Amazon and Brazilian Foreign Policy: Analysis of Deforestation Index in the Lula and Bolsonaro Governments

The international protagonist of the Amazon has gained ground in Brazil s foreign policy and the rate of deforestation in the region is one of the indicators of this importance Due to the current focus on the Amazon the federal government needs to justify the increase in deforestation and present plans to reduce these rates Realizing the need to better understand the topic this paper aims to analyze the foreign policy actions developed for the Amazon in the Lula 2003-2010 and Bolsonaro 2019-2022 governments focusing on forest management considering the beginning of historical monitoring in 1988 made by the Amazon Deforestation Monitoring Program In addition the discussion also contemplates Brazil s performance within the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda The results of this survey show that the lowest continuous rates of deforestation occurred between 2005 and 2011 while the highest deforestation rates were registered between 2019 to 202

Fauna edáfica em diferentes usos do solo

A agricultura, quando executada inadequadamente, provoca inúmeras modificações na composição e diversidade dos organismos do solo, em diferentes intensidades. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer a composição da fauna edáfica em diferentes sistemas de uso do solo (SUS). O estudo foi realizado no município de Braço do Norte (SC), na fazenda experimental da Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (Unisul). Os SUS utilizados foram cultivo de macieira, pessegueiro, videira, maracujazeiro, campo nativo e floresta secundária. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com oito repetições. Para a avaliação da fauna edáfica, realizaram-se duas coletas, utilizando o método de “Trampa Provid” e fazendo a contagem dos organismos por ordem taxonômica. A abundância da fauna edáfica foi analisada pelos índices de diversidade de Shannon (H), dominância de Simpson (Is), uniformidade de Pielou (e) e riqueza de ordens. A área de videira mostrou o menor valor para os índices, sendo o local com a menor H, Is e “e”, demonstrando maior ação antrópica e ambiente mais degradado. A floresta secundária apresentou os mais elevados índices H, Is, “e”, mostrando maior diversidade de organismos. Este estudo evidencia que a diversidade da fauna edáfica pode ser considerada um atributo-chave para a manutenção da estrutura do ambiente.

Endogenous iron as a photo-Fenton reaction catalyst for the degradation of Pah's in soils

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) components of diesel fuel are considered hazardous, due to their toxicity. We report the degradation of 16 PAHs using photo-Fenton and photo-Fenton-like processes in two different soil samples (S1 and S2) artificially contaminated with diesel oil. Experimental factorial designs were used to determine the most effective treatment conditions, with a view to achieving economical feasibility. For photo-Fenton reactions, the best degradation conditions resulted in an overall PAH concentration reduction of 94.6% and 95.6% for soils S1 and S2, respectively. The photo-Fenton-like processes also led to satisfactory degradation levels, obtained with only endogenous iron, low hydrogen peroxide concentration, short exposure time and no soil pH adjustment. These results demonstrate the viability of photo-Fenton-like processes to treat PAH contaminated areas.Hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPA) estão presentes no óleo diesel, sendo considerados perigosos devido à sua toxicidade. Neste estudo relatamos a degradação de 16 HPA em dois solos diferentes (S1 e S2) contaminados artificialmente com óleo diesel, usando processos foto-Fenton e pseudo-foto-Fenton. Planejamentos fatoriais foram usados para obter condições de tratamento mais eficientes e econômicas. Para a reação foto-Fenton, as condições mais favoráveis resultaram 94,6% e 95,6% de degradação dos HPA para os solos S1 e S2, respectivamente. O processo pseudo-foto-Fenton também apresentou um nível satisfatório de degradação, obtido em condições econômicas, com ferro endógeno, baixa concentração de peróxido, curto tempo de exposição à radiação e sem ajuste do pH do solo. Os resultados demonstram a eficiência do processo pseudo-foto-Fenton para tratar áreas contaminadas por HPA.329336Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

ANALISE DOCUMENTAL DA PRODUÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO DE ENFERMAGEM DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE DO SUL DE SANTA CATARINA

O presente estudo é parte de uma pesquisa sobre, trabalhos de conclusão de curso, vinculada a graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade do Estremo Sul Catarinense. Objetiva analisar a produção de conhecimento de enfermagem por meio dos trabalhos de conclusão de curso de uma Universidade do Sul do Estado de Santa Catarina. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental do tipo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa. Esta, desenvolvida através de análises dos TCCs, num recorte temporal de 2005 a 2017. Este estudo contemplou a leitura de 438 TCCs destes: 87,5% dos autores eram do sexo feminino; 85,6% foram apresentados individualmente; 12,1% das defesas ocorreram no ano de 2007; 31% das orientações ocorreram por 9 docentes; 82,4% das áreas abordadas foram voltadas à Saúde Pública; 23,6% das temáticas foram relacionadas aos Processos de Enfermagem e SAE; 46,8% dos TCCs apresentaram o tipo de estudo descritivo; 69,2% utilizaram abordagem qualitativa; 53,3% das pesquisas foram desenvolvida em ambiente hospitalar e Unidades de Saúde; 46,7% dos participantes dos estudos foram usuários estes: estudantes, usuários do SUS; 22,9% dos TCCs não mencionou o número de participantes das pesquisas; 69,1% do instrumento de coletas de dados se materializou por entrevistas; 30,1% dos TCCs apresentou analise de conteúdo, 60,9% apresentaram o dado e realizaram inferências positivas em suas produções. Decorrente desta analise foram realizas sugestões de novas áreas e temáticas a serem abordadas, afim de proporcionar um enriquecimento a ciência e nova visão sobre temáticas pouco explanadas.Palavras Chaves: Enfermagem; Graduação; Educação superior

