjacent normal RR intervals (RMSSD) after submaximal exercise. RMSSD during recovery from exercise had a significant association with HADS. In summary, subjects with higher HADS presented slower vagal recovery following exercise

[paracoccidioidomycosis In Cerebral Hemisphere And Brainstem: Case Report].

We report on a 36 years-old man that had been at the Amazon forest four years before. Six months before the admission he had developed a progressive quadriparesis, gait ataxia, dysphagia, dysarthria, difficulty in breathing and hiccup. The gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MRI showed a lesion into the right parietoccipital area and another into the medulla, that was the largest. There was any evidence of tuberculosis or AIDS. The patient was submitted to microsurgical approach to the medulla. Pathological examination revealed paracoccidioidomycosis. Treatment with anphotericin B till 2100 mg was administered followed by sulfamethoxazole-trimetoprim for three months plus physical therapy. The patient went back to his activities six months after the end of the treatment. Comments are presented about the participation of the immunological system and of the cytokines (interleukines).64686-

Paracoccidioidomycosis in cerebral hemisphere and brainstem: case report

We report on a 36 years-old man that had been at the Amazon forest four years before. Six months before the admission he had developed a progressive quadriparesis, gait ataxia, dysphagia, dysarthria, difficulty in breathing and hiccup. The gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MRI showed a lesion into the right parietoccipital area and another into the medulla, that was the largest. There was any evidence of tuberculosis or AIDS. The patient was submitted to microsurgical approach to the medulla. Pathological examination revealed paracoccidioidomycosis. Treatment with anphotericin B till 2100mg was administered followed by sulfamethoxazole-trimetoprim for three months plus physical therapy. The patient went back to his activities six months after the end of the treatment. Comments are presented about the participation of the immunological system and of the cytokines (interleukines).Relata-se sobre um homem de 36 anos com passagem quatro anos antes pela selva amazônica. Admitido após seis meses do aparecimento progressivo de tetraparesia, ataxia de marcha, disfagia, disartria, dispnéia e soluço. A ressonância magnética revelou lesão parietoccipital à direita e no bulbo, sendo esta última maior. Investigações para tuberculose e síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida tiveram resultados negativos. Foi submetido a microcirurgia da lesão do bulbo. O estudo anatomopatológico revelou paracoccidioidomicose. Recebeu tratamento com anfotericina B até 2100 mg, e sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim por três meses, e fisioterapia. Voltou às atividades após seis meses do término do tratamento. Comenta-se sobre a participação do sistema imunológico e das citocinas (interleucinas).68668

Análise exergética de biorrefinaria de cana-de- açúcar em paralelo a usina sucroalcooleira tradicional / Exergetic analysis of sugarcane bio-refinery in parallel to the traditional sugar-alcohol mil

Com a constante evolução dos setores industriais e comerciais, o aumento da demanda energética e de matéria-prima fomentou a procura por fontes alternativas renováveis. Para atender a essa exigência, a busca por novas matrizes energéticas tornou-se parte da agenda desses segmentos. Dentre as alternativas, aquelas provenientes de biomassa são as que melhor atendem aos requisitos de sustentabilidade e eficiência. Desse modo, o estudo da implementação de biorrefinarias em detrimento de refinarias convencionais se torna mais que necessário para contribuir com a redução da utilização de combustíveis fósseis nas mais diversas áreas. Nesta métrica objetivou-se caracterizar como a termodinâmica pode ser utilizada para avaliar a sustentabilidade do uso dos recursos em sistemas industriais, por meio da análise exergética. A vista disso, o estudo de caso buscou examinar de maneira clara novas técnicas que permitiam uma melhor utilização dos escassos recursos naturais elencando uma análise de dois tipos de modelos industriais, na intenção de evidenciar a maior eficiência de um sobre o outro, sendo eles uma usina sucroalcooleira e uma biorrefinaria de cana-de-açúcar. A abordagem configurou-se de natureza bibliográfica, buscando utilizar os conceitos de exergia no intuito de avaliar a energia que pode ser aproveitada e a que não pode ser recuperada. Este projeto de pesquisa realizou uma análise exergética dos fluxos que compõem uma usina sucroalcooleira tradicional e uma biorrefinaria sucroalcooleira. Nesta análise evidenciou-se que o aumento do número de processos industriais não é fator determinante para a redução da eficiência exergética. Na forma tradicional, a eficiência exergética total obtida foi de 38,5%. Na simulação da mesma usina como uma biorrefinaria, a eficiência exergética obtida foi de 71,43%. Com relação à produção de eletricidade, observou-se que a substituição total do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar por lignina é a melhor alternativa do ponto de vista ambiental, tal substituição reduziu em 56% a produção de eletricidade na biorrefinaria. Por meio dessa metodologia, de reunir dados e realizar análises dos setores envolvidos, pôde-se concluir que as biorrefinarias são mais eficientes que as usinas, pois conseguem aproveitar melhor os recursos empregados na produção, sem desperdiçar o potencial exergético dos resíduos e das emissões.

Os primórdios da organização do espaço territorial e da vila cearense: algumas notas

This paper presents, in outline, the action taken by economic agents, representatives of the Church and the Portuguese State in organizing the space of the Captaincy of Ceará in the eighteenth century. The Portuguese State founded towns in strategic locations for better capitalization of the cattle breeder economy, where first settled sesmeiros and the Church. There was no reason or justification of geopolitical nature that demanded technical and financial investments by the Portuguese in the full adequacy of the local conditions to Portuguese urban guidelines. In the face of the late occupation, the article also discusses the late cartographic representation as expressing the lack of interests of the Portuguese administration in relation to a fuller understanding of the region