Participação no Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes - ERICA

OBJECTIVE To describe the response rate and characteristics of people who either took part or not in from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA) , according to information subsets. METHODS ERICA is a school-based, nation-wide investigation with a representative sample of 12 to 17-year-old adolescents attending public or private schools in municipalities with over 100,000 inhabitants in Brazil. Response rate of eligible subjects were calculated according to macro-regions, sex, age, and type of school (public or private). We also calculated the percentages of replacement schools in comparison with the ones originally selected as per the sample design, according to the types of schools in the macro-regions. The subjects and non-subjects were compared according to sex, age, and average body mass indices (kg/m2). RESULTS We had 102,327 eligible adolescents enrolled in the groups drawn. The highest percentage of complete information was obtained for the subset of the questionnaire (72.9%). Complete information regarding anthropometric measurements and the ones from the questionnaire were obtained for 72.0% of the adolescents, and the combination of these data with the 24-hour dietary recall were obtained for 70.3% of the adolescents. Complete information from the questionnaire plus biochemical blood evaluation data were obtained for 52.5% of the morning session adolescents (selected for blood tests). The response percentage in private schools was higher than the one in public schools for most of the combination of information. The ratio of older and male adolescents non-participants was higher than the ratio among participants. CONCLUSIONS The response rate for non-invasive procedures was high. The response rate for blood collection – an invasive procedure that requires a 12-hour fasting period and the informed consent form from legal guardians – was lower. The response rate observed in public schools was lower than in the private ones, and that may reflect lower school frequency of registered students.OBJETIVO Descrever o percentual de resposta e características de participantes e não-participantes no Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA) segundo subconjuntos de informações. MÉTODOS O ERICA é um inquérito de base escolar de abrangência nacional com amostra representativa de adolescentes, de 12 a 17 anos de idade, que estudam em escolas públicas ou privadas de municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes de todo o Brasil. Foram calculadas frequências de participação (de elegíveis) por macrorregiões, sexo, idade, e tipo de escola (pública ou privada). Foram calculados também os percentuais de escolas substitutas das selecionadas na origem do desenho amostral, de acordo com o tipo de escola nas macrorregiões. Os participantes e não-participantes foram comparados segundo sexo, idade e média de índice de massa corporal (kg/m2). RESULTADOS Estavam cadastrados nas turmas sorteadas 102.327 adolescentes elegíveis. O maior percentual de informações completas foi obtido para o subconjunto do questionário (72,9%). Informações completas das medidas antropométricas e do questionário foram obtidas em 72,0% dos adolescentes, e a combinação dessas informações com recordatório alimentar de 24h, em 70,3%. Informações completas do questionário mais avaliação bioquímica do sangue foram obtidas em 52,5% dos adolescentes do turno da manhã (elegíveis para exame de sangue). O percentual de resposta nas escolas privadas foi maior do que a das escolas públicas para a maioria das combinações de informações. A proporção de adolescentes não participantes do sexo masculino e mais velhos foi maior do que entre os participantes. CONCLUSÕES O percentual de resposta para procedimentos não invasivos foi elevado. Para a coleta de sangue, procedimento invasivo, com necessidade de jejum de 12 horas e de consentimento escrito dos responsáveis, a participação foi menor. O percentual de participação observado nas escolas públicas foi menor do que nas particulares, podendo refletir menor frequência escolar dos alunos cadastrados

Measurement properties of the falls efficacy scale in patients on hemodialysis

From Springer Nature via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2023-12-08, accepted 2024-03-06, registration 2024-03-07, epub 2024-03-18, online 2024-03-18, collection 2024-12Acknowledgements: The authors thank the nursing and medical staff at the Nephrology Unit for their friendly support.Publication status: PublishedFunder: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG; Grant(s): APQ 02229, 2018Funder: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES; Grant(s): 001, 2020Funder: National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPqPelagia Koufaki - ORCID: 0000-0002-1406-3729 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-3729Background: The measurement properties of the falls efficacy scale have not been evaluated in patients on hemodialysis. This study determined the inter- and intrarater reliability, standard error of measurement, minimal detectable change, and limits of agreements of the falls efficacy scale in patients on hemodialysis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 65 patients (57.5 ± 13.9 years, 63.1% male) on hemodialysis. The fear of falling was assessed by two previously trained raters using the falls efficacy scale. The intraclass correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement, minimal detectable change, and Bland–Altman plot were calculated to assess the inter- and intrarater reliability of the falls efficacy scale. Results: The interrater intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.91, and the intrarater intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.78, representing excellent interrater and good intrarater reliability. The standard error of measurement for inter- and intrarater assessments were 2.99 and 4.46, and the minimal detectable change for inter- and intrarater assessments were 9.26 and 12.33, respectively. The interrater mean difference score was 0.26 (95% limits of agreement: − 8.01 to 8.53), and the intrarater mean difference score was − 1.06 (95% limits of agreement: − 13.39 to 11.27). Conclusion: In patients on hemodialysis, the falls efficacy scale showed excellent and good inter- and intrarater reliability, respectively. Additionally, standard error of measurement, minimal detectable change, and limits of agreements of the falls efficacy scale score were satisfactory.pubpu

Gut microbiome signature and nasal lavage inflammatory markers in young people with asthma

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a complex disease and a severe global public health problem resulting from interactions between genetic background and environmental exposures. It has been suggested that gut microbiota may be related to asthma development; however, such relationships needs further investigation. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota as well as the nasal lavage cytokine profile of asthmatic and nonasthmatic individuals. METHODS: Stool and nasal lavage samples were collected from 29 children and adolescents with type 2 asthma and 28 children without asthma in Brazil. Amplicon sequencing of the stool bacterial V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed using Illumina MiSeq. Microbiota analysis was performed by QIIME 2 and PICRUSt2. Type 2 asthma phenotype was characterized by high sputum eosinophil counts and positive skin prick tests for house dust mite, cockroach, and/or cat or dog dander. The nasal immune marker profile was assessed using a customized multiplex panel. RESULTS: Stool microbiota differed significantly between asthmatic and nonasthmatic participants (P = .001). Bacteroides was more abundant in participants with asthma (P < .05), while Prevotella was more abundant in nonasthmatic individuals (P < .05). In people with asthma, the relative abundance of Bacteroides correlated with IL-4 concentration in nasal lavage samples. Inference of microbiota functional capacity identified differential fatty acid biosynthesis in asthmatic compared to nonasthmatic subjects. CONCLUSION: The stool microbiota differed between asthmatic and nonasthmatic young people in Brazil. Asthma was associated with higher Bacteroides levels, which correlated with nasal IL-4 concentration

Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

There is no specific antiviral therapy recommended for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In vitro studies indicate that the antiviral effect of chloroquine diphosphate (CQ) requires a high concentration of the drug.To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 2 CQ dosages in patients with severe COVID-19. This parallel, double-masked, randomized, phase IIb clinical trial with 81 adult patients who were hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was conducted from March 23 to April 5, 2020, at a tertiary care facility in Manaus, Brazilian Amazon. - Patients were allocated to receive high-dosage CQ (ie, 600 mg CQ twice daily for 10 days) or low-dosage CQ (ie, 450 mg twice daily on day 1 and once daily for 4 days). - Label: Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcome was reduction in lethality by at least 50% in the high-dosage group compared with the low-dosage group. Data presented here refer primarily to safety and lethality outcomes during treatment on day 13. Secondary end points included participant clinical status, laboratory examinations, and electrocardiogram results. Outcomes will be presented to day 28. Viral respiratory secretion RNA detection was performed on days 0 and 4. Out of a predefined sample size of 440 patients, 81 were enrolled (41 [50.6%] to high-dosage group and 40 [49.4%] to low-dosage group). Enrolled patients had a mean (SD) age of 51.1 (13.9) years, and most (60 [75.3%]) were men. Older age (mean [SD] age, 54.7 [13.7] years vs 47.4 [13.3] years) and more heart disease (5 of 28 [17.9%] vs 0) were seen in the high-dose group. Viral RNA was detected in 31 of 40 (77.5%) and 31 of 41 (75.6%) patients in the low-dosage and high-dosage groups, respectively. Lethality until day 13 was 39.0% in the high-dosage group (16 of 41) and 15.0% in the low-dosage group (6 of 40). The high-dosage group presented more instance of QTc interval greater than 500 milliseconds (7 of 37 [18.9%]) compared with the low-dosage group (4 of 36 [11.1%]). Respiratory secretion at day 4 was negative in only 6 of 27 patients (22.2%). - Label: Conclusions and Relevance The preliminary findings of this study suggest that the higher CQ dosage should not be recommended for critically ill patients with COVID-19 because of its potential safety hazards, especially when taken concurrently with azithromycin and oseltamivir. These findings cannot be extrapolated to patients with nonsevere COVID-